Mechanical properties and friction behaviors of CNT/AlSi<Subscript>10</Subscript>Mg composites produced by spark plasma sintering

The mechanical properties and friction behaviors of CNT/AlSi₁₀Mg composites produced by spark plasma sintering (SPS) were investigated. The results showed that the densities of the sintered composites gradually increased with increasing sintering temperature and that the highest microhardness and compressive strength were achieved in the specimen sintered at 450℃. CNTs dispersed uniformly in the AlSi₁₀Mg matrix when the addition of CNTs was less than 1.5wt%. However, when the addition of CNTs exceeded 1.5wt%, the aggregation of CNTs was clearly observed. Moreover, the mechanical properties (including the densities, compressive strength, and microhardness) of the composites changed with CNT content and reached a maximum value when the CNT content was 1.5wt%. Meanwhile, the minimum average friction coefficient and wear rate of the CNT/AlSi₁₀Mg composites were obtained with 1.0wt% CNTs.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Nb–Mo–ZrB2 composites prepared by hot-pressing sintering

Nb–Mo–ZrB₂ composites (V(Nb)/V(Mo)=1) with 15vol% or 30vol% of ZrB₂ were fabricated by hot-pressing sintering at 2000℃. The phases, microstructure, and mechanical properties were then investigated. The composites contain Nb-Mo solid solution (denoted as (Nb, Mo)ss hereafter), ZrB, MoB, and NbB phases. Compressive strength test results suggest that the strength of Nb–Mo–ZrB₂ composites increases with increasing ZrB₂ content; Nb–Mo–30vol%ZrB₂ had the highest compressive strength (1905.1 MPa). The improvement in the compressive strength of the Nb–Mo–ZrB₂ composites is mainly attributed to the secondary phase strengthening of the stiffer ZrB phase, solid-solution strengthening of the (Nb, Mo)ss matrix as well as fine-grain strengthening. The fracture toughness decreases with increasing ZrB₂ content. Finally, the fracture modes of the Nb–Mo–ZrB₂ composites are also discussed in detail.     

Effect of spark plasma sintering and reinforcements on the formation of ultra-fine and nanograins in AA2024-TiB2-Y hybrid composites

This study reports the influence of sintering mechanism and reinforcement materials on the formation of ultra-fine and nanograins in Al-TiB₂-Y nanohybrid composites. The mechanical properties of the composites and their corresponding micro and nanostructures are correlated. The experimental and characterization results revealed that despite the addition of TiB₂, the hard and brittle Al₃Ti phase formation in the composites was suppressed and hence, their ductility was retained. It was found that yttrium content of 0.3 ?wt% was the optimum amount which created advantageous spark plasma sintering conditions, and the addition of 0.3 ?wt% promoted the formation of bi-modal size grains (ultra-fine and nano) along with micro grains, Ω and other nano precipitates, resulting in a significant enhancement in the composite properties. The formation of ultra-fine and nanograins may be attributed to the combined effect of melting and rapid solidification at necking zones due to Joule's heating and thermo-mechanical fatigue. Among all the sintered composites, the highest hardness (137 HV), ultimate tensile strength (UTS) (496 ?MPa), yield strength (YS) (438 ?MPa) with 15.7% elongation were obtained in the sintered sample reinforced with 1.0 ?wt% TiB₂ and 0.3 ?wt% yttrium.     

碳纳米管增强环氧树脂基复合材料的制备及其力学性能

通过对多壁碳纳米管进行表面处理,用超声分散和模具浇注成型法制备了碳纳米管/环氧树脂纳米复合材料。研究了碳纳米管含量和表面处理对碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料力学性能和断面形貌的影响,分析了碳纳米管对环氧树脂的增强机理。结果表明,随着碳纳米管含量的增加,碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度及模量先增加后减小;当碳纳米管的质量分数为0.5%时,复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量分别达到最大值69.8MPa、136.9MPa和3.72GPa,比纯环氧树脂提高了33.9%、29.3%和4.8%;当碳纳米管的质量分数为1.5%时,拉伸模量达到最大值2050.5MPa,比纯环氧树脂提高了7.3%。     

碳纤维增强碳化硅复合材料的力学性能与界面

以A1N和Y2O3为烧结助剂,采用先驱体转化-热压烧结的方法制备了Cf／SiC复合材料．研究了烧结温度对复合材料界面和力学性能的影响及烧结助剂对显微结构的影响．结果表明由于烧结时晶界液相和SiC-A1N固溶体的形成,当烧结温度为1750℃时,复合材料具有较高的致密度和较好的力学性能;当烧结温度升为1800℃时,在复合材料密度增大的同时,其力学性能也大幅度提高,此时复合材料抗弯强度与断裂韧性分别高达691.6MPa和20.7MPa·m1/2,复合材料呈现韧性断裂;进一步提高烧结温度至1850℃时,虽然复合材料的密度有所增加,但由于纤维,基体界面结合过强以及纤维本身性能退化加剧,复合材料呈现典型的脆性断裂,其力学性能急剧降低;纤维／基体的界面是导致纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料性能的关键因素,其中,纤维的脱粘与拔出是主要的增韧因素．     

Aluminum matrix composites reinforced by molybdenum-coated carbon nanotubes

To extend the application of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and explore novel aluminum matrix composites, CNTs were coated by molybdenum layers using metal organic chemical vapor deposition, and then Mo-coated CNT (Mo-CNT)/Al composites were prepared by the combination processes of powder mixing and spark plasma sintering. The influences of powder mixing and Mo-CNT content on the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of the composites were investigated. The results show that magnetic stirring is better than mechanical milling for mixing the Mo-CNTs and Al powders. The electrical conductivity of the composites decreases with increasing Mo-CNT content. When the Mo-CNT content is 0.5wt%, the tensile strength and hardness of Mo-CNT/Al reach their maximum values. The tensile strength of 0.5wt% Mo-CNT/Al increases by 29.9%, while the electrical conductivity only decreases by 7.1%, relative to sintered pure Al. The phase analysis of Mo-CNT/Al composites reveals that there is no formation of Al carbide in the composites.     

反应键合B4C–SiC复合材料的组织和力学性能

Reaction-bonded B₄C–SiC composites are highly promising materials for numerous advanced technological applications. However, their microstructure evolution mechanism remains unclear. Herein, B₄C–SiC composites were fabricated through the Si-melt infiltration process. The influences of the sintering time and the B₄C content on the mechanical properties, microstructure, and phase evolution were investigated. X-ray diffraction results showed the presence of SiC, boron silicon, boron silicon carbide, and boron carbide. Scanning electron microscopy results showed that with the increase in the boron carbide content, the Si content decreased and the unreacted B₄C amount increased when the sintering temperature reached 1650°C and the sintering time reached 1 h. The unreacted B₄C diminished with increasing sintering time and temperature when B₄C content was lower than 35wt%. Further microstructure analysis showed a transition area between B₄C and Si, with the C content marginally higher than in the Si area. This indicates that after the silicon infiltration, the diffusion mechanism was the primary sintering mechanism of the composites. As the diffusion process progressed, the hardness increased. The maximum values of the Vickers hardness, flexural strength, and fracture toughness of the reaction-bonded B₄C–SiC ceramic composite with 12wt% B₄C content sintered at 1600°C for 0.5 h were about HV 2400, 330 MPa, and 5.2 MPa·m0.5, respectively.     

热压烧结C-SiC-B_4C复合材料组织与性能(Ⅰ)

以Cfg,SiC,B4C,TiO2为原料,热压工艺为1750~1 900℃×30 min,25 MPa,制备了C-SiC-B4C复合材料,并研究了材料的组织与性能.结果表明随热压温度升高,复合材料的体积密度、抗折强度、断裂韧性均升高;相同热压温度下随Cfg含量增加,其抗折强度降低、断裂韧性升高.在1 900℃热压,原料质量配比(质量分数,%)为Cfg20,SiC 61.7,B4C 12.3和TiO26时,复合材料的综合力学性能最佳,抗折强度为142.5MPa,断裂韧性为4.8 MPa.m21.复合材料的主晶相为层状结构的Cfg,在Cfg层间为SiC,B4C和原位生成的TiB2颗粒.复合材料的增...     

Effects of Gd solutes on hardness and yield strength of Mg alloys

Relative contribution of individual strengthening mechanisms to the yield strength of Mg–0–15 wt%Gd alloys were investigated.Alloys with different grain size were prepared by adding Zr and hot extrusion.Hardness and tensile/compression yield strength were tested on the alloys after solid solution treatment and extrusion.HallPetch constants were calculated with hardness and tensile/compressive data.The results showed that the hardness of Mg–Gd alloys with similar Gd content and different grain size were almost the same,which indicates that grain size had little effect on hardness.The hardness linearly increased with rising Gd content(d H_v/dc≈25 kg mm~(-2)/at%Gd).The tensile and compressive yield strengths enhanced with the increase of Gd content for all alloys in different conditions.In addition,the tensile/compressive(t/c)yield asymmetry of extruded alloys decreased with increasing Gd content.Large t/c yield asymmetry ratio(1.77)was observed for pure Mg,and with increasing Gd content this value decreased to 1.With the increasing of tensile strength,the stress intensity factor,k_y,decreased from 0.27 MPa m~(1/2)for Mg–2 wt%Gd alloy to 0.19 MPa m~(1/2) for Mg–5 wt%Gd alloy,then increased to 0.29 MPa m~(1/2) for Mg–15 wt%Gd alloy.However,k_yincreased linearly form 0.16–0.31 MPa for compression test.The influence of grain size strengthening was eliminated,and the yield strength of tension and compression both linearly increased with c~n,where c is the atom concentration of Gd,and n=1/2 or 2/3.     

反应热压法制备B4C基复合材料的烧结致密化研究

通过在B4C中添加Si3N4以及少量的SiC和TiC,在1 820~1 900℃,30 MPa的热压条件下反应生成了B4C基轻质复合材料,烧结助剂为(Al2O3+Y2O3)。结合材料的断口SEM形貌,分析讨论了烧结致密化过程,结果表明:在相同烧结温度下,随基体相B4C含量的增多,复合材料变得更难烧结;对同成分组成的复合材料来说,随着烧结温度的升高,最终得到的材料致密度有所提高。两步烧结过程中的降温保温阶段,有利于放热反应的彻底进行,使最终复相陶瓷组织中含有少量细小的TiB2和BN相,同时,放热反应可以维持致密化进程的继续进行,这对于提高复合材料的强度和韧性有利。     

机械合金化法制备的Cu/SiC纳米复合材料的组织、热性能和力学性能评估

Nano-sized silicon carbide (SiC: 0wt%, 1wt%, 2wt%, 4wt%, and 8wt%) reinforced copper (Cu) matrix nanocomposites were manufactured, pressed, and sintered at 775 and 875°C in an argon atmosphere. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy were performed to characterize the microstructural evolution. The density, thermal expansion, mechanical, and electrical properties were studied. XRD analyses showed that with increasing SiC content, the microstrain and dislocation density increased, while the crystal size decreased. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the nanocomposites was less than that of the Cu matrix. The improvement in the CTE with increasing sintering temperature may be because of densification of the microstructure. Moreover, the mechanical properties of these nanocomposites showed noticeable enhancements with the addition of SiC and sintering temperatures, where the microhardness and apparent strengthening efficiency of nanocomposites containing 8wt% SiC and sintered at 875°C were 958.7 MPa and 1.07 vol%?1, respectively. The electrical conductivity of the sample slightly decreased with additional SiC and increased with sintering temperature. The prepared Cu/SiC nanocomposites possessed good electrical conductivity, high thermal stability, and excellent mechanical properties.     

Wet spinning of PVA composite fibers with a large fraction of multi-walled carbon nanotubes

PVA composites fibers with a large fraction of multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified by both covalent and non-covalent functionalization were produced by a wet-spinning process.Model XQ-1 tensile tester,thermogravimetric analysis,scanning electron microscopy,differential scanning calorimetry,and wide-angle X-ray diffraction were used to characterize the properties of PVA/MWNT composite fibers.The TGA results suggested that MWNTs content in composite fibers were ranged from 5.3 wt%to 27.6 wt%.The mechanical properties of PVA/MWNT composite fibers were obviously superior to pure PVA fiber.The Young's modulus of composite fibers enhanced with increasing the content of MWNTs,and it rised gradually from 6.7 GPa for the pure PVA fiber to 12.8 GPa for the composite fibers with 27.6 wt%MWNTs.Meanwhile,the tensile strength increased gradually from 0.39 GPa for the pure PVA fiber to 0.74 GPa for the composite fibers with 14.4 wt%MWNTs.Nevertheless,the tensile strength of the composite fibers decreased as the MWNTs content up to 27.6 wt%.SEM results indicated that the MWNTs homogeneously dispersed in the composite fibers,however some agglomerates also existed when the content of MWNTs reached27.6 wt%.DSC results proved strong interfacial interaction between MWNTs and PVA chain,which benefited composite fibers in the efficient stress-transfer.WXAD characterization showed that the orientation of PVA molecules declined from 94.1%to 90.9%with the increasing of MWNTs content.The good dispersibility of MWNTs throughout PVA matrix and efficient stress-transfer between MWNTs and PVA matrix may contributed to significant enhancement in the mechanical properties.     

In situ reaction mechanism of MgAlON in Al-Al2O3-MgO composites at 1700℃ under flowing N2

The Al-Al₂O₃-MgO composites with added aluminum contents of approximately 0wt%, 5wt%, and 10wt%, named as M₁, M₂, and M₃, respectively, were prepared at 1700℃ for 5 h under a flowing N₂ atmosphere using the reaction sintering method. After sintering, the Al-Al₂O₃-MgO composites were characterized and analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results show that specimen M₁ was composed of MgO and MgAl₂O₄. Compared with specimen M₁, specimens M₂ and M₃ possessed MgAlON, and its production increased with increasing aluminum addition. Under an N₂ atmosphere, MgO, Al₂O₃, and Al in the matrix of specimens M₂ and M₃ reacted to form MgAlON and AlN-polytypoids, which combined the particles and the matrix together and imparted the Al-Al₂O₃-MgO composites with a dense structure. The mechanism of MgAlON synthesis is described as follows. Under an N₂ atmosphere, the partial pressure of oxygen is quite low; thus, when the Al-Al₂O₃-MgO composites were soaked at 580℃ for an extended period, aluminum metal was transformed into AlN. With increasing temperature, Al₂O₃ diffused into AlN crystal lattices and formed AlN-polytypoids; however, MgO reacted with Al₂O₃ to form MgAl₂O₄. When the temperature was greater than (1640 ±10)℃, AlN diffused into Al₂O₃ and formed spinel-structured AlON. In situ MgAlON was acquired through a solid-solution reaction between AlON and MgAl₂O₄ at high temperatures because of their similar spinel structures.     

Preparation and properties of C/C-SiC brake composites fabricated by warm compacted-<Emphasis Type="Italic">in situ</Emphasis> reaction

Carbon fibre reinforced carbon and silicon carbide dual matrix composites (C/C-SiC) were fabricated by the warm compacted-in situ reaction. The microstructure, mechanical properties, tribological properties, and wear mechanism of C/C-SiC composites at different brake speeds were investigated. The results indicate that the composites are composed of 58wt% C, 37wt% SiC, and 5wt% Si. The density and open porosity are 2.0 g·cm⁻³ and 10%, respectively. The C/C-SiC brake composites exhibit good mechanical properties. The flexural strength can reach up to 160 MPa, and the impact strength can reach 2.5 kJ·m⁻². The C/C-SiC brake composites show excellent tribological performances. The friction coefficient is between 0.57 and 0.67 at the brake speeds from 8 to 24 m·s⁻¹. The brake is stable, and the wear rate is less than 2.02×10⁻⁶ cm³·J⁻¹. These results show that the C/C-SiC brake composites are the promising candidates for advanced brake and clutch systems.     

玻璃纤维布对ACF/FRP结构吸波复合材料导电性能和吸波性能的影响

本文对以活性碳纤维为吸收剂,玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂为基体的结构吸波材料（ACF/FRP）的弯曲性能、吸波性能与电导率进行了研究。在未加入玻璃纤维布时,材料的弯曲强度只有32.38 MPa,而在加入玻璃纤维布后,材料的弯曲性能达到了357.8MPa;随着偶联剂含量的增加,材料的弯曲强度先增后减,在含量为10%时,材料的弯曲性能达到最佳。通过研究吸波材料的吸波性能和电导率发现,材料的吸波性能与电导率的变化规律存在一致关系,这为预测此类复合材料的吸波性能提供了一种有效手段。     

B_4C-ZrB_2-Al复合材料的真空熔渗法制备与性能分析

通过在B4C-ZrB2多孔预烧体中真空熔渗Al制备了B4C-ZrB2-Al复合材料,研究了该复合材料的物相组成和力学性能.结果表明:ZrB2的生成量影响B4C-ZrB2-Al复合材料的物相组成;随着ZrB2生成量的增加,复合材料的硬度先增大后降低,抗折强度和断裂韧性先降低后增大;延性Al的渗入是造成材料断裂韧性提高的主要原因.当ZrB2生成量为35%(质量分数)时,复合材料主要由B4C,ZrB2和Al组成,其气孔率、硬度HRA、抗折强度和断裂韧性分别为1.06%,82.2,521.5MPa和8.6MPa.m1/2.观察材料断口形貌可见较多的韧窝和金属撕裂棱,表明其断裂行为主要为沿晶和穿晶混合断...     

Effects of metal binder on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>-based micro-nanocomposite ceramic tool material

The Al₂O₃-(W,Ti)C composites with Ni and Mo additions varying from 0vol% to 12vol% were prepared via hot pressing sintering under 30 MPa. The microstructure was investigated via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). Mechanical properties such as flexural strength, fracture toughness, and Vickers hardness were also measured. Results show that the main phases Al₂O₃ and (W,Ti)C were detected by XRD. Compound MoNi also existed in sintered nanocomposites. The fracture modes of the nanocomposites were both intergranular and transgranular fractures. The plastic deformation of metal particles and crack bridging were the main toughening mechanisms. The maximum flexural strength and fracture toughness were obtained for 9vol% and 12vol% additions of Ni and Mo, respectively. The hardness of the composites reduced gradually with increasing content of metals Ni and Mo.     

单纤维拔出试验表征硼纤维/环氧界面剪切强度研究

设计了一种单根硼纤维拔出试样制备方法,并测试了不同树脂基体的硼纤维/环氧复合材料的界面剪切强度;研究了单根硼纤维拔出界面破坏过程.结果表明:单根硼纤维拔出过程中,首先在纤维包埋起始部位和包埋端部产生裂纹,最后包埋中间部位的树脂基体破坏.摩擦力承担着较大的纤维拔出载荷;加入15%的液体丁腈橡胶硼纤维/环氧复合材料的界面剪切强度为33.69 MPa.     

Mechanical and wear properties of Al-Al3Mg2 nanocomposites prepared by mechanical milling and hot pressing

β-Al₃Mg₂ intermetallic was used as a reinforcing agent to improve the mechanical properties of an aluminum matrix. Different amounts of Al₃Mg₂ nanoparticles (ranging from 0wt% to 20wt%) were milled with aluminum powders in a planetary ball mill for 10 h. Consolidation was conducted by uniaxial pressing at 400°C under a pressure of 600 MPa for 2 h. Microstructural characterization confirms the uniform distribution of Al₃Mg₂ nanoparticles within the matrix. The effects of nano-sized Al₃Mg₂ content on the wear and mechanical properties of the composites were also investigated. The results show that as the Al₃Mg₂ content increases to higher levels, the hardness, compressive strength, and wear resistance of the nanocomposites increase significantly, whereas the relative density and ductility decrease. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of worn surfaces reveals that a transition in wear mechanisms occurs from delamination to abrasive wear by the addition of Al₃Mg₂ nanoparticles to the matrix.     

编织结构三维仿真及其对C/SiC复合材料性能的影响

以连续碳纤维增强的碳化硅复合材料为研究对象,利用计算机仿真技术实现了纤维预制体结构的三维仿真;同时采用CVD PIP联合工艺制备了2.5D与三维四向2种结构的C/SiC复合材料,研究了预制体结构与复合材料力学性能之间的关系。结果表明:三维四向编织结构C/SiC复合材料的x向弯曲强度达到399.2 MPa,层间剪切强度达到38.1 MPa,断裂韧性达到16.0 MPa.m1/2,各项力学性能均高于2.5D编织结构的C/SiC复合材料的力学性能。