Urethan als Follikulinantagonist

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Antibiotika als pflanzliche Plasmagifte

Summary The toxic action oflycomarasmine (a wilting agent produced byFusarium lycopersici Sacc., the causal organism of tomato-wilting) and ofpatulin (clavacin, an antibiotic produced byPenicillium patulum and by some other fungi) on some test-objects is studied (anthocyanin-test with red turnips, plasma-streaming test withSpirogyra etc.). Both substances are able to destroy for instance the semipermeability of the plasma boundary layer; but patulin proves to be more toxic for these objects than lycomarasmine, the specific poison of the tomato wilting disease.     

Zum Fabismus als Erbleiden

Summary Analysis of 100 families with at last one affected offspring seems conclusive for the assumption that favism is an inherited condition and that the responsible gene is a recessive one. The penetrance of the gene seems to be high and the expression stronger in males.     

Mechanische Festigkeit als Elektroneneffekt

Summary TheBrinell hardness ofHume-Rothery alloys depends on their electron concentration in the same way as do catalytic activation energy and electric resistivity. A wave-mechanical theory of hardness, based on the more or less total completion of theBrillouin-zones, is proposed.     

Catechine und Hydroxy-flavandiole als Gerbstoffbildner

Summary From the ranks of the colourless hydroxyflavans, four differenthydroxyflavan-3-ols(catechins and epi-catechins), as well as eight hydroxyflavan-3,4-diols, have so far been encountered in nature. These substances are also procurable by synthesis. On treatment with hot water or dilute acids, they are easily converted into soluble tannins or insoluble phlobaphenes. The mechanism of the self-condensation is explained using catechin via the isolation of a dimerie product. A probable path for the self-condensation of the diols has been indicated. In contrast to the products of their self-condensation, the monomeric polyhydroxyflavans are not real tannins. A particular accumulation of phenolhydroxyl groups in the molecule, the tendency to form supersaturated solutions and low solubility in water in the — generally not attainable — crystalline state are prerequisites for tanning properties. In nature, the self-condensation of polyhydroxyflavans proceeds (e. g. in the wood ofAcacia catechu or in Quebracho Wood) without the assistance of enzymes. Dehydrogenative polymerisation occurs with formation of brown or red phlobaphenes (e.g. in cocoa beam) which are generally insoluble.     

Schwefel als Ligandatom in Chelatkomplexen

Summary The hitherto unknown compounds 5-(2-pyridyl)thiazole, 2-(2-thienyl)pyridine and methyl--picolyl sulphide have been synthesized. The structure of all three substances allows the formation of a chelate ring with N and S as ligand atoms. 5-(2-Pyridyl)thiazole yields with Fe²⁺ at a pH of 2.5 a significant change in absorption, which is attributed to chelate formation.     

Gynergen und Penicillin als Antibiotika

Summary Herpes corneæ simplex (febrilis) is a virus disease. In 1942 the author found out that the purely epithelial forms of Herpes corneæ are cured on an average within four days, if the patients took 4–5 milligrams of «Gynergen Sandoz» (Ergotamin-tartrate Stoll) a day. According to the newest observations fresh Herpes corneæ can also be cured through rinsing with a solution of 0.5 mg of Gynergen (2 cm³ a day).The development of the Herpes disease and its cure is a chemical process of the cells, which, according to the author, is influenced by Gynergen. — Ergotamin is won out ofsecale cornutum, which owes its origin to the fungusClaviceps purpurea. This fungus together with thePenicillium notatum belongs to theAscomycetes group. Both are biologically related and their substance has chemical points of contact. — With respect to bacteria, Penicillin is antibiotic, the author presumes antibiotical properties against Herpes in Ergotamin (Gynergen Sandoz), the study of which he suggests should be gone into more thoroughly. With two different viruses Gynergen Sandoz has been known to bring about a cure in many cases: namely Herpes zoster ophthalmicus, and Herpes corneæ simplex (febrilis).     

Die Reizschwelle der Sinnesorgane als physikalisches Problem

Summary A survey is given of recent work on physical aspects of sensory processes. The reasoning which leads to the generally recognized view that one rod of the retina is excited by only one quantum of light is given in par. II. In par. IIIa summary is given of the papers byHecht andVan der Velden on the number of rods which must be struck in order to obtaina sensation of light. Par. III describes the role of the quantum character of light at higher intensities (de Vries), where it sets a limit to intensity discrimination and visual acuity. The influence of Brownian movement on the process of hearing is discussed in par. VI. It is found that the Brownian movement of the inner ear is close to the threshold actually observed (de Vries), whereas the Brownian motion of the air at the eardrum (seeSivian andWhite) is below the audible threshold. The role of the Brownian movementin the sense cells is described in par. VII; the results are used for an analysis of the mechanism of hearing (see alsode Vries); evidence is obtained that electric voltages are generated in the tectorial membrane (the well-known cochlear microphonics) and that they play an important part in the mechanism of energy transfer to the sense cells (similar voltages were also derived from the cupolæ in the lateral lines of fishes by the present author). Finally some physical arguments are sumarized againstYeagley's theory of bird navigation.     

l-Methionin als Regulator der Spannung von Collagen

Summary Collagen fibres produce tension in hypermolar salt solutions such as 5M NaClO₄. This tension can be increased by formaldehyde 0.035M (or more). These reactions are reversible in 0.15M NaCl and can be repeated many times.l-Methionine in 0.01M solution inhibits the reversal. It is supposed that this effect is caused by inhibition of the aldol-aldimin reaction which restitutes the crosslink in the collagen fibre.     

Rote augen als mutante beiCulex pipiens L

Summary A red-eyed sex-linked mutantra ofCulex pipiens is discussed in relation to a recently published mutantr. A common origin might be postulated. The mutantra is characterized by a fluorescence substance not present in the wild type.     

Ein Virus als Erreger der Rollkrankheit der Rebe

Summary A virus has been isolated from grape vines diseased with leaf roll which is the cause of this dangerous illness in vineyards. This was proved by means of electromicrographs of the virus particles in pressed juices of all the diseased vine crops examined. The virus is only transmissible by graft and not by juice.     

Der SeidenschwanzBombycilla garrulus als frugivorer Ernährungsspezialist

Summary Eight waxwings,Bombycilla garrulus, were fed exclusively with vegetable food for periods of 10–18 days. In contrast to other song birds, they maintained or increased body weight during that time, or reduced it only moderately. Thus the waxwing is a feeding specialist which can subsist at least temporarily on a totally vegetable diet.

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Mit Unterstützung der DFG.     

Substituierte t-Hexylamine als neuer Typ hypotensiv wirksamer Verbindungen

Summary A series of primary, secondary, and tertiary 2,2,3-trimethylbutylamines-(3) and their salts substituted in position 3 with a methyl, ethyl,n-butyl, phenyl, and benzyl group has been prepared. One member of the series, N,N,2,2,3-pentamethylbutylamine-(3) (Penbutamine) as well as the corresponding amino and methylamino derivatives were compared with other compounds of a similar type as regards their ganglioplegic and hypotensive effect. The tested compound revealed a high degree of activity in both the above mentioned directions.

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11. Mitteilung « Ganglioplegica », 10. Mitteilung siehe Collection, im Druck.     

Ultrastrukturelle Pathologie als Weg zur Erfassung der Zelldynamik

Summary The historical development of the morphological approach is reviewed. The first attempts to use a functional-dynamic mode of attack were made byVirchow. The modern methods of morphology, such as autoradiography and morphometry, have shown more and more clearly that cells are governed by complex principles of organization which are closely connected with one another. It is principally catabolic and anabolic systems of function which ensure this organization. The fact that they are dynamic cell processes is also seen in the ultra-structural pathology, since, in response to injury, cells immediately show catabolic and also anabolic reactions. Thus the different influences upon the cell can probably be traced to simple basic phenomena.     

Glukose als Cofactor bei der Retraktion des Blutgerinnsels

Summary Dextrose is found to be a co-factor for clot retraction. During retraction lactic acid is produced, suggesting a close relationship between enzymatic activity of the platelets and the retraction-mechanism.     

Das L-Isomere als teratogenes Prinzip der N-Phthalyl-DL-glutaminsäure

Summary The teratogenicity of optical antipodes of phthaloyl-glutamic acid, a metabolite of thalidomide, was determined by administering i.p. to pregnant mice. The injected solution contained Tween 20 as solubilizer. Under the conditions of experiment thel-isomer was found to be embryotoxic; whereas thed-form was devoid of any embryopathic properties.     

Ecdyson als Begleitsubstanz des Ecdysterons inPolypodium vulgare L.

Summary Ecdysone, one of the moulting hormones of Arthropodes, was found for the first time in the plant kingdom too. From rhizomes ofPolypodium vulgare L. we isolated 0.002% ecdysone and 0.07% ecdysterone.

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Teil der Dissertation vonG. Heinrich.