纳米二氧化钛光催化剂的涂料固载及光催化性能

以有机硅改性丙烯酸树脂为粘合剂,脂肪族聚异氰酸酯为交联剂,用制备涂料的方法固载纳米二氧化钛(TiO₂)光催化剂。在粘合剂质量分数为42%,交联剂质量分数为7%,且—OH 基与—NCO的摩尔比接近1,纳米TiO₂质量分数为5%的优化条件下,制得纳米TiO₂光催化涂料。测定了以该涂料制备的光催化反应器的使用性能。结果表明,该涂料性能稳定,对难降解的青霉素制药废水的催化降解效果优良,以该涂料固载的纳米TiO₂的光催化活性接近于分散态的纳米TiO₂。     

PMMA/TiO2纳米复合粒子的制备及初步应用研究

采用原位乳液聚合法，用经硅烷偶联剂处理过的纳米TiO₂，与MMA单体混合，合成PMMA/TiO₂纳米复合粒子。探讨了TiO₂表面改性机理， 并用TG、IR、DSC等对产物进行了表征，表明纳米TiO₂被包覆在聚合物PMMA中。将复合粒子加入紫外光固化涂料，制得复合涂膜。由原子力显微镜照片分析，制备的PMMA/ TiO₂复合粒子平均粒径约为75nm。分别在涂膜中添加等量的纳米TiO₂和PMMA/ TiO₂纳米复合粒子，制成两张复合涂膜，比较发现PMMA/ TiO₂纳米复合粒子在涂膜中的分散情况优于纳米TiO₂，呈现良好的纳米级分散，明显改善了TiO₂与涂膜的相容性，从而提高了涂膜的硬度及涂膜与基材的附着力。     

TiO2多孔性薄膜的制备及其环境净化性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶工艺，以聚乙二醇（PEG）为造孔剂，不锈钢丝网为金属基底，制备了TiO₂多孔性薄膜。通过IR，SEM，BET，Raman光谱等测试方法对TiO₂多孔性薄膜进行了表征。实验结果表明,通过控制制备条件得到的TiO₂薄膜具有锐钛矿晶型和多孔性结构。TiO₂多孔性薄膜的光催化性能与煅烧温度和镀膜次数密切相关。450℃热处理、镀膜4次的TiO₂多孔性薄膜具有较高的活性和稳定性，其对气相甲醛的降解率比普通TiO₂薄膜高28.8%，在TiO₂多孔性薄膜连续使用4次后，甲醛的降解率仍维持在80%以上。     

低温合成TiO2/Fe3O4磁载光催化剂的光催化性能研究

采用化学共沉淀法合成的磁性纳米Fe₃O₄为磁核,以钛酸四丁酯为原料,通过溶胶-凝胶法,在较低温度下合成了TiO₂/Fe₃O₄磁性光催化剂。利用XRD、TEM、SEM-EDX等分析方法对合成催化剂的相组成、形貌、粒度、元素分布等进行了表征;研究了不同焙烧温度及TiO₂/Fe₃O₄比例对降解罗丹明B光催化活性及磁分离回收性能的影响。结果表明,在100、300和450 ℃焙烧温度下磁性光催化剂的催化活性依次降低,较低温度(100 ℃)制备的催化剂具备较高的催化活性;当TiO₂质量分数处于67.3%～73.0%时,催化剂既具有较高的光催化降解活性也具有较好的磁分离回收性能;光催化剂TiO₂/Fe₃O₄（100 ℃,TiO₂质量分数70%）在循环使用5次后,在降解75 min时仍能达到对罗丹明B 99%的脱色率和90%的回收率。     

AuNPs/PEI/GO纳米复合物修饰电极的制备及电化学应用

利用高分子聚合物壳聚糖链上富含的氨基修饰石墨烯,制备了具有独特性质的石墨烯基纳米复合材料,并利用壳聚糖对金纳米粒子良好的保护作用,使金纳米粒子固载到石墨烯纳米复合材料的表面,合成了一种具有生物相容性的金纳米粒子/氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料.同时,利用UV-vis、FT-IR、Zeta电位仪、XRD粉末衍射仪、TEM等对所制备石墨烯基纳米复合材料进行了表征.结果表明,PEI/GO/GC,AuNPs/PEI/GO/GC修饰电极对H2O2具有更好的电化学催化性能.     

还原法制备银纳米粒子/氧化石墨烯的纳米复合物及其表征

基于聚乙烯亚胺高分子链上富含氨基这一特性,用绿色还原法制备了聚乙烯亚胺/石墨烯(PEI/GO)纳米复合材料,然后利用未反应的氨基对银离子的还原作用和银纳米粒子的保护作用,将银纳米粒子固载到PEI/GO纳米复合物表面,制备了AgNPs/PEI/GO复合物.研究了反应时间和银离子浓度对所制备的银纳米复合材料的影响,并利用红外光谱、紫外光谱、XRD、TEM等手段对所制备的AgNPs/PEI/GO复合物进行了表征.结果表明,PEI被成功地修饰到了GO表面,Ag+被还原并固载到了GO表面,且所制备的银纳米粒子具有良好的晶型结构及导电性质.     

纳米二氧化钛光催化降解亮蓝染料的研究

以纳米TiO₂为光催化剂，高压汞灯为紫外光源，研究了水溶液中亮蓝染料的半导体光催化降解及其影响因素。研究结果表明，TiO₂在500℃煅烧后所形成的锐钛型产物具有较好的光催化效果。纳米TiO₂的用量是影响亮蓝降解反应速率的重要因素，其最适宜的用量为1.0kg/m³。亮蓝的初始浓度越高，降解率越低。在亮蓝初始浓度为12.62mmol/m³，纳米TiO₂的用量为1.0kg/m³时，经光照40min后亮蓝的降解率可达99%以上，并通过回归分析得出了亮蓝降解的动力学方程。     

苯甲酸在纳米TiO2表面结合态的研究

文中通过浸渍法制备载有苯甲酸的纳米TiO₂分散体系样品,并尝试采用光电子能谱法 (XPS)对苯甲酸在纳米TiO₂ 表面键合方式进行研究,辅以红外光谱进行证明。结果表明XPS法可以很好的表征苯甲酸在TiO₂ 表面的键合方式,苯甲酸通过羧基与TiO₂ 表面形成螯合键。     

一维纳米SnO2/TiO2复合薄膜电极的制备及光电性能

采用静电纺丝的方法,通过调节前驱体液中SnCl₂·2H₂O的质量分数,制备了直径为90~180nm的SnO₂纳米线,经TiCl₄溶液水解处理制备得到了SnO₂/TiO₂薄膜电极。使用SEM和EDS对薄膜电极进行表征,通过线性扫描伏安法和光电催化测试,分析研究了SnO₂/TiO₂ 纳米复合薄膜电极的光电化学性质。结果表明,当SnCl₂·2H₂O质量分数为3%时,SnO₂/TiO₂ 复合薄膜电极的光电流密度达到最大;随后将其与TiO₂、SnO₂薄膜电极相比,SnO₂/TiO₂ 复合薄膜电极产生的光电流明显增大;复合薄膜电极对罗丹明B（RhB）的光电催化降解率在90min后可达到95%,而TiO₂仅为56%、SnO₂为58%。     

甲基丙烯酰氧基三甲氧基硅烷改性SiO2的制备

采用原位一步法制备了表面甲基丙烯酰氧基三甲氧基硅烷(MPS)改性的单分散纳米二氧化硅（SiO₂）粒子。该过程将纳米SiO₂的缩合形成过程与功能化改性同步进行，并用红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、热失重分析（TGA）等测试方法研究了粒子的表面化学结构、形态和分散性以及粒子中MPS的含量。结果表明，原位一步法制备的MPS改性纳米SiO₂粒子粒径约75nm，基本上呈单分散状态，且含有大量的MPS功能性基团，其表面密度为3.45μmol/m²。     

Sol-Gel Preparation of TiO2/SiO2 Nanocomposites and Their Application in Self- cleaning Textiles

The present study involves the preparation of TiO2/SiO2 nanocrystals and their application in self-clcaning wool-polyester fabrics. The TiO2/SiO2 nanocrystals were successfully synthesized and deposited onto wool-polyester fabrics using the low-temperature sol-gel technique. The as-prepared nanoeomposites and the nanocomposites coated samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, respectively. The XRD and SEM results showed that the single-phase anatase nanocrystallites were formed and loaded on the fabric surface successfully. The photocatalytic activities of TiO2 -coated and TiO2/SiO2-coated wool-polyester fabrics were measured by studying photodegradation of methylene blue dye. Comparison of the photocatalytic activity of the coated samples reveals superiority of TiO2/SiO2 modified sample with respect to that of pure TiO2 modified sample. Our observations indicate that by applying this technique to the fabrics, self-cleaning materials can be designed for practical application.     

复合催化剂AgI-Ag3PO4/TiO2纳米带的制备及其光催化性能研究

通过化学沉淀法在TiO₂纳米带上首先制备了Ag₃PO₄/TiO₂,然后利用离子交换法成功将AgI负载到Ag₃PO₄上,制备了具有优异催化活性的复合催化剂AgI-Ag₃PO₄/TiO₂。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X-射线衍射仪（XRD）、X-射线光电子能谱（XPS）等分析方法对复合催化剂的形貌、晶型结构、元素组成等进行了表征,结果表明：TiO₂纳米带形貌规整,宽度在50~400 nm之间,AgI-Ag₃PO₄纳米颗粒均匀地负载于TiO₂纳米带表面;TiO₂纳米带晶型为典型锐钛矿相,AgI为六方晶相的β-AgI,Ag₃PO₄为立方晶相;AgI-Ag₃PO₄/TiO₂中Ag元素以+1价态存在于催化剂中,没有Ag单质析出,表明复合催化剂结构稳定。以罗丹明B作为复合光催化剂的模型反应物,评估了不同批次、AgI/Ag₃PO₄不同比例催化剂的光催化性能,结果显示：AgI-Ag₃PO₄/TiO₂系列催化剂的催化活性均高于单独的TiO₂、Ag₃PO₄和AgI;当AgI与Ag₃PO₄物质的量比为3∶5时,AgI-Ag₃PO₄/TiO₂具有最高的光催化效率,该催化剂在30 min后对罗丹明B的降解率可达到98.7%,并且在多次重复实验后仍然保持较高的催化活性。     

碳纳米管-二氧化钛纳米复合材料的制备、表征及其光催化性能

为了提高二氧化钛在可见光下的光催化活性,本文采用溶胶—凝胶溶剂热法制备不同负载量的碳纳米管—二氧化钛(CNTs-Ti O)纳米复合材料,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)2、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X-射线衍射(XRD)等对该复合材料形貌和晶型的结构进行表征;对比CNTs-Ti O2和市售Ti O(P25)UV-vis2图谱,结果显示P25只能吸收单一的紫外光,而CNTs-Ti O2则在紫外和可见光下均有良好的光吸收性,并且随着CNTs含量的增加,CNTs-Ti O2对光的吸收性能越好;采用降解亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液研究CNTs-Ti O2的光催化活性,实验结果表明CNTs-Ti O2在可见光下具有良好的光催化性能。上述结果表明可以将CNTs-Ti O2纳米复合材料应用于降解工业废水污染物。     

超临界乙醇制备TiO2/石墨烯纳米复合材料及其表征

以氧化石墨为载体、钛酸异丙酯为前驱体,利用超临界乙醇的超临界性能和还原性,制得了晶型完善的锐钛矿TiO2/石墨烯纳米复合材料.通过红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）对采用Hummers法制得的氧化石墨（GO）进行表征;同时利用透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）对TiO2/石墨烯纳米复合材料进行研究.结果表明：成功制得了氧化石墨（GO）和晶型完善的锐钛矿TiO2/石墨烯纳米复合材料,并且发现二氧化钛在石墨烯纳米片层上呈现为有规则的颗粒,分散均匀,平均粒径为8.24 nm.     

Photocatalytic oxidation of gaseous benzene over nanosized TiO2 prepared by solvothermal method

Nanosized TiO2 particles were prepared by solvothermal method using tetrabutyl titanate as precursor,ethanol and water as solvents,and a facile immobilization method of nanosized TiO2 particles on woven glass fabric was developed. The samples obtained under various preparation conditions were charac-terized by means of thermo gravimetric analysis(TG) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) ,X-ray diffraction(XRD) ,transmission electron microscopy(TEM) ,high resolution-transmission electron mi-croscopy(HR-TEM) ,and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) . The results show that the cube-shape of TiO2 prepared by solvothermal method has good crystallinity of(101) surface,higher thermal stability and large specific surface area. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) images confirmed that the immobi-lized TiO2 film was uniformly distributed and clung to the substrate firmly. The photocatalytic activity of the catalysts was tested using photocatalytic oxidation of gaseous benzene. The results show that the TiO2 calcined after solvothermal treatment suffers from lower specific surface area,and hence de-creases its photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic activities of the TiO2 by solvothermal treatment with or without calcination in degradation 400 mg/m3 benzene are 3.7 and 4.1 times as high as catalyst without solvothermal treatment,respectively.     

Formation of crystalline TiO2 by anodic oxidation of titanium

Formation of crystalline TiO2(anatase) films by anodic oxidation of titanium foils in ethylene glycol(EG) based electrolytes at room temperature has been investigated.By varying the anodizing parameters such as the amounts of water and NH4 F added,applied voltage and anodization time,anodic TiO2 films with different crystalline structures were obtained.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and X-ray powder diffraction(XRD) characterizations were employed to determine the morphologies and crystalline structures of as-prepared anodic TiO2 films.The results indicate that crystallization of anodic TiO2 films was generally facilitated by high fluoride concentration,high applied voltage and longer anodization time,and the formation of anodic TiO2 films with best crystallinity could only be achieved when optimized amounts of water were added.     

Micro-friction of diazoresin/polyacrylic acid self-assembly films in water with atomic force microscopy

Ultrathin films composed of diazoresin（DR）and polyacrylic acid（PAA）were fabricated.The surface morphology of the films in water was measured using an atomic force microscopy（AFM）.The self-assembly technique makes the surface rather flat and uniform.The friction force and its dependence on the velocity differ from the surface charge of the thin films.The friction force of repulsive DR/PAA film increases linearly with velocity and has lower values than that of attractive DR film over the full range of velocity.As the velocity increases,the attractive friction of DR film first decreases to a minimum at a velocity of 2 line/s and then increases all the way.When the surface is repulsive to the friction substrate,the friction of thin films that is determined by hydrated lubrication of polymer chains that is ultralubricated;when it is adhesive to the friction substrate,the friction is mainly contributed from the elastic deformation of adsorbed polymer chains in the low velocity region and from viscous sliding in the presence of hydrated-layer lubrication of the polymer chains in the higher velocity region.     

Preparation of polystyrene/ SiO2 nanocomposites by surface-initiated nitroxidemediated radical polymerization

As nanoscopic science, technology, and engineering have been rapidly developed in recent years, nanomate- rials have attracted widespread attention for their spe- cific capability in the optics, electrics, calorifics, mag- netics, catalysis and mechanics …     

铁硫化物／石墨烯纳米复合材料溶剂热法一步合成

以二茂铁和硫磺粉作为铁源和硫源,乙醇或邻二氯苯为溶剂,利用溶剂热法一步合成了FeS2／石墨烯和Fe2S8／石墨烯纳米复合材料;采用X射线衍射（XRD）法、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对产物的晶相结构和形貌进行了分析与表征;并研究了原料的配比及溶剂对产物的组成和形貌的影响．当二茂铁与硫磺粉的摩尔比为1：2．5时,所得产物为Fe7S8／石墨烯纳米复合材料;而当它们的摩尔比为1：2时,所得产物为FeS2／石墨烯纳米复合材料,使用乙醇或邻二氯苯为溶剂合成所得FeS2／石墨烯纳米复合材料的形貌有较大的差异．     

光催化TiO_2/GAC去除中水中BOD_5的研究

探讨了固定在颗粒活性炭上的二氧化钛光催化剂(TiO2/GAC)降低中水BOD5的效果及影响因素,实验表明仅光照不投加TiO2/GAC,BOD5的去除率为8.1%;仅投加TiO2/GAC无光照,BOD5的去除率为9.8%;而投加TiO2/GAC并光照,BOD5的去除率为54.7%.TiO2/GAC对BOD5的去除率随光照时间和光照强度的增加而增加.