棉织物水热法纳米二氧化钛表面改性

采用水热合成技术,使用硫酸钛和尿素直接在棉织物纤维表面包覆纳米TiO2颗粒薄膜.借助SEM、XRD、FT-IR、DSC和TG对棉纤维改性前、后的表面形貌、结构和热学性能进行了表征,并测定了织物反射光谱、拉伸、吸水和光催化活性.研究结果表明,棉织物经过硫酸钛尿素水热改性之后,纤维表面包覆了一层锐钛矿型纳米TiO2颗粒薄膜,由平均粒径2.0 nm的纳米颗粒聚集成100nm以上的球形颗粒,并通过物理吸附方式附着在纤维表面.改性后的织物热起始分解温度和吸热熔融峰温度均有所降低.具有抗紫外线能力和光催化活性,吸水性能也有所增强,但由于织物尺寸发生收缩,断裂强力有所减小,断裂伸长率有所增加.     

两种钛铌酸钾复合材料的制备及其光催化应用研究

高温固相法制备层状钛铌酸钾盐（K T iN bO5）。通过硝酸酸化、剥片处理等获得亚级钛铌酸钾纳米片。分别用二氧化钛和氢氧化铁溶胶对钛铌酸钾纳米片进行复合,获得两种钛铌酸钾纳米片为基质的复合纳米催化剂。最终分别考察了亚甲基蓝（M B ）在两种改性的钛铌酸钾纳米片表面上吸附和光催化效果。结果表明,两种钛铌酸钾纳米片为基质的复合材料在氙灯下对亚甲基蓝均具有良好地复合改性的光催化降解效果。     

蒸汽相水解法制备磁性光催化剂Fe_3O_4/SiO_2/TiO_2及其光催化性能

采用蒸汽相水解法,以Fe3O4纳米磁性颗粒为磁核,在其表面包覆一层SiO2来阻止光腐蚀,然后将锐钛矿相纳米氧化钛沉积在Fe3O4/SiO2颗粒表面,从而制得核壳结构的Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2磁性复合光催化材料。用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、高分辨率透射电子显微镜(HR-TEM)、探针式震动磁强计等手段对所制备的产物的结构、形貌、磁强度性能进行表征。以300W汞灯为光源,用亚甲基蓝和酸性红模拟污水中的有机染料来评价复合光催化剂的性能。结果表明,磁性纳米微球中TiO2的含量越大,其光催化性能越好,含TiO2质量分数50%的F3O4/SiO2/TiO2磁性纳米微球可在180min内降解亚甲基蓝模拟染料废水,降解率达99%,在80min内降解酸性模拟染料废水,降解率达98%。     

花瓣状铈掺杂纳米TiO_2光催化剂的制备及其光催化活性

以葡聚糖为模板,以硫酸钛和硫酸高铈为原料,采用水热沉淀法制备一系列铈掺杂的、具有花瓣状结构的TiO_2光催化材料。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X线衍射(XRD)、低温氮气吸附(BET)、红外光谱(IR)和紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)等技术对其形貌特征、晶体结构及表面结构、光吸收特性等进行表征。以亚甲基蓝溶液的光催化降解为模型反应,考察不同掺杂量的样品在紫外和日光条件下的光催化性能,并通过降解前后水样中化学需氧量(COD)的变化确定其最后的存在形式。研究结果表明:用模板法制备的TiO_2光催化剂具有花瓣状结构、粒度均匀且均为纳米级,铈掺杂的TiO_2在紫外和日光条件下较纯TiO_2对亚甲基蓝溶液具有更好的光催化降解效果。甲基蓝降解终产物为CO_2和H_2O,且该结构TiO_2易于离心分离去除。     

水热法制备磁性纳米α-Fe2O3改性涤纶织物

以硝酸铁和草酸为原料,在去离子水溶液中采用水热法直接在涤纶织物纤维表面包覆纳米α-Fe2O3颗粒.采用单因素分析方法,研究硝酸铁浓度、反应温度和时间,分散剂种类和用量,氢氧化钠刻蚀和偶联剂改性对纳米α-Fe2O3包覆涤纶织物的影响,并借助扫描电镜、X射线衍射和振动样品磁强计对涤纶纤维改性后表面形貌、结构和磁性能进行了表征.结果表明,涤纶织物经过水热改性之后,纤维表面的附着物为赤铁矿纳米α-Fe2O3颗粒,晶粒大小在21.9nm左右,织物饱和磁化强度为0.003 2emu.g-1,矫顽力为203.0Oe.硝酸铁和草酸制备纳米α-Fe2O3包覆涤纶织物最佳工艺为:硝酸铁与草酸摩尔比为2∶3,硝酸铁用量0.03mol/l,反应温度150℃,反应时间4h.氢氧化钠刻蚀或者A-151(乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷)偶联改性能够增加织物表面纳米α-Fe2O3包覆量.     

纳米TiO2/玻璃薄膜光催化降解亚甲基蓝的研究

用溶胶 -凝胶法在玻璃表面制备了均匀透明的纳米TiO2 薄膜 .采用高压汞灯为光源 ,敞口固定床反应器对水中染料亚甲基蓝进行了光催化氧化实验 .实验结果表明 :随着涂膜次数的增加 ,薄膜TiO2 负载量增加 ,锐钛矿晶相粒径增大 .TiO2 薄膜对亚甲基蓝氧化降解具有较高的光催化活性 ,降解反应符合一级速率方程 .对亚甲基蓝的暗态吸附及光催化降解机理作了初步探讨     

囊包多酸的金属有机纳米笼的机械研磨法制备及其催化降解染料性能

利用机械研磨法,选用钛取代的Keggin型磷钨酸、醋酸铜以及有机配体均苯三甲酸为主要原料,制备了一种新型囊包多酸金属-有机纳米笼催化剂材料,并通过红外光谱、粉末X射线衍射及氮气吸附等技术进行了表征.再以所制备的材料为光催化剂考察了其光催化降解亚甲基蓝染料的性能,经过250 W汞灯照射加入催化剂的亚甲基蓝溶液60 min后,亚甲基蓝的降解率达86%;而相同实验条件不加催化剂的空白亚甲基蓝溶液的染料降解率仅为28%.该实验结果说明所制备材料是一种潜在的高效催化剂,可望应用于光催化降解工业染料废水.     

TiO_2/x-GO纳米复合纤维的制备及其光催化性能的研究

为了提高TiO_2半导体的光催化性能,以钛酸四丁酯为钛源,氧化石墨烯(GO)粉末为添加剂,制备了不同GO浓度的前驱体溶液,然后采用静电纺丝法制备了TiO_2/x-GO纳米复合纤维。利用XRD,SEM表征分析了纳米复合纤维的物相结构、成分、结晶性和微观形貌。将纳米复合纤维加入亚甲基蓝溶液中,以可见光照射条件下亚甲基蓝的光催化降解率来表征纳米复合纤维的光催化性能。结果表明:添加GO粉末可降低TiO_2的团聚,提高其在纤维中的分散性,增大TiO_2/x-GO纳米复合纤维的比表面积;GO与TiO_2形成的异质结有利于提高TiO_2纳米复合纤维的结晶性和光催化性能。TiO_2/2-GO的光催化效果达到最佳,降解60 min时可达到99%的降解率。此外,使用静电纺丝制备的TiO_2/x-GO纳米复合纤维可避免TiO_2在使用过程的损耗而造成的浪费,更好地满足工业废水处理的需求。     

纳米ZnO对涤纶织物抗紫外线整理

应用钛酸酯偶联剂对ZnO纳米粉进行了表面改性，使用改性后的纳米ZnO处理涤纶织物，测试了涤纶织物的紫外线透过性能及对亚甲基蓝的光催化能力，借助SEM、DSC和FT-IR等测试手段，对ZnO纳米粉和涤纶纤维与偶联剂的结合性能进行了表征与分析。试验结果表明，在偶联剂作用下，涤纶织物经纳米粉处理，抗紫外线能力得到增强，ZnO纳米粉为薄片状结构，主要分布在涤纶纤维之间，偶联剂与纳米粉发生了偶联结合，而纳米粉通过偶联剂以物理吸附方式附着在涤纶纤维表面。     

纳米Ti02／玻璃薄膜光催化降解亚甲基蓝的研究

用溶胶—凝胶法在玻璃表面制备了均匀透明的纳米TiO2薄膜．采用高压汞灯为光源，敞口固定床反应器对水中染料亚甲基蓝进行了光催化氧化实验．实验结果表明：随着涂膜次数的增加，薄膜TiO2负载量增加，锐钛矿晶相粒径增大．TiO2薄膜对亚甲基蓝氧化降解具有较高的光催化活性，降解反应符合一级速率方程．对亚甲基蓝的暗态吸附及光催化降解机理作了初步探讨。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the