The Actions of Mahabharat (an Indian Epic): An Analysis from Action Science Perspective

This paper analyses the actions of Mahabharat from the point of view of action science. From the point of view of action science, the source of the problem of Mahabharat is the undiscussable issue of who should be the king of Hastinapur. The paper then analyses the actions of different actors of this epic. It concludes that Yudhishthir displays the Model I governing value of ‘minimize generating or expressing negative feelings’. Duryodhan displays the Model I governing value of ‘maximize winning and minimize losing’. Vidur, Bhishm and Dronacharya display the Model I governing value of ‘be rational’. Together these actors create the ‘limited learning system’ of Model O-I. The primary inhibitory loops created by this limited learning system finally lead to secondary inhibitory loop of polarisation of different actors into two groups and the emergence of win-lose group dynamics in the form of war as the only action which can settle the original undiscussable issue of who should be the king of Hastinapur.     

Evaluating Climate Change Discourse in New Zealand

Issues of social responsibility, ethics and interdependence, as well as the pragmatic imperative to better understand complexity, require that diverse viewpoints be invited and given credence by policy makers seeking imaginative ‘solutions’ to climate change. This paper explores the statutory introduction of biofuels into New Zealand by way of the discourses that preceded this decision. This inquiry used Critically Systemic Thinking and ‘Mode 2’ Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) to engage with multiple stakeholders to the Biofuels policy to discover how the discourse was conducted. It concludes that the process of policymaking was framed in technical rationalist terms thereby favouring certain ‘worldviews’ over others. Accordingly, a model of ‘ideal’ discourse and decision making for governing the conduct of future public discourse is presented. This inquiry assists in re-establishing SSM as a rigorous and reflexive approach to analysing a complex issue and for enhancing collective learning into its content and process.     

基于SoSE的装备体系RMS论证方法研究

装备体系可靠性、维修性、保障性(reliability-maintainability-supportability,RMS)是装备体系作战效能发挥的基础。体系工程中需求开发过程从能力要求分析开始,然后进行体系结构建模并基于体系结构给出需求方案。装备体系RMS论证即是对装备体系RMS能力要求进行分析并提出RMS指标,也遵循这一过程。首先,基于SoSE需求开发过程和装备体系特点给出装备体系RMS论证框架。接着,基于质量功能展开方法给出装备体系RMS能力要求分析过程,从装备体系使命任务出发,建立装备体系RMS能力要求映射模型,并提出相应的RMS能力指标求解方法。然后,基于面向RMS的装备体系结构框架,将RMS能力分析得出的初步RMS能力指标作为输入,基于多智能体仿真技术提出美国国防部体系架构驱动的装备体系RMS仿真框架,从而通过仿真权衡论证出最终的装备体系RMS指标。最后,对典型使命任务下的航母装备体系舰载机保障过程进行了案例分析。     

An Assessment of the Application of ‘Critical Systems Heuristics’ to a Policy Development Process

Through the presentation and analysis of a case study of a policymaking process for the quality assurance of higher education by an external government agency, this paper seeks to highlight the contribution of Ulrich’s critical systems heuristics as a method for enhancing the social rationality of policymaking. It is claimed that the use of CSH enabled the researcher to elicit rich qualitative data that captured different world-views, values and boundary judgments of social actors representing the different groups of stakeholders involved in or affected by the policy. The use of CSH contributed to a policy settlement that involved substantial improvement to the reformulated policies. However, it is argued that, in the context of a new democracy with a weak public sphere, CSH was unable to counter the unequal power relations between the government agency and the universities and the historical-political fractures of South African society that caused divisions within and across Ulrich’s social roles.

基于QFD和组合赋权TOPSIS的体系贡献率能效评估

武器装备体系贡献率是指单件装备在武器装备体系或作战体系构成中,按照体系的总目标和运行规律,对体系的整体性能(如体系作战能力或作战效能)贡献的大小。首先建立能力效能综合的贡献率评估框架,在此框架下提出层次化的体系贡献率评估思路。然后借助面向关系的质量功能展开量化矩阵方法,将仿真实验中能力/效能度量指标数据映射到需求度量矩阵,再以度量集对需求集的敏感度和拟合优度作为依据,构建度量指标的组合权重。最后,利用逼近理想解排序法对体系方案贡献度进行排序,并以无人集群执行火力打击任务作为算例,验证了该方法的可行性。     

网络节点(集)重要性的一种度量指标

度量网络节点(集)的重要性一直是社会网络分析领域和系统科学研究领域的一个值得研究的问题。系统科学的研究方法用网络的连通性来反映系统某种功能的完整性，通过度量节点删除对网络连通的破坏程度来反映网络节点(集)的重要性．但目前这一思想并没有得到真正意义上的量化，如果不考虑连通分支的大小和形状，就不能很好地反映出不同节点或不同网络之间在结构和位置特性上的差异。本文用节点(集)被删除后形成的所有不连通节点对之间的距离(最短路)的倒教之和来反应节点删除对网络连通的破坏程度即所删节点(集)的重要性。这一工作使重要性等价于破坏性的思想得到了精细的量化。     

基于碳排放与速度优化的带时间窗车辆路径问题

研究了考虑碳排放和速度优化的带时间窗车辆路径问题,引入了基于速度的碳排放计算方法,以油耗、碳排旅行时间费用最小化为目标,将速度作为决策变量,建立了混合整数规划模型. 提出了两阶段启发式算法,第一阶段采用改进的禁忌搜索算法优化配送网络中的速度,第二阶段设计了弧段速度优化算法用于优化路径弧段上的速寻求对最优解的进一步改进. 数值实验分析表明: ①两阶段启发式算法能快速有效地找到满意解; ②采用优度的路径安排比固定速度的路径安排能减少更多的碳排放和总费用; ③碳排放和旅行时间之间存在替换关系,减少碳排放会导致旅行时间的增加; ④传统的车辆路径安排中存在很大的碳排放改进空间,由于油耗和碳排放是相关的,减少碳排放有利于节约总费用.     

Threshold proxy re-signature

The focus of this paper is to design an efficient and secure solution addressing the semi trusted issue in proxy re-signature schemes, i.e., the proxy knows the re-signature key from user A to user B, so he is able to translate any signatures made by user A to user B, which damages the essential requirement (“non-repudiation” property) of proxy re-signature schemes. In this paper, the authors first define the security model for threshold proxy re-signature scheme, and then propose two threshold proxy re-signature schemes based on Ateniese-Hohenberger’s and Shao-Cao-Wang-Liang’s approach.     

网络体系效能评估改进FDNA模型

网络体系(system of system, SoS)的效能评估是SoS建设和分析的重点问题。传统功能依赖网络分析(functional dependency network analysis, FDNA)方法可以展示SoS“松散耦合”特性, 但缺乏对组件系统的运行独立性、效能衰减性、拓扑规律性等特征的关注。针对此, 在考虑多态问题的基础上, 通过Markov过程分析, 推导组件系统的自主效能衰减函数与系数, 改进了传统方法中的固定参数, 求得节点的动态效能值。在界定“相关SoS”概念的基础上, 计算组件系统可靠度的重要度, 识别关键节点, 构建网络SoS效能评估函数。以五节点航天SoS为例, 演示评估过程并验证了方法的可行性。     

SERVICE VALUE NETWORKS： VALUE, PERFORMANCE AND STRATEGY FOR THE SERVICES INDUSTRY

1. Introduction The services industry provides services notgoods (Hughes and Mitchell et al., 1993). Thisindustry is moving towards globalization(Kathawala and Abdou, 2003). In 1870 theservice sector employed slightly more than 20%of the U.S.…     

基于顺次分配机制的无人装备体系架构方案空间搜索方法

当前战争愈加复杂, 如何设计和选择最优无人装备体系以完成使命是一项难题。针对该问题, 提出一种无人装备体系架构超网络模型和一种方案空间搜索算法。首先, 基于作战能力生成要素给出了无人装备体系形式化描述框架。其次, 提出了无人装备体系架构方案空间搜索问题框架, 其目标是寻找到使预期收益最大化和使累积成本最小化的最优架构。然后, 提出了一种基于顺次分配机制的最优架构方案动态搜索算法。最后, 通过仿真实验检验了该算法。实验结果表明,该算法明显优于其他几种基准算法,提出的架构框架和方案空间搜索算法具有辅助决策的价值。     

‘SoS call’ at the other edge of chaos

The focus of this study is to understand and pave the way to build theory of System of Systems (SoS). The authors try to marshal the established thoughts and develop new insights to shed light on the topic. Although the research thrashes the proposed rudimentary concepts, yet they are important to caste clarity to lay the concrete foundation for the emerging concept of SoS. The first part of the paper discusses about the conceptual milieu of SoS. It tries to help resolve their identity crisis by proposing two edges of chaos. SoS and monolithic systems self-organize at two opposite edges. Then the research work defines SoS locus on extended system of systems methodology (E-SoSM) framework, and dissects it to decode its contradictory and aberrant behavior. Upon this understanding, the second part traces out the incapacitation of traditional military techniques for asymmetric warfare, typifying with a friendly fire incident of the current Afghan War. Seeing through this lens, conjures up that military SoS and anti SoS (enemy) fight to annihilate each other during the clashes of systems of systems in the theater of war.     

Feminist Systems Theory: Learning by Praxis

Feminist Systems Theory (FST) is an emerging theory grounded in cultural ecofeminism and critical systems theory. FST’s contribution is in a set of principles that contain implications for community development and social research. FST brings to the fore the importance of valuing and considering the voices of people at the margins of social research and community development projects and is an effort towards a new ontology and language of person and nature to adequately address environmental marginalization. The ‘systems’ theory contribution to FST enriches our repertoires of methods and tools with an emphasis on systems thinking characterised by the use of boundary analysis. FST is ideally situated to enhance systemic intervention practice, an application of action research and participatory research practices. This paper will examine ‘process philosophy’ necessary to understand the nature of boundary analysis and the implications for FST and praxis with relevant examples drawn from case studies of current applications of FST in action research settings; (1) economic analysis and transition pathways; (2) policy analysis of the Close the Gap strategy for Indigenous equality and equity in Australia; (3) a community food distribution system; and, (4) a community health and diabetes prevention program.     

基于低碳视角的两阶段开放式选址路径问题——燃油车与电动车对比

针对传统两阶段开放式选址-路径问题（2E-OLRP），考虑速度和负载对能量消耗和CO₂排放的影响，基于燃油车和电动车的行驶与排放特性，分别建立了燃油车和电动车的两阶段开放式选址路径问题模型，并提出一种改进的模拟退火算法对两种模型进行求解.为验证本文模型与算法的有效性和实用性，进行了3种对比分析：两种模型与传统2E-OLRP模型的对比；两种模型的算法求解结果与精确解的对比；两种模型经济成本与排放成本的对比.结果表明：两种模型与传统2E-OLRP模型相比，均具有明显优势；所提出的算法能快速有效的求解此类模型；就运输活动而言，与燃油车相比，电动车能节约3.44%的总成本、减少74.03%的CO₂排放量.以上研究结果可为物流企业在运输配送中的节能减排提供决策支持.     

基于CRC-MATE的体系架构方案选择

现代战争正逐步转向体系对抗,为了顺利实现系统集成并形成联合作战能力,需要在设计论证阶段筛选较为优化的体系架构方案,即选择合适的系统组合及其系统间的依赖关系。针对体系能力与组件系统能力的非线性关系, 不确定性导致的体系能力降级风险以及成本约束等问题, 提出基于功能依赖网络的体系能力计算法, 基于条件风险价值的体系风险度量法以及基于系统工程全流程的体系成本估算法。由此构建“能力-风险-成本”的三维多属性权衡空间探索模型。以海上防空反导体系为例, 明晰了权衡空间探索模型的构建步骤, 验证了该方法的可行性和有效性, 为作战体系建设过程中的方案选择提供了新思路。     

基于平行执行的装备体系涌现行为导向性方法

装备体系作战能力是指装备系统之间交互作用而在宏观层面表现出来的一种体系行为。装备系统间微观层面交互关系及其相互影响的复杂性,为体系作战能力的生成带来了巨大的不确定性。引导在体系层面上生成的涌现行为为体系目标的实现而服务是体系工程研究的一个关键问题。借鉴平行执行方法,提出了一种体系作战能力导向涌现的可行方法,将平行执行方法与系统交互行为及关系分析结合在一起,能够有效支撑体系作战能力的生成与发展,为在现有技术手段下探索新的武器装备体系建设提供参考。     

基于系统动力学的装备体系贡献率评估方法

装备体系贡献率评估对于装备体系建设至关重要。由于在研究不同装备对装备体系的影响时装备体系具有涌现性，从而使得评估装备体系贡献率变得困难。为此,在对装备体系结构与效能指标分析的基础上,对装备体系效能的涌现进行了分析,并利用系统动力学模型进行装备体系效能仿真评估,提出了装备贡献率评价方法。最后,通过导弹装备体系贡献率评估进行了案例分析,对所提方法进行了验证。本文基于系统动力学对装备体系贡献率进行定性定量结合的仿真分析方法，可以给装备体系贡献率评估提供借鉴。     

基于结构建模的装备体系结构可靠性混合模型

针对武器装备体系复杂多样的特点,从结构角度分析了装备体系可靠性。在体系结构层次划分的基础上,提出了一种兼具无标度和小世界特性的混合模型描述体系结构。在随机故障和蓄意攻击两种失效模式下,对本文建立的混合模型和无标度（Albert-lásló Barabasi and Réka Albert, BA）模型、小世界（word small, WS）模型的结构可靠度进行对比分析。结果表明,3种模型结构可靠度随失效率增加均呈现不同程度下降,而混合模型下降最缓慢。因此,使用该混合模型对武器装备体系结构可靠度进行评估是可行的,有利于为保护体系关键节点和链路提供决策依据,从而进一步优化体系结构。     

多类型体系贡献率评估的综合问题研究

在体系化作战背景下, 体系贡献率成为评估装备价值的准则。随着实践和研究的深入, 决策中存在多类型体系贡献率综合问题。本文对多类型体系贡献率的产生机理进行详细论述, 并进一步通过数理分析, 在多样化目标特性与目标层次化特性两种情形下, 剖析多类型贡献率综合存在的计算问题。本文给出了3种多类型贡献率综合计算模型, 包括过程终点求解、基于多目标优化的求解、基于贴合度的求解, 并对三者进行案例说明与比较分析。研究表明,多类型体系贡献率不宜通过线性加权直接综合,而应在不同场景下采取适当的分析模型。     

CUSTOMER EQUITY： MAKING MARKETING STRATEGY FINANCIALLY ACCOUNTABLE

1. Introduction The long-term value of a firm is largelydetermined by the value of the company’scustomer relationships, which result in thefirm’s ‘customer equity’ (Blattberg andDeighton 1996), defined by Rust, Lemon andZeithaml (2000, p.4…