MnO2/碳纳米球电化学超级电容器电极材料的制备与性能研究

利用水热法合成了纳米棒状的MnO_2/碳纳米球(CNPs)作为电化学超级电容器的电极材料.利用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、X射线衍射光谱分析(XRD)对样品的微观形貌、物相进行分析;利用循环伏安法和恒电流充放电测试材料的电化学性能.结果表明:纳米棒状MnO_2/CNPs复合材料具有良好的电化学性能.在0.1 A/g的电流密度,1 mol/L Na_2SO_4电解液中,电极材料的比电容高达305.6 F/g,远高于纯碳球的比电容(49.3 F/g),当电流密度增至5 A/g时,材料的比电容为235 F/g,比电容仍能保持76.9%.     

二茂铁-肽Fc-Lys-Leu-Val-OCH_3的合成及电化学性质

以二茂铁、亮氨酸、缬氨酸和赖氨酸为原料,苯并三唑-1-四甲基六氟磷酸酯(HBTU)及1-羟基苯并三唑(HOBt)为缩合剂,采用液相合成法,合成了Fc-Lys-LeuVal-OCH3(简称Fc-KLV,其中Fc:ferrocenoyl,二茂铁).用柱层析分离纯化得到目标化合物,并对目标化合物进行紫外和核磁表征以确证其结构.Fc-KLV的循环伏安扫描结果表明,在0.4~0.8 V范围内出现了一对可逆的氧化还原峰,氧化峰和还原峰电位分别为624 m V和546 m V,峰电位之差ΔEp为78 m V,峰电流密度之比Ipa/Ipc=1.12,扩散系数D=1.782×10-6cm2/s,表明相应的电化学过程主要受扩散控制.     

DC反应磁控溅射制备VO2薄膜及XPS分析

文章通过改变玻璃基温度和靶基间距,采用m(O2)/m(A r)为1∶12.5,溅射功率为190 W,工作真空度为2.2 Pa,用DC磁控溅射法在玻璃基上沉积VO2薄膜,并经真空退火处理,制备的试样通过XPS测试分析薄膜表面的元素组成及成分。测试分析结果表明,基片温度在室温或超过350℃,易于生成VO2薄膜,真空退火可以显著改善制备薄膜的氧缺陷,提高V与O的化学计量比。     

Fe_2P_2O_7制备锂离子电池正极材料LiFePO_4的碳包覆优化研究

利用Fe_2P_2O_7和碳酸锂为原材料,并通过不同的碳包覆合成LiFePO_4/C复合材料.利用XRD、SEM、碳硫分析仪、恒流充放电法和循环伏安对产物的组成、结构、形貌和电化学性能进行测试,确定含碳量为2.45wt%的LiFePO_4/C复合材料具有更好的电化学性能.实验结果表明,在0.1C倍率下,锂离子电池的放电比容量为130.49 m Ah/g,在1C倍率下,锂离子电池的放电比容量为108.58 m Ah/g.     

DC反应磁控溅射制备VO2薄膜及XPS分析

文章通过改变玻璃基温度和靶基间距,采用m(O2)/m(Ar)为112.5,溅射功率为190 W,工作真空度为2.2 Pa,用DC磁控溅射法在玻璃基上沉积VO2薄膜,并经真空退火处理,制备的试样通过XPS测试分析薄膜表面的元素组成及成分.测试分析结果表明,基片温度在室温或超过350℃,易于生成VO2薄膜,真空退火可以显著改善制备薄膜的氧缺陷,提高V与O的化学计量比.     

NiCo2O4/RGO复合材料的制备及其电化学性能

采用两步水热法制备NiCo₂O₄/RGO复合材料,并对其电化学性能进行研究.研究结果表明,当电流密度为1 A/g时,NiCo₂O₄/RGO复合材料的比电容高达2 332.40 F/g,约是NiCo₂O₄材料的3倍,当电流密度增加至10 A/g时,其比电容还能保持为1 127.22 F/g,表现出优异的倍率性能.这归因于复合材料特殊的多孔蓬松结构,有效增加了材料的比表面积,NiCo₂O₄的比表面积为56.488 0 cm²/g,而NiCo₂O₄/RGO复合材料的比表面积高达188.604 2 cm²/g,能够提供更多的反应活性位点,同时RGO能够有效提高材料的导电性,两者之间的协同作用使得电化学性能大幅提升.     

VO~(2+)/H~+在阳离子交换膜中的吸附平衡

为指导高性能钒电池隔膜材料选择和制备,研究VO2+/H+体系在阳离子交换膜中的吸附平衡。引入选择性因数表征吸附平衡并考虑膜内水含量的影响,建立较高浓度时的吸附平衡关系,对3种阳离子交换膜进行吸附实验。结果表明:选择性因数的对数值与溶液中VO2+摩尔分数之间存在线性关系;吸附平衡时膜内水含量越少,VO2+在膜内的吸附量越小,选择性因数小,其中PE01膜的选择性因数最小,具有较强的阻隔VO2+的能力。溶液中H+浓度对选择性因数影响较大,H+浓度提高,VO2+选择性因数增大,VO2+相对选择性吸附增强。     

水热合成VO_2(B)带状结构的生长机理研究

以V2O5和草酸为原料,水热合成了VO2(B)带状结构.采用XRD,SEM,TEM和HRTEM等技术对不同水热条件下所得产物进行了表征,根据不同反应条件下产物的结构和形貌推断了VO2(B)带状结构的生长机理.结果表明:在水热反应过程中,V2O5首先和草酸反应生成V6O13,随着水热反应时间的延长,V6O13继续和草酸反应生成VO2(B),且最初生成的VO2(B)为杂乱无章的片状堆积结构,随着水热反应时间的延长,片状结构逐渐转化为长度约为1μm,宽度约为100～200 nm的带状结构,其晶格条纹间距约为0.51 nm.     

柚皮活性炭/纳米Fe_2O_3的制备及其在超级电容器中的应用

具有高比表面积和低成本的活性炭是理想的超级电容器电极材料,但其作为电极材料时与金属氧化物电极相比电荷储存能力有所不足,因此通过对活性炭进行改性以提高其比电容成为研究焦点.以柚皮为碳源、硝酸铁为铁源制备柚皮活性炭/纳米Fe_2O_3复合材料,并通过系统表征研究其形态、结构和电化学性能.结果表明:引入纳米Fe_2O_3提高了活性炭的电化学性能,在电流密度为1A/g时,活性炭的比电容为159.6F/g,而复合材料的比电容增至276.0F/g;此外在对称超级电容器中,360W/kg功率密度下的复合材料获得了9.39Wh/kg的能量密度.     

自组装CaCO3模板法合成锂离子电池负极材料SnO2@voids@C-SnO及改性研究

基于CaCO₃模板法制备出具有三维分级多孔碳骨架结构SnO₂@voids@C-SnO材料，并通过溶胶凝胶法进行Ni的添加.利用XRD和SEM对所得产物的晶体结构和微观形貌进行表征，并对电池进行电化学性能测试.结果表明，SnO₂@voids@C-SnO材料在电流密度50 mA·g^-1时首次放电比容量为1 092 mAh·g^-1.添加Ni可以有效增加负极材料的比容量.当Ni质量分数达到25%时，材料的首次放电比容量达到1 414.6 mAh·g^-1,70次循环后的放电比容量仍能保持617 mAh·g^-1,倍率性能优良.这主要是因为Ni的添加在一定程度上避免了纳米粒子的团聚，缓解了体积膨胀带来的影响，明显改善了负极材料的电化学性能.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that