提升管内多股交叉射流的数值模拟

在内径为186 m的提升管冷模装置上,对单个及两个喷口横截面为40 m×10 m的矩形喷嘴,采用k-ε双方程湍动模型,通过对喷嘴出口边界条件的修正,进行了气相流动的数值模拟.射流气速为41.67 m/s,提升管底部来流气速为7.16 m/s.模拟结果显示,射流影响区约在喷嘴上方1.4 m处结束,根据射流流体在提升管内的流动形态,沿轴向可将其分为核心区,偏折区和发展区;射流的外轮廓为瓮形.模拟结果与实验结果相吻合.     

滚刀-高移速水射流耦合切削极硬花岗岩试验与模拟研究

目前,全断面隧道掘进机(tunnel boring machine,TBM)滚刀与高压水射流耦合破岩研究中,水射流切槽大多由低移速水射流切割而成,这与实际情况下耦合在TBM刀盘上的高移速水射流所制备的切槽不同,进而影响滚刀-水射流耦合破岩结果的可靠性。针对上述问题,采用2种喷嘴直径(0.5 mm和0.7 mm)、3种移速(1.8,2.4和3.0 m/s)的高移速水射流,耦合小尺度TBM滚刀(刃宽为2.3 mm和直径为43.2 mm),对极硬花岗岩进行切削试验,研究不同切削模式下的岩石破碎效果、滚刀法向力以及破岩比能的变化规律,同时开展全尺度滚刀与高移速水射流切槽耦合破岩的数值模拟,作为小尺度破岩试验的补充。研究结果表明：高移速水射流切槽的底长和高度随喷嘴直径的增大而增大,随喷嘴移速的增大而减小;在共轨破岩试验中,小滚刀下方岩石被高移速水射流部分移除,导致破岩载荷和破岩效率降低;在错轨破岩试验中,当小滚刀与水射流切槽间距大于15 mm时,水射流切槽辅助滚刀破岩效果趋于消失,当间距为12 mm时,水射流切槽辅助滚刀破岩效果最显著,破岩比能比纯滚刀切削降低68%;由于高移速水射流切槽小、滚刀...     

提升管变径段气固两相流动状况

采用数值模拟的方法对两段提升管催化裂解多产丙烯催化裂化装置提升管反应器下半部的流动状况进行研究.计算结果表明,提升管反应器下部催化剂呈现比较明显的非均匀性,催化剂主要靠近反应器边壁附近分布.由于油气喷入反应器后形成射流区,对油气与催化剂之间的充分接触产生一定影响.经下部喷嘴进入反应器的油气在反应器中存在明显的返混.提升管反应器的下半段,气固两相的非理想流动较为明显.气固两相流动状况的数值模拟为反应器及操作条件优化提供了重要依据.     

液液射流装置的搅拌混合效果

以活性污泥、消化污泥为研究对象,分析液液射流搅拌装置对这两种污泥在搅拌槽内混合效果;同时利用计算流体力学软件ANSYS Fluent 15.0模拟了在入射压力为226 043 Pa工况下,射流搅拌装置的工作性能。该入射压力下,液液喷嘴泵送活性污泥时入射流量314.57 m~3/h,入射速度为3.37 m/s,消化污泥入射流量为312.05 m~3/h,入射速度为3.20 m/s。模拟结果表明在液液喷嘴内部搅拌混合效果不受流体性质的影响,均得到很好的搅拌混合;但在搅拌槽内活性污泥的搅拌混合效果明显优于消化污泥,搅拌槽内活性污泥流速方差加权平均值f为144.24,死区的体积分数φ为13.33%,平均流速为0.108 2 m/s,消化污泥在搅拌槽内的平均流速为0.031 8 m/s。     

流化床中下喷射流穿射深度研究

对气固流化床中气体下喷射流穿射深度进行了实验及理论探讨，利用湍动射流理论和流体力学理论,给出了床中射流深度的表达式,其结果与实验数据相比较拟合较好。同时还讨论了喷口直径，喷射斜角，颗粒性质对射深的影响。实验用空气—FCC体系和空气一硅胶体系，喷口气速为15m/s～90m/s，喷口直径为5mm和8mm。     

等离子喷涂枪喷嘴部分冷却效果模拟分析

使用计算机对等离子喷涂枪喷嘴部分冷却效果进行模拟。建立了简化的等离子喷涂枪的物理模型,并设定初始条件和参数。模拟了不同冷却水速度下的温度场和速度场,根据模拟结果进水速度取4m/s、5m/s或6m/s较为合适;模拟了不同进水管直径下的温度场和速度场,根据模拟结果进水管直径取10mm较为合适;模拟了不同进水管位置下的温度场和速度场,根据模拟结果进水管的位置对冷却效果影响不大。     

内循环流化床颗粒循环速率实验研究

采用热颗粒示踪和信号相关法对气固内循环流化床的颗粒循环速率进行实验研究.考察操作气速、提升管下部孔径和提升管高度对于颗粒循环速率的影响.结果表明:在所考察的实验条件下,颗粒循环速率在15～70,kg/(m2.s)之间变化.操作气速增大时,颗粒流化程度增强,颗粒循环速率增加;提升管下部开孔数目不变而孔径增加时,颗粒循环阻力减小,颗粒循环速率明显增加;提升管高度由235,mm增加到295,mm时,颗粒循环速率呈现先升后降趋势,在提升管高度为265,mm时存在极大值.     

结构化反应器床层中两相流动特性实验研究

以空气-水为介质,分别以喷嘴和填充直径1mm玻璃珠的30cm高的床层为分布器,在表观液速为0.0522～0.1306m/s,表观气速为0.0739～0.5171m/s,气液并流向下的操作条件下,测定了0.1m直径塔中,孔径分别为1.1和2.1mm的2种结构化催化剂床层中的总压降和液含率等流动参数。结果表明,床层总压降随着表观气速、表观液速的增大均增大。液含率随着表观气速的增大而减少,随着表观液速的增大而增大。通过对2种分布器的比较可以发现,相同条件下,以喷嘴为分布器的床层总压降和液含率比以玻璃珠为分布器的床层总压降和液含率小。比较2种床层可知,相同条件下,结构化催化剂的孔径越小,其床层总压降与液含率越大。此外,建立了能较好预测两相摩擦因子以及液含率的经验关联式,偏差在±15%以内。     

直接空冷凝汽器干式吹扫系统的喷嘴流场特性

针对干式吹扫系统压缩空气从喷嘴射入到凝汽器翅片时,其速度减小影响吹扫效果的问题,运用射流动力学和计算流体力学理论对喷嘴外流场进行模拟,分析喷嘴结构和喷嘴到翅片的距离(靶距)对喷嘴射流能力的影响。研究结果表明:在相同靶距和工作压力下,与圆柱长度30 mm、直径为1.6 mm的喷嘴相比,圆柱长度为25 mm、直径为1.8 mm的喷嘴射程更长,速度更高,射流能力更强;在相同条件下,与单孔喷嘴相比,双孔喷嘴的射程更长,射流面积更大,喷嘴射流能力更强。靶距越大,翅片入口的空气速度越小,射流面积则先增大后减小;为满足较高的吹扫效果,当喷嘴入口压力为0.65 MPa时,选取收缩角为40?,圆柱长度为25 mm,圆柱直径为1.8 mm的喷嘴结构,采用双孔布置,最佳靶距为40 mm。     

自推进喷嘴井筒内流场数值模拟

以深穿透水平钻孔自推进喷嘴为模拟对象,根据模型和实测井眼建立流场模型,采用标准k-ε双方程模型,对不同后喷孔布置下的自推进喷嘴井筒内流场进行数值模拟。研究结果表明:井筒内,由于后喷孔射流的抽吸作用,2个相邻射流之间会形成一个漩涡区,该漩涡由其发生位置的不同,可对井底返流形成阻碍或卷吸加速作用;后喷孔射流本身对井底返流有加速携带作用;沿井筒径向,漩涡区速度由井壁向喷嘴处逐渐增大,这将加剧喷嘴和高压软管的冲蚀;将后喷孔由3个均布改为6个均布,改进后喷嘴射流形成的漩涡区面积只为改进前的25%,且漩涡区速度降低最多达6 m/s,充分发挥了射流本身和漩涡区的特点,可有效提高自推进喷嘴流场的携岩效率,延长其使用寿命。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that