纯铁表面纳米化处理对钛离子注的影响

通过表面机械研磨处理在纯铁表层（约10μm厚）可制备出无污染的约的纳米晶组织,平均晶粒尺寸可达10～25nm.利用金属蒸汽弧离子注入机对表面纳米化处理前后的试样进行了钛离子注入.结果表明,注入Ti元素浓度在经过表面纳米化处理的样品要比在未经处理的样品中有很大的提高.主要原因可能是在经过表面纳米化处理过的试样表面层有更多的缺陷（包括过饱和的空位、位错和非平衡晶界）以及由于压应力场的存在,注入原子与这些缺陷的交互作用增加了Ti在Fe中的固溶度.对注入深度变化不大的原因也做了分析.     

离子注入对Cr4Mo4V轴承钢摩擦学性能的影响

在Cr4Mo4V轴承钢表面等离子体浸没注入(PIII)了氮离子(N+)、类金刚石(DLC)、碳化钛(TiC),测量了处理前后试样表面的显微硬度,在干摩擦条件下进行了与Si3N4陶瓷球对磨的摩擦学实验,通过光学显微镜观察了磨损表面形貌,分析了磨损机理。结果表明:离子注入后显微硬度明显增大,注入TiC的试样增幅最大,达到54.7%;注入TiC的试样摩擦系数下降到约0.2,最小磨痕宽度减小了50%;未处理和注入N+试样的磨损机理主要以粘着磨损为主,但注入N+试样磨损程度有所减轻;注入DLC和TiC的试样主要磨损机理以疲劳磨损为主;离子注入TiC表面改性的表面综合性能最好,其次为注入DLC、注入N+。     

Mo离子注入钢退火过程中的相变研究

着重研究了金属离子注入合成表面优化复合层的机理和纳米相镶嵌结构形成,探索了注入和退火过程中纳米结构和相变过程,讨论相变机制.实验中发现用较低束流密度的Mo离子注入钢明显地改变了钢表面的结构,可使钢表面晶粒细化,使阻止位错移动的晶界数量增多;可在钢表面形成Mo原子超饱和固溶体;随所用的束流密度的增加,注入时表面温度升高,注入的Mo原子将与钢中的铁原子和碳原子化合而形成纳米尺寸的析出相.这些弥散的析出相在钢表面形成了弥散强化.用低束流密度注入后经过退火,在钢表面也形成了纳米尺寸的析出相,从而增加了表面弥散强化的效果.随退火温度的增高,纳米析出相将会聚成大一些的纳米颗粒,颗粒之间互相连接而形成网状结构,这将会进一步增加表面强化效果.     

Ag离子注入聚合物表面形貌原子力显微镜观察及其特性研究

采用MEVVA离子注入机引出的Ag离子进行了聚酯薄膜改性研究,注入后的聚酯膜表面结构发生了很大的变化,用原子力显微镜观察了注入样品表面形貌的变化,表面粗糙度与注量密切相关。透射电子显微镜观察注入聚酯膜的横截面表明,随注量的增加,在注入层形成了纳米颗粒和富集的碳颗粒。这些颗粒增强了注入层表面强化效果。注入层表面电阻率随注量的增加而明显地下降,用纳米硬度计测量显示,Ag离子注入可明显地提高聚酯膜表面硬度和弹性模量,从而极大地增强了表面抗磨损特性。讨论了Ag离子注入聚酯膜改善特性的机理。     

纳米晶铜中离子注入碳后的组织结构研究

对纯铜进行表面机械研磨处理（SMAT）,获得纳米晶表层,且晶粒尺寸沿深度方向逐渐增大。采用离子注入技术在纳米晶纯铜中注入碳,利用透射电子显微镜（TEM）与高分辨电子显微镜（HRTEM）进行原位动态观察。结果表明,碳在基体的表面析出,形成无定形碳膜,在电子束的照射下形成洋葱状富勒烯。同时讨论了离子注入、电子束照射、纳米晶结构及碳原子与铜原子的相互作用对碳洋葱状富勒烯形成的影响。     

Zr离子注入对NiTi形状记忆合金表面硬度和耐磨性影响

研究了Zr离子注入参数(注入剂量和注入电流)对NiTi形状记忆合金表面成分、形貌、硬度和耐磨性的影响.发现Zr离子注入后,Zr离子浓度在NiTi合金表面呈高斯分布,同时降低了合金表面的Ni含量.Zr离子注入后合金表面形貌出现沟槽结构,合金外表层纳米硬度、杨氏模量和显微硬度明显提高.摩擦磨损实验结果表明,Zr离子注入降低了NiTi合金初始摩擦因数,显著延长了维持初始低摩擦因数的时间,同时使磨痕的宽度和深度分别减小了30%～50%和28%～50%.因此,选择适当的注入参数可以使NiTi合金获得最佳的耐摩擦磨损性能.     

纳米SiO2/聚丙烯酸酯组装杂化乳液的合成及表征

通过乳液聚合法成功合成了纳米SiO2／聚丙烯酸酯杂化乳液。首先将纳米SiO2经过表面官能团化处理，使其表面含有活性官能团，然后经过乳液聚合使丙烯酸酯单体在纳米SiO2表面引发聚合，合成了具有核壳结构的纳米杂化乳液。采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)对乳液的微观结构进行了表征，并对胶膜进行了机械力学性能测试和表面润湿性能测试。结果表明纳米SiO2的表面官能团化处理改善了纳米粒子在乳液中的稳定性，当纳米SiO2质量分数为0．2％时，杂化乳液胶膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率同时达到最大值。其表面润湿性与SiO2质量分数有关，SiO2质量分数为0．5％时其杂化乳胶膜的接触角最大，耐水性最好。     

Mo离子注入Al_2O_3的表面改性

研究Ｍｏ离子注入Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３表面机械性能的变化及产生变化的原因，结果表明，Ｍｏ离子的注入，在Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３表面产生辐射损伤，使表面残余应力、表面硬度及断裂韧性提高；注入剂量Ｄ＞１×１０￣１７ｃｍ￣－２时，随着离子注入剂量增加，表层开始非晶化，导致表面残余应力及硬度下降，而断裂韧性仍继续得到改善。     

表面纳米化对7055铝合金耐磨性能的影响

为了研究表面纳米化对7055铝合金耐磨性能的影响,利用高能喷丸(High Energy Shot Peening, HESP)技术对7055铝合金材料进行表面纳米化处理,在7055铝合金表面获得纳米结构。利用透射电镜分析纳米化前后微观组织的变化,同时对纳米化材料表层进行残余应力及显微硬度测定,并采用球盘磨损试验机研究了纳米化表面对固定载荷条件下7055铝合金材料磨损性能的影响。结果表明：表面纳米化使7055铝合金材料表面发生严重塑性变形,材料表面分布较高幅值残余压应力,最大可达到-369MPa, 残余压应力层深度达0.6mm;纳米化后试样显微硬度较基体提高了50%。摩擦磨损实验表明：表面纳米化从一定程度降低了7055铝合金材料表面摩擦系数,且磨损失重是未处理试样的32%,表明高能喷丸表面纳米化有效改善了7055铝合金材料的耐磨性能。     

Q235钢在青霉菌作用下的腐蚀行为和电化学特性

采用表面分析技术、失重法及电化学测试方法研究了Q235钢在青霉菌(Penicillium)作用下的腐蚀行为和电化学特性.青霉菌在Q235钢表面形成致密的生物膜和腐蚀产物沉积膜层.青霉菌促进Q235钢的腐蚀,腐蚀类型为点蚀坑.青霉菌体系中试样表面膜经历由游离态变为固着态,由单层逐渐变为多层的过程;生物膜作用与细菌活性有关,当活性降低时微生物腐蚀促进作用也大幅降低.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that