基于MOBP模型的西安市用水量预测分析

根据1986-2005年的用水量数据,采用主成分分析法和BP神经网络法相结合的MOBP模型,对西安市2010年和2015年的水资源用量进行预测.结果表明:主成分分析法运用降维思想能较为客观地筛选和权衡多因子,Matlab软件中的MOBP神经网络模型的相对平均误差值约为6%,是精度较高的预测模型.运用该模型预测出西安市2010年的用水量为24.14×108 m3,2015年的用水量为27.11×108 m3.     

基于组合预测方法的海河流域生活用水量研究

针对用水量预测组合模型的优选问题,根据海河流域1988-2003年生活用水量时间序列的具体变化特征和拟合精度进行组合模型初选,并引入最优组合原理,确定组合权系数．所用的预测模型主要有回归模型、灰色模型和BP神经网络模型．以滦河分区和子牙河分区为例,计算的平均相对误差(MRE)分别为1．91％和1．54％, 2010年生活用水量将分别达到6．15×108m3和8．72×108 m3,2030年将分别达到7．37×108 m3和1.27×109 m3．结果表明,该方法提高了预测精度,可为水资源规划和管理提供依据．     

基于主成分分析的BP神经网络及其在需水预测中的应用

以甘肃省瓜州县为例,利用1988~2007年的总需水量数据,采用主成分分析法对影响水资源需求量的7个因子进行主要影响因子分析,根据确定的主要影响因子构造BP神经网络的输入样本,从而进行不同水平的年总需水量预测。结果表明:国内生产总值、工业总产值、农业总产值和大牲口数4个因子为影响研究区需水量的主要因子,将此作为主要因子构造BP神经网络的输入样本,确定网络输入节点数,建立瓜州县总需水量预测模型。模拟计算结果表明,基于主成分分析的BP神经网络模型取,预测结果的绝对误差小于±0.05×109m3。     

应用改进BP神经网络进行用水量预测

针对工业用水量的特点，建立了改进的BP神经网络用水量预测模型，采用遗传算法对BP神经网络权系进行优化改进，改进的BP神经网络算法预测结果好于灰色理论预测和BP算法预测。以本溪市某供水厂用水量数据对改进的BP神经网络模型进行训练并预测，将其预测结果与灰色理论预测和BP神经网络预测结果进行比较分析，得出该方法用于供水系统用水量预测误差较小，同时克服了其他两种算法的缺陷。     

改进BP神经网络在郑州市需水量预测中的应用

水资源供需矛盾日益突出,需水量预测已成为广泛关注的焦点．需水量预测可以为“三条红线”的实施提供依据,以强化水资源管理和节水监督管理,缓解水资源供需矛盾．基于BP神经网络模型,采用自适应调整的算法,改进了BP神经网络模型中学习率的求解方法,并将其应用到郑州市经济社会需水量预测中,预测了2012年和2015年经济社会需水量,分别为14．41亿m3和14．84亿m3;通过与BP神经网络模型、主成分回归分析结果对比,发现改进后的BP神经网络模型根据迭代误差自动调整学习率,求解速度和计算结果精度明显提高,适用于郑州市需水量预测．     

城市用水量的综合动态预测建模方法

基于BP神经网络,建立了一种综合时间序列分析和多元分析特点的动态水量预测模型,模型除了将影响用水量的因素作为输入节点之外,还将预报日前2 d的用水量作为输入节点,使得模型不但反映了用水量与影响因素的关系,还揭示了用水量时间序列的非线性特性.经生产实践检验,该模型的预测精度达到工程要求.     

基于BP神经网络的城市时用水量分时段预测模型

针对目前时用水量预测模型中对时用水量影响因素分析研究较少的问题,通过分析各种时用水量影响因素与时用水量之间的相关性,筛选出时用水量的主要影响因子;通过分类将1 d划分为3个时段,建立分时段用水量模型。采用BP神经网络预测,精度指标采用平均绝对百分比误差(MAPE)表示。实例分析结果表明:模型预测MAPE均在5%以内,预测精度较高,满足供水系统优化调度的要求,为城市时用水量预测提供一种简单可行的思路和方法。     

熵在空气质量指数(AQI)预测中的应用

为了更准确地找出影响空气质量指数的气象因子与提高其预测精度,提出了基于熵、BP神经网络和时间序列模型的组合预测模型。该方法利用增加了特征变量的转移熵方法,得到影响AQI的气象因子及其影响度,将得到的气象因子与AQI实测值作为BP神经网络的输入因子和时间序列分析模型的特征因子,影响度作为BP神经网络输入因子的初始权重,构建BP神经网络预测模型和时间序列分析预测模型,最后用熵值法组合各个预测模型的预测结果。实验表明利用该方法对空气质量指数进行预测可提高其预测精度。     

BP神经网络在连续梁桥施工监控中的应用

为了实现大跨度连续梁桥施工过程中立模标高快速、准确地确定,基于BP神经网络能逼近任意的函数与自适应算法结合的特点,将其运用到连续梁桥施工控制的标高预测中.通过有限元软件建立桥梁模型,结合参数的影响的分析,运用BP神经网络原理,根据实测值与理论值的对比分析结果来确定挠度预测的输入向量和目标向量,建立大桥高程偏差的神经网络模型.利用MATLAB程序的神经网络模型,完成对样本矢量的输入及对桥梁施工控制的网络训练,预测出下一阶段的标高值,以此反复进行,有利于立模标高更快更精确的确定,最终使桥梁的线形和设计线形达到很好的吻合.     

灰色神经网络交通事故预测比较

针对BP神经网络多变量输入难以确定的缺点,提出了采用灰色关联分析法确定主要影响因子输入的多因子灰色关联分析神经网络预测模型,实例证明,该方法预测精度优于全输入BP神经网络预测。进一步提出了应用选优BP神经网络输入预测和GM(1,N)组合预测的模型,它结合了灰预测利用少数据累加生成建模,容易找出数据变换规律的特点和神经网络能很好地非线性逼近,又需要较全数据的特点。实证研究结果表明,该组和网络模型获得了更准确的预测值,模型新颖,具有更好的预测精度,可广泛应用于各种预测研究,有较高的推广价值。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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