单轴晶体为内包层的双包层光导纤维HE_(11)模的特性研究

研究了以单轴晶体为内包层 ,且晶体光轴沿光纤轴线 (Z轴 )方向的双包层光纤的传输特性 .给出了 3个区域中电磁场满足的波动方程及其解 ,得出了矢量模的精确特征方程 .重点研究了晶体主轴折射率比 kcl,几何参数 S,光学参数 R对 HE11模色散和截止特性的影响 .研究结果发现晶体主轴折射率比 kcl对 HE11模的传输和截止特性有显著影响 .研究结果对利用该类双包层光纤设计新型无源光器件具有重要的参考价值 .     

长波长双窗口零色散单模光纤的理论设计

长波长双窗口零色散低损耗光纤的设计必须同时满足1.3μm、1.55μm 色散和损耗的要求,并受到单模条件和工艺条件的诸多限制,我们首次使用适于任意形状四包层折射率剖面的软件计算光纤传输特性,在最内包层折射率下陷深度小于4.4‰的限制下,对这种光纤进行了多目标、多变量的结构优化设计;最后对实验结果和计算值进行了比较.     

双包层低折射率芯光波导的解析解及数值分析

对芯层折射率小于内包层折射率的双包层光波导进行了解析求解，得到了模式场精确解及模式特征方程．对于HEll、TE01、TM01三个低阶模的特征方程进行了数值计算，给出了它们的色散曲线，然后研究了内包层与芯层的半径比、内包层的折射率对色数曲线和截止频率的影响．     

环形光纤的数值求解与分析

环形光纤不同于普通光纤，它的内包层折射率比芯子和外包层都大。我们用贝塞尔函数及其变形函数的精确模式分析了它的传播常数、弯曲损耗、色散和制造容差，首次指出了其较普通光纤有抑制非线性效应明显和实现单模低色散方面具有传光功率强、传光面积大、控制参数多和制造容差大的优势，也提到了其在实现大负色散方面的限制。     

用焦散面半径方法计算双包层光纤的吸收效率

采用一种基于射线理论和模式理论相结合的方法 ,用模式理论计算焦散面半径 ,以此半径为判据用射线方法确定穿过纤芯的模式 ,即能被吸收的模式 .该模式的总数与总模数的比值即为泵浦吸收效率 .用此方法计算了两种圆形内包层截面的双包层光纤的纤芯对内包层中泵浦光的吸收效率与纤芯半径和偏芯距离的关系 .计算结果表明 :圆形内包层截面的双包层光纤激光器和放大器可以通过将纤芯偏离中心位置来提高吸收效率 .该结果与用 2维几何光学射线法的结果一致 .     

单轴晶体为内包层的双包层光导纤维HE11模的特性研究

研究了以单轴晶体为内包层，且晶体光轴沿光纤轴线（Z轴）方向的双层光纤的传输等特性，给出了3个区域中电磁场满足的波动方程及其解，得出了矢量模的精确特征方程，重点研究了晶体主轴折射率比kcl，几何参数S，光学参数R对HE11模色散和截止特性的影响，研究结果发现晶体主轴折射率比kcl对HE11模的传输和截止特性有显著影响，研究结果对利用该类包层光纤设计新型无源光器件具有重要的参考价值。     

涂层圆柱光波导传光特性的研究

研究了一种双包层阶跃型光纤，涂层作为内包层，其折射率大于纤芯及外包层的折射率。严格地推导了柱坐标下的特征方程。并在两种极限情况下，推广到平板光波导和传统的阶跃型光纤。详细计算了ＴＭ和ＴＥ波的场分布及功率分布，做出了相应的曲线，表明了涂层厚度和工作波长对场及功率分布的影响。     

含负折射率介质层的一维光子晶体缺陷模的特性

利用转移矩阵给出了在正常材料中加入双负介质结构的色散关系和缺陷模的本征频率方程.根据本征方程计算了当缺陷层的折射率和光学厚度改变时缺陷模频率的变化.     

双包层单模光纤结构参数对传输特性的影响

推导了双包层单模光纤的特征方程,对特征方程直接求导解得了基模群时延和群速色散,讨论了结构参数对传播常数、群时延以及群速色散的影响．研究结果表明：纤芯半径(α)和纤芯半径与内包层外半径之比(Q)对光纤的传输特性参数传播常数、群速度以及群速色散均有不同程度的影响,影响的大小及规律与α和Q的值有关。     

含左手材料四层平板波导的模式特性

【目的】研究一个中间两层为左手材料,覆盖层和衬底层为右手材料的四层平板波导(RHM-LHM-LHMRHM)系统。【方法】用数值计算波导的色散曲线,画出不同模式的电场分布图。【结果】该波导存在TE0模和TM0模,高阶模式的TE模和TM模会出现双模现象,在特定的波导层厚度下,TEm模和TMm模的有效折射率相同。缓冲层的厚度和介电常数越大,TM模的双模现象越显著。模系数m为奇数或偶数的电场分布图相似,但波导层厚度越大,其电场振荡越强,而缓冲层的电场振荡基本不变。【结论】通过控制左手材料的介质参数可以灵活改变波导的模式特性。     

各向异性晶体包层对光纤包层能量的影响

研究了包层为单轴各向异性晶体材料且其主轴沿光纤轴线的光纤模型.针对HE11模,运用矢量精确解法分析了各向异性材料对包层中传输能量的影响.结果表明,各向异性材料折射率对该种光纤芯层和包层中传输的能量影响显著.     

激光熔覆金属合金和WC复合涂层及其应用

为了改善机械零件的表面性质,利用２ｋＷＣＷＣＯ２激光在金属或零件表面熔覆０．１０～１０．００ｍｍ的金属合金和ＷＣ复合耐磨涂层;并研究了其微观结构和硬度分布与熔覆工艺的关系;为了减少和避免耐磨涂层发生裂纹而设计了具有硬质相分布的“梯度涂层”,或在硬质表层和基体之间增加具有良好韧性的“过渡层”,获得了无缺陷,与基体冶金结合的优质涂层。在一些磨损零件的激光熔覆修复中,可延长使用寿命２～３倍以上。     

薄膜镀层的XRD分析

利用X射线多晶衍射和计算机模拟的方法对薄膜镀层的物相成分、晶粒度大小、膜厚度、粗糙度、膜密度、吸收系数、折射因子进行测试分析,分析结果表明采用此方法对薄膜进行分析准确度高,速度快.     

Microstructures of laser cladding of intermetallic-ceramic composite coatings

The microstructures of laser cladding of (Ni-24.5%(atom fraction)Al)+50%(mass haction)WC coatings before and after aging was comparetively studied by using SEM and TEM. It is shown that dissolving of WC and reprecipitating in the forms of WC and W₂C occurred during laser cladding, and intermetallic γ' (Ni₃Al) orderly precipitate from metastable supersaturant Ni-matrix solid solution after heat treatment. The structures are favorable for coating's properties.     

Laser cladding of Ni-based alloy on copper substrate

The laser cladding of Ni1015 alloy on Cu substrate was prepared by a high power continuous wave CO₂ laser. Its microstructure was analyzed by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). The average microhardness of the cladding coating was Hv 280, which was almost three times of that of the Cu substrate (Hv 85). OM and SEM observations showed that the obtained coating had a smooth and uniform surface, as well as a metallurgical combination with the Cu substrate without cracks and pores at the interface. With the addition of copper into the nickel-based alloy, the differences of thermal expansion coefficient and melting point between the interlayer and cladding were reduced, which resulted in low stresses during rapid cooling. Moreover, large amount of (Cu, Ni) solid solution formed a metallurgical bonding between the cladding coating and the substrate, which also relaxed the stresses, leading to the reduction of interfacial cracks and pores after laser cladding.     

液压元件表面激光熔覆强化

阐述了激光熔覆强化技术的原理及强化机理和国内外发展动态，与传统表面强化方法做了比较，总结了激光熔覆强化的优越性．液压元件关键另件的耐磨要求很高，对这些零件进行激光熔覆强化，将会创造可观的经济效益和社会效益。     

前驱体碳化复合等离子熔覆涂层

以钛铁粉、铬粉、铁粉和碳的前驱体（蔗糖）等为原料,通过前驱体碳化复合技术制备了碳化复合粉,并利用等离子熔覆技术在Q235钢表面制备了Fe-Cr-C和Fe-Cr-C-Ti涂层.采用X射线衍射和扫描电镜对涂层的相组成和显微组织结构进行了分析.结果表明:Fe-Cr-C涂层由（Cr,Fe）₇C₃初生碳化物和菊花瓣状分布共晶碳化物（Cr,Fe）₇C₃与奥氏体组织组成;Fe-Cr-C-Ti涂层由原位合成的TiC相和（Cr,Fe）₇C₃共晶相与奥氏体相构成.这两种涂层与基体之间都是冶金结合.涂层中碳化物TiC的体积分数呈现梯度分布,并且涂层的熔合区和中部区域TiC颗粒形状多为等轴状颗粒,涂层的表层区域部分TiC颗粒多为树枝晶颗粒.与Fe-Cr-C涂层相比较,Fe-Cr-C-Ti涂层的抗开裂性更好.Fe-Cr-C和Fe-Cr-C-Ti两涂层的平均显微硬度约是750HV_0.2,是基体金属的3.2倍,从涂层表面到熔合区相差不大.     

Effect of coaxial laser cladding parameters on bead formation

We investigated the shape and morphology of nickel-based powder particles (Sulzer Metco) and coatings produced by laser gas-powder deposition onto steel substrates. Laser deposition was performed using an LC-10 IPG-Photonics laser complex equipped with a 10-kW fiber laser. The shape and microstructure of the samples were studied using optical and electronic microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The results showed that the deposition speed and laser power significantly influenced the shape and size of the beads. The depth of diffusion of nickel into the steel substrate after deposition was less than 20 μm; the microstructure of the resulting coating was fcc Fe₃Ni. As a result, detailed information about the form and shape of the filler powder, modes of its deposition, and the resulting coating structure was obtained; this information is important for the production of high-quality products by additive technologies.     

Co基合金激光熔覆层组织及近表面结晶方向

采用同步送粉式激光熔覆工艺在45^#钢表面制备了Stellite Co基合金涂层。利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜（SEM)、附件（EDS）及X射线衍射仪分析了熔覆层的快速凝固微观组织特征和相结构。熔覆层初生相为γ-Co枝晶，枝晶间为γ-Co及Cr23C6共晶组成。在熔覆层的近自由表面，发现了一种新的、结晶方向与激光扫描速度方向平行的细小枝晶。熔覆层与基体界面为平面结晶，向中心过渡为胞状晶、柱状枝晶等多种形态。两道熔覆层的搭接区组织粗化，且出现准等轴晶、等轴晶。     

Microstructure characteristics of Ni/WC composite cladding coatings

A multilayer tungsten carbide particle (WCp)-reinforced Ni-based alloy coating was fabricated on a steel substrate using vacuum cladding technology. The morphology, microstructure, and formation mechanism of the coating were studied and discussed in different zones. The microstructure morphology and phase composition were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. In the results, the coating presents a dense and homogeneous microstructure with few pores and is free from cracks. The whole coating shows a multilayer structure, including composite, transition, fusion, and diffusion-affected layers. Metallurgical bonding was achieved between the coating and substrate because of the formation of the fusion and diffusion-affected layers. The Ni-based alloy is mainly composed of γ-Ni solid solution with finely dispersed Cr₇C₃/Cr₂₃C₆, CrB, and Ni+Ni₃Si. WC particles in the composite layer distribute evenly in areas among initial Ni-based alloying particles, forming a special three-dimensional reticular microstructure. The macrohardness of the coating is HRC 55, which is remarkably improved compared to that of the substrate. The microhardness increases gradually from the substrate to the composite zone, whereas the microhardness remains almost unchanged in the transition and composite zones.