低温回热器交变流动阻力特性的比较

为了设计和优化小型低温制冷机,研究了不同工况下交变流动回热器的阻力特性,给出了不同丝网孔径的低温回热器在不同运行频率下的实验结果,并以此得到了阻力关系的拟合关系式.与其他拟合关系式进行比较,阐明了其表达式存在差异的原因.最后,提出了2个含有无量纲的关系式,用此关系式可预测不同工况下交变流动回热器的阻力特性.     

有蓄冷器冰箱冻室的温度特征

用双集总热容和双等效热阻的模型，讨论了放有蓄冷器的冰箱冷冻室在保冷期的温度特性，给出了蓄冷器温度Ｔｂ，冷冻室壁温Ｔｗ以及冷冻室温度Ｔａ随时间变化的具体关系式，算值与实验作了比较，吻合良好．理论分析的结果，为蓄冷器设计及其与冰箱的良好匹配提供了科学依据．     

聚合物水溶液基泡沫在多孔介质中非稳态流动的数值计算

在用幂律模式来描述聚合物水溶液基泡沫液相流变性的基础上,建立了聚合物水溶液基泡沫在多孔介质中一维非稳态流动的数学模型。给出了聚合物水溶液基泡沫在多孔介质中非稳态流动的数值计算方法;并以聚丙烯酰胺水溶液基泡沫为例,对其在Boise岩心中一维非稳态流动的压降、含液饱和度、流动泡沫平均密度分布以及压降与无因次注入时间的关系进行了数值计算与分析。     

单排不均匀排管流动换热特性的实验研究

对空气横掠不均匀排列的单排管的流动与换热特性进行了实验研究．实验在小型风洞中进行．流动阻力采用总体静压降法获得而换热系数采用单管热平衡法得到．改变管排的管间距获得在不同间距下的流动与换热的准则关系式．分析结果表明,在不同间距下流动阻力和换热能力变化较大,随着管间距不均匀性的增加,会出现换热系数最大值和流动阻力系数最小值,但这种现象随着雷诺数的加大而逐渐消失．     

空气横掠平翅片管的换热与流动数值研究

对平直翅片管外不可压缩空气稳态、层流流动的传热与流动阻力特性进行了三维数值模拟,分析了入口流速以及管离翅片入口段的不同位置对流动与换热的影响,得到了阻力因数以及翅片和管壁面的平均努塞尔特数随雷诺数和管相对位置变化的关系曲线;给出了翅片的温度以及局部努塞尔特数的分布;并以翅片效率为目标函数,获得了6种不同管位置在不同雷诺数下的最佳结构型式,利用本文算法对参考文献的试验数据进行验证,模拟结果与试验数据吻合较好,验证了模型的可靠性和有效性。     

绕楔形体流动与传热过程的热力学分析与优化

从热力学第一定律及第二定律出发，分析绕楔形体的流动为层流量，其流动与传热过程的熵产，从而建立流动与传热过程的熵产率关系式，并引入无因次熵产数以讨论楔角，特征长度以及雷诺数对流动与传热性能的影响，找出其优化的过程参数。     

周期性环肋通道内的流动和换热

用非稳态数学模型对包含入口段的带肋环形通道内的流动和换热进行了数值模拟.在肋片参数Sp/D=0.187 5、Sp/D=1.125,雷诺数在400～800范围内,流动和换热都出现了自维持振荡特性,且入口段后,各几何周期的速度场、无因次过余温度场基本相同,随时间的变化规律也基本相同.肋片高度增加,平均努塞尔数和摩擦阻力系数增加.肋片间距增大,对摩擦阻力系数影响较小,对努塞尔数影响较大.雷诺数增大,努塞尔数增大,阻力系数减小.     

室温磁制冷活性蓄冷器性能预测研究

介绍了活性蓄冷器的基本模型，并对该模型采用Lach理论以Mikusinski运算积分的方法进行求解，得到了活性蓄冷器温度分布的半解析解．在设定相同精度的条件下与数值解比较发现，半解析解计算所需的节点数较少，并且速度较快，同效性很好．利用理想磁制冷材料和典型磁性材料钆，得到了活性蓄冷器的运行特性．通过对无量纲量传热单元数和流体与磁性材料的热容比进行分析，得到了活性蓄冷器各运行参数和磁性材料磁性参数对活性蓄冷器的影响规律．结果表明，对金属钆，制冷量随温跨的增大而减小，随温度区间整体向低处移动而减小．     

微矩形槽道内的受迫对流换热性能实验

对６种不同结构尺寸的微矩形槽道内的受迫流动阻力与换热性能进行了实验。结果表明，试验条件下微槽内水流动中从层流向湍流转变的临界雷诺数Ｒｅｃ＝１４００－１８００．揭示出微槽结构尺寸对流动与换热的影响，并由实验给出了层流区流动阻力与换热的经验关系式。     

单圆柱微通道内流动特性实验研究

采用Micro-PIV实验系统和压差测试系统,研究了含有单个微圆柱的通道内去离子水在10相似文献   

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the