水溶性铑-膦络合物催化1-丁烯氢甲酰化反应研究

研究了在以水溶性铑膦络合物RhCl(CO)(TPPTS)2为催化剂的两相体系中，反应温度、压力、膦铑比、催化剂浓度、CO／H2分压比、底物浓度等对1-丁烯氢甲酰化反应的活性和区域选择性的影响．结果表明，RhCl(CO)(TPPTS)2对水／有机两相催化体系1-丁烯氢甲酰化反应表现出良好的活性和区域选择性，在100℃，2．5MPa，[TPPTS]／[Rh]=25时，生成戊醛的TOF高达2500h^-1，生成正戊醛的选择性达到87．5％．     

水溶性钌-钯双金属催化剂催化卤代芳香硝基化合物选择性加氢

考察了水溶性Ru／Pd—TPPTS双金属催化剂催化卤代芳香硝基化合物的加氢性能．实验结果表明，在原位合成的Ru—TPPTS催化体系中添加PdCl2后，催化剂的活性明显提高，尤其是0．50Ru／0．50Pd—TPPTS双金属催化剂表现出显著的钌和钯之间的双金属协同效应．在PB2=1．0MPa，70℃，反应70min的条件下，双金属催化剂0．50Ru／0．50Pd—TPPTS催化对-氯硝基苯中硝基选择性加氢反应时转化率达到100％，生成对-氯苯胺选择性为92．3％．对于取代基和取代位置不同的一些卤代硝基苯加氢，双金属催化剂0．50Ru／0．50Pd—TPPTS也表现出很高的催化活性和较高的生成卤代苯胺选择性．     

两相体系中长链烯烃氢甲酰化反应研究--膦配体对活性和选择性的影响

在温和条件下合成了两种水溶性膦配体：三(4-甲氧基-3-磺酸钠苯基)膦(简称：4-MOTPPTS)和三(2-甲氧基-3-磺酸钠苯基)膦(简称：2-MOTPPTS)．在水／有机两相体系中，以RhCl(CO)(TPPTS)2为催化剂前体，考察了4-MOTPPTS和2-MOTPPTS作为配体时，膦／铑摩尔比、反应温度和压力变化对1-十二烯氢甲酰化反应催化性能的影响．结果表明，与三(3-磺酸钠苯基)膦(简称TPPTS)相比，在苯环上引入甲氧基后，其供电特性使催化剂对烯烃氢甲酰化反应的活性和生成醛的选择性不利，而邻位甲氧基的引入所造成的空间位阻，使2-MOTPPTS表现出较4-MOTPPTS更低的催化活性和选择性．但与相应的油溶性膦配体相比，对生成醛的选择性明显增加．     

两相体系混合丁烯的氢甲酰化反应研究

研究了水溶性铑膦配合物RhCl(CO)(TPPTS)2在水/有机两相体系中对混合丁烯氢甲酰化反应的催化性能.主要考察了温度、压力、膦铑比、表面活性剂等因素的变化对催化性能的影响.结果表明,阳离子表面活性剂的加入,能明显提高底物转化率;CO分压增大,对丁烯 1双键异构有抑制作用.在100℃,2.0MPa(CO/H2=1),TPPTS/Rh25,[Rh]1.024×10-3mol/L的条件下,反应4h底物转化率接近35%,产物醛的正异比5.4.     

三苯基膦与烯丙型氯代物的区域选择性反应

烯丙型氯代物与三苯基膦（Ｐｈ３Ｐ）在ＮａＩ存在下，发生区域选择性反应，存在γ取代的季磷盐，进一步研究表明，橙花醇苄醚的季磷盐在ＣＨ３Ｎａ／ＭｅＯＨ、ＤＭＦ体系中，可与醛发生ｉｔｔｉｎ反应生成反应的烯，而二丙叉丙酮的季磷盐在相同条件下不能与醛反应。     

CH3COOH/H2O2体系氧化苯乙烯制苯甲醛

在合适条件下CH3COOH与H2O2反应生成过氧乙酸(CH3COOOH),过氧乙酸氧化苯乙烯生成苯甲醛.研究了反应温度、反应时间、过氧化氢用量、加料顺序及添加乙腈和水等对CH3COOH/H2O2体系氧化苯乙烯制苯甲醛反应的影响.结果表明:当苯乙烯为0.5mL,乙酸5mL,H2O22mL,反应时间为5h,反应温度为60℃,苯乙烯的转化率可以达到99.6%,苯甲醛的过氧乙酸选择性大于60%.     

两相体系中含氮双齿膦配体对1-十二烯氢甲酰化反应的影响

含氮双齿膦配体(Ph2PCH2)2NCH2CH2OCH2CH2NHCH2CH2PO3Na2(以A表示)在1-十二烯的氢甲酰化反应中的实验结果表明双膦配体的螯合作用降低了催化活性和有利于直链醛的生成.A与水溶性催化剂RhCl(CO)(TPPTS)2在合成气氛下发生配体交换后,形成配合物HRh(CO)(A)(TPPTS),其催化活性比单膦-铑配合物的催化活性更低.又由于双膦与铑配位后形成的络合物中铑的配位空间更拥挤,因此1-十二烯的端碳原子更容易与铑中心络合配位,形成直链烷基-铑络合物,使得产物醛中直链醛的含量增大.     

钛硅分子筛催化苯乙烯氧化制苯甲醛

将采用四丙基溴化铵（TPABr）为模板剂、硅溶胶为硅源合成的钛硅分子筛TS－1用于苯乙烯氧化反应。与采用经典法合成的TS－1相比，采用廉价原料合成的TS－1在苯乙烯氧化反应中的活性较低，但苯甲醛选择性高。钛硅分子筛中的骨架钛物种催化苯乙烯转化为苯乙醛，而部分缩合六配位钛物种催化苯乙烯转化成苯甲醛。与丙酮做溶剂相比，苯乙烯氧化反应选用醇类溶剂苯甲醛选择性高，其中，甲醇做溶剂时反应结果最好。V（甲醇）／V（苯乙烯）＝3时，苯乙烯转化率最高，采用廉价原料合成的TS－1催化苯乙烯氧化制得的苯甲醛不含氯，可用于食品工业。     

呋喃醛缩氨基硫脲腙的合成和结构测定

使用化学纯的糠醛和氨基硫脲，在少量冰醋酸的催化下，缩合反应生成呋喃醛缩氨基硫脲腙Ｃ＿６Ｈ＿７Ｎ３ＯＳ，Ｍ＿ｒ＝１６９．２１，单斜晶系，空间群Ｐ２＿１／ｎ，ａ＝１．３５０　６（３），ｂ＝０．５６５６（５），Ｃ＝２．１０２３（２）ｎｍ，β＝９７．４３°（３），Ｖ＝１．５９２６ｎｍ￣３，Ｚ＝８，Ｄ＿ｘ＝１．４１１ｇ／ｃｍ￣３λ（Ｍ＿Ｏｋａ＝０．０７１０７３ｎｍ），μ＝３．３４８ｃｍ￣（－１），Ｆ（０００）＝７０４．８５０可观察独立反射（Ｉ＞３σ（Ｉ）使结构解出并精修到Ｒ＝０．０５３，Ｒｗ＝０．０５０，Δ／σ＝０．１４，单位权重观察值的最大误差为１．１６９．不对称单位含有二个非结晶学对称相关的独立分子，分子构型存在较大差异．缩合反应发生在杂环羰基和氨基硫脲分子中的肼基－ＮＨＮＨ＿２上，酸催化可以加速缩合反应，获得较高的产率．     

微乳体系中苯部分加氢制备环己烯

采用OP-10/甲醇/苯/水构建的微乳反应体系,以骨架镍为催化剂,考察了反应温度、反应压力、反应时间以及V(水)∶V(苯)对反应选择性及转化率的影响。结果表明,乳化体系中苯选择加氢反应的最佳反应条件如下:反应温度为150℃,反应压力为4.0 MPa,V(水)∶V(苯)为3.0,反应时间为30 min。在此条件下,苯转化率达19.65%,环己烯收率为5.61%,环己烯选择性为28.55%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with