铁电陶瓷的电致疲劳实验研究

本文关注铁电材料的电致疲劳，通过铁电陶瓷的疲劳裂纹扩展实验这一问题进行了研究，给出了实验结果，提出解释实验现象的理论。     

Effects of SrTiO3 buffer layer on structural and electrical properties of Bi3.15Nd0.85Ti3O12 thin films prepared by a chemical method

Ferroelectric Bi3.15Nd0.85Ti3O12 (BNT) thin films have been grown on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates at 750 ℃ by a chemical solution deposition method using SrTiO3 (STO) as a buffer layer.The influence of STO...     

The giant electromechanical response in ferroelectric relaxors as a critical phenomenon

The direct conversion of electrical energy to mechanical work by a material is relevant to a number of applications. This is illustrated by ferroelectric 'relaxors' such as Pb(Mg(1/3)Nb(2/3))O(3)-PbTiO(3) (PMN-PT; refs 5, 6): these materials exhibit a giant electromechanical (piezoelectric) response that is finding use in ultrasonic and medical applications, as well as in telecommunications. The origins of this effect are, however, still unclear. Here we show that the giant electromechanical response in PMN-PT (and potentially other ferroelectric relaxors) is the manifestation of critical points that define a line in the phase diagram of this system. Specifically, in the electric-field-temperature-composition phase diagram of PMN-PT (the composition being varied by changing the PT concentration), a first-order paraelectric-ferroelectric phase transition terminates in a line of critical points where the piezoelectric coefficient is maximum. Above this line, supercritical evolution is observed. On approaching the critical point, both the energy cost and the electric field necessary to induce ferroelectric polarization rotations decrease significantly, thus explaining the giant electromechanical response of these relaxors.     

SAF 2707HD旋转弯曲疲劳性能

针对SAF 2707HD双相不锈钢进行旋转弯曲疲劳实验.利用升降法计算得到疲劳极限,根据实验数据绘制应力-疲劳寿命(S-N)曲线,再利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对试样疲劳断口进行观察,分析了疲劳裂纹源的类型和断裂机制.统计数据表明:由于试样表面裂纹源引起的断裂基本发生在105次循环或之内,而由于内部裂纹源引起的断裂基本...     

PZT／Si异质结的电特性研究

采用Ｓｏｌ／Ｇｅｌ工艺制备ＰＺＴ／Ｓｉ结构，从该结构的极化特性、开关特性和Ｉ－Ｖ特性等方面研究了硅衬底上铁电薄膜的自偏压异质结特性．并以这种效应分析了ＦＲＡＭ电容中铁电薄膜的疲劳机制．     

Effects of stress ratio on the temperature-dependent high-cycle fatigue properties of alloy steels

This paper addresses the effects of stress ratio on the temperature-dependent high-cycle fatigue (HCF) properties of alloy steels 2CrMo and 9CrCo, which suffer from substantial vibrational loading at small stress amplitude, high stress ratio, and high frequency in the high-temperature environments in which they function as blade and rotor spindle materials in advanced gas or steam turbine engines. Fatigue tests were performed on alloy steels 2CrMo and 9CrCo subjected to constant-amplitude loading at four stress ratios and at four and three temperatures, respectively, to determine their temperature-dependent HCF properties. The interaction mechanisms between high temperature and stress ratio were deduced and compared with each other on the basis of the results of fractographic analysis. A phenomenological model was developed to evaluate the effects of stress ratio on the temperature-dependent HCF properties of alloy steels 2CrMo and 9CrCo. Good correlation was achieved between the predictions and actual experiments, demonstrating the practical and effective use of the proposed method.     

亚硝酸钠的铁电性起源与电子结构

对亚硝酸钠态密度,能带结构,电子密度进行了第一性原理计算.通过对态密度的分析,发现在铁电相氮原子的2p电子和氧原子的2p电子之间存在强烈的轨道杂化.对电子密度和能带的分析也得出同样的结论.氮原子和氧原子之间存在强烈的共价互作用,而钠和二氧化氮基团之间为离子互作用.     

Voltage-controlled Kerr response in Ni/Pb（Zr0.52Ti0.48）O3 heterostructures

Voltage-modified magneto-optical Kerr effect（MOKE） is widely used to describe the converse magnetoelectric（ME） effect in the ferroelectric/ferromagnetic（FE/FM） heterostructures. However, the applied voltage can possibly give rise to electro-optical effect of the FE layer, which would also affect the Kerr signals in the MOKE system. Here, we used an AC voltage to modulate the magnetization in the Ni/Pb（Zr0.52Ti0.48）O3（PZT） heterostructures with different pre-polarization states of the PZT layers to investigate the complexity of the Kerr signals. The results suggested that the voltage control of Kerr signal contained several origins; however, the straininduced ME effect dominated in the ME effect in the heterostructures.     

Nonvolatile memory devices based on organic field-effect transistors

Among the many possible device configurations for organic memory devices,organic field-effect transistor (OFET) memory is an emerging technology with the potential to realize lightweight,low-cost,flexible charge storage media.In this feature article,the recent progress in the classes of OFET-based memory,including floating gate OFET memory,polymer electret OFET memory,ferroelectric OFET memory and several other kinds of OFET memories with unique configurations,are introduced.Finally,the prospects and problems of OFETs memory are discussed.     

TA6V钛合金疲劳断口形貌及断口分析

在进行TA6V钛合金疲劳小裂纹实验的基础上,使用KYKY2800B型扫描电镜(SEM)对TA6V钛合金疲劳断口形貌进行疲劳源区及其裂纹扩展形状、扩展区、瞬断区形貌的观察,分析TA6V钛合金疲劳断口形貌形成的原因,为其结构疲劳安全设计及可靠性分析提供科学依据,为今后TA6V钛合金在我国的使用提供参考。     

Geometric frustration in compositionally modulated ferroelectrics

Geometric frustration is a broad phenomenon that results from an intrinsic incompatibility between some fundamental interactions and the underlying lattice geometry. Geometric frustration gives rise to new fundamental phenomena and is known to yield intriguing effects such as the formation of exotic states like spin ice, spin liquids and spin glasses. It has also led to interesting findings of fractional charge quantization and magnetic monopoles. Mechanisms related to geometric frustration have been proposed to understand the origins of relaxor and multiferroic behaviour, colossal magnetocapacitive coupling, and unusual and novel mechanisms of high-transition-temperature superconductivity. Although geometric frustration has been particularly well studied in magnetic systems in the past 20 years or so, its manifestation in the important class formed by ferroelectric materials (which are compounds with electric rather than magnetic dipoles) is basically unknown. Here we show, using a technique based on first principles, that compositionally graded ferroelectrics possess the characteristic 'fingerprints' associated with geometric frustration. These systems have a highly degenerate energy surface and display critical phenomena. They further reveal exotic orderings with novel stripe phases involving complex spatial organization. These stripes display spiral states, topological defects and curvature. Compositionally graded ferroelectrics can thus be considered the 'missing link' that brings ferroelectrics into the broad category of materials able to exhibit geometric frustration. Our ab initio calculations allow deep microscopic insight into this novel geometrically frustrated system.     

800 MPa级低合金高强度钢低周疲劳性能

对利用驰豫-析出-控制相变(TMCP RPC工艺)技术获得的800MPa级超细晶粒低合金高强度钢的低周疲劳性能进行了测试,并对其循环特性和疲劳断口进行了观察和分析,发现该材料为循环软化,而且随着应变幅的提高,材料的软化速率逐渐增大.对材料的疲劳断口观察表明,疲劳裂纹起始于试样表面,沿断口周边分布,呈多源性特征.     

Room-temperature ferroelectricity in supramolecular networks of charge-transfer complexes

Materials exhibiting a spontaneous electrical polarization that can be switched easily between antiparallel orientations are of potential value for sensors, photonics and energy-efficient memories. In this context, organic ferroelectrics are of particular interest because they promise to be lightweight, inexpensive and easily processed into devices. A recently identified family of organic ferroelectric structures is based on intermolecular charge transfer, where donor and acceptor molecules co-crystallize in an alternating fashion known as a mixed stack: in the crystalline lattice, a collective transfer of electrons from donor to acceptor molecules results in the formation of dipoles that can be realigned by an external field as molecules switch partners in the mixed stack. Although mixed stacks have been investigated extensively, only three systems are known to show ferroelectric switching, all below 71 kelvin. Here we describe supramolecular charge-transfer networks that undergo ferroelectric polarization switching with a ferroelectric Curie temperature above room temperature. These polar and switchable systems utilize a structural synergy between a hydrogen-bonded network and charge-transfer complexation of donor and acceptor molecules in a mixed stack. This supramolecular motif could help guide the development of other functional organic systems that can switch polarization under the influence of electric fields at ambient temperatures.     

钛酸锶钡陶瓷的铁电极化疲劳效应

 用微分电滞回线谱分析方法研究了钛酸锶钡Ba_0.95Sr_0.05TiO₃ （BST）陶瓷圆片的铁电极化疲劳效应,发现其疲劳过程可以分成三个阶段,当反转次数在10⁵-10⁶次时出现老化效应,反转10⁶-10⁸时出现疲劳效应,反转10⁸次以上则样品完全疲劳,铁电性几乎消失。     

Ti6Al4V高锁螺栓疲劳断口形貌及断口分析

在进行Ti6Al4V高锁螺栓疲劳实验的基础上,使用扫描电镜(SEM)对Ti6Al4V高锁螺栓疲劳断口形貌进行疲劳源区、裂纹扩展区和瞬断区形貌的观察,分析高锁螺栓疲劳断口形貌形成的原因,为其结构疲劳安全设计提供科学依据,为今后Ti6Al4V高锁螺栓的国产化提供参考。     

铁电体的极化疲劳和历史记忆效应

电滞回线是研究铁电性的重要方法,但其中非线性电导,非线性顺电电容等非铁电性的影响难以消除.为此提出了微分电滞回线方法以取代传统的电滞回线.基于该方法,可将回线中各种非铁电性的贡献定量地分离出来,从而得到纯铁电性的贡献.对锆钛酸铅(PZT)和钛酸钡(BST)陶瓷样品的测量结果表明,纯铁电微分回线可用若干个高斯函数精确拟和,铁电体的极化疲劳就表现为高斯函数个数、峰位、峰高、半高宽等参数在外加作用下持续变化.实验还进一步证明,疲劳效应与铁电体所经历的热力学历史密切相关.     

多铁性异质结研究进展

多铁异质结中的磁电耦合效应是凝聚态物理和材料物理的研究热点之一.相比单相的多铁材料,多铁异质结中界面处的自旋、电荷、轨道以及晶格之间存在着复杂的相互作用,导致出现一些新的物理现象,使得其在新一代的存储器、传感器、微波等领域中具有重要的应用前景.文章介绍近年来在多铁异质结方向取得的进展,着重介绍实现电场对磁性控制的场效应、应变效应、交换偏置效应等,以及磁场对多铁性的调控,从而获得很大的磁电耦合效应;分析了多铁隧道结及其磁电耦合效应,其集成了传统铁电隧道结和铁磁隧道结的优势,可大幅度提高单个存储单元存储状态,从而提高存储密度.最后提出当前面临的问题和对未来的展望.     

铁电薄膜开关特性测量

对铁电薄膜的开关特性进行了分析．介绍了利用美国ＨＰ４１９２Ａ低频阻抗分析仪设计铁电薄膜开关特性测量仪的方法．讨论了测量原理以及如何利用测量仪所产生的双极性双脉冲对铁电薄膜的开关特性进行测量,给出了有关ＰＺＴ（５５／４５）铁电薄膜样品的测量结果     

Ferroelectricity from iron valence ordering in the charge-frustrated system LuFe2O4

Ferroelectric materials are widely used in modern electric devices such as memory elements, filtering devices and high-performance insulators. Ferroelectric crystals have a spontaneous electric polarization arising from the coherent arrangement of electric dipoles (specifically, a polar displacement of anions and cations). First-principles calculations and electron density analysis of ferroelectric materials have revealed that the covalent bond between the anions and cations, or the orbital hybridization of electrons on both ions, plays a key role in establishing the dipolar arrangement. However, an alternative model-electronic ferroelectricity-has been proposed in which the electric dipole depends on electron correlations, rather than the covalency. This would offer the attractive possibility of ferroelectric materials that could be controlled by the charge, spin and orbital degrees of freedom of the electron. Here we report experimental evidence for ferroelectricity arising from electron correlations in the triangular mixed valence oxide, LuFe(2)O(4). Using resonant X-ray scattering measurements, we determine the ordering of the Fe(2+) and Fe(3+) ions. They form a superstructure that supports an electric polarization consisting of distributed electrons of polar symmetry. The polar ordering arises from the repulsive property of electrons-electron correlations-acting on a frustrated geometry.     

n-Pentylamine-intercalated layered perovskite-type oxide

A novel n-pentylamine-intercalated layered perovskite-type oxide, C5H11NH3-Sr2Nb3O10, was prepared and characterized by using XRD, FT-IR, Raman spec-trascopy, and elemental analysis. It was shown that the intercalated n-pentylamine adopted a bilayer formation with some overlap and tilt, and the lattice of the perovskite layer was distorted due to the intercalation of n-pentylamine. The as-prepared sample gave clear electric hysteresis loop and did not show fatigue after 1011 switching circles, and therefore, could be considered as a new kind of fatigue-free ferroelectric materials.