十字花科黑腐病菌一个致病相关基因的鉴定

十字花科黑腐病菌(Xanthomonas campestris pv.campestris,简称Xcc)8004菌株的一个转座子插入突变体186807,其Tn5gusA5插入位点位于一个推测的双组分调控系统的感受蛋白基因XC2229中.该突变体对寄主植物满身红萝卜的致病力显著降低.为了进一步证实XC2229基因与该菌致病力之间的相关性,本工作构建了该基因的缺失突变体DM2229.DM2229与186B07在寄主上的致病力基本一致,均显著低于野生型Xcc 8004.生化及表型检测结果表明,DM2229的胞外多糖(exopolysaccharides,EPS)产量降低,细胞运动能力减弱.用带有完整XC2229基因的pLALR6互补DM2229,互补菌株CDM2229在EPS合成、细胞运动能力以及致病力方面与野生型Xcc 8004基本一致.这些实验结果表明,XC2229是一个与EPS合成、细菌运动相关的基因.推测该基因通过调控EPS的生成和运动能力而影响Xcc的致病力.     

突变野油菜黄单胞菌α-淀粉酶基因在酿酒酵母中的整合表达

用定向进化的一种新方法,对野油菜黄单胞菌(Xanthomonas campestris pv.campestris)的α-淀粉酶基因(XAMY)进行PCR体外诱变后获得了一个编码的酶活性提高的突变基因,将其克隆到由rDNA序列介导的酵母整合型表达载体pHBM368上,得到重组质粒pHBM368XA.将pHBM368XA转化酿酒酵母S.cerevisiae INVScⅠ,获得了整合型分泌表达α-淀粉酶的酵母重组菌株XA01.对选择的3个工程菌α-淀粉酶表达的稳定性进行了检测,结果表明在完全培养基中连续培养80代,淀粉酶的酶活性仍然保持稳定.在淀粉酶自身信号肽引导下,胞外分泌效率可达50%.     

转座子诱变甘蓝黑腐病菌所获胞外多糖突变体的类型

根据对转座子Ｔｎ５ｇｕｓＡ５诱变甘蓝黑腐病菌所获得３９株胞外多糖突变体的３种胞外酶活性和在含２％葡萄糖的ＮＹＧＡ培养基上的菌落形态的检测结果，将突变株分成５种类型。Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交结果表明它们的突变位于基因组中的８个不同的位置，其中１个位于已鉴定的ｒｐｆ调控基因簇     

野油菜黄单胞菌中胞嘧啶脱氨酶注释基因的功能鉴定

胞嘧啶脱氨酶广泛存在于细菌、真菌中,而植物缺乏胞嘧啶脱氨酶,提示胞嘧啶脱氨酶可作为病原细菌的潜在药物靶标.胞嘧啶脱氨酶催化胞嘧啶脱氨形成尿嘧啶和氨,是嘧啶补偿途径中的关键酶,对一些动物病原细菌的致病性至关重要.胞嘧啶脱氨酶催化5-氟胞嘧啶脱氨形成5-氟尿嘧啶和氮,而5-氟尿嘧啶对细菌是致命毒性的.在野油菜黄单胞菌野油菜致病变种(Xcc)8004菌株的基因组中,XC0670注释为胞嘧啶脱氨酶基因.BLAST和SMART分析发现,XC0670、XC1949和XC3413编码的蛋白都具有核苷脱氨酶结构域.本工作分别构建了XC0670、XC3413的缺失突变体,从Xcc 8004突变体库中调出XC1949 Tn5插入突变体.由于各个突变体与野生型一样在含5-氟胞嘧啶的MMX培养基上不能生长,在以胞嘧啶为唯一氮原的NNM培养基上都能生长,而含有XC0670、XC1949、XC3413组成型表达构建的大肠杆菌在含5-氟胞嘧啶的LA培养基上都能正常生长,GUS活性检测显示这3个基因都不受胞嘧啶诱导.研究结果表明这3个基因都不具有胞嘧啶脱氨酶活性.致病性试验和致病生化因子检测表明,XC0670、XC3413与Xcc致病性、胞外酶、胞外多糖无关,XC1949与Xcc致病性相关,而与胞外酶、胞外多糖无关.     

Pathogenicity of EPS-deficient mutants (gumB-, gumD and gumE - ) of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris

Three extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) -deficient mutants of the pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, gumB - , gumD - and gumE- were constructed by Tn5 gusA5 mutagenesis in this study. The results of pathogenicity bioassay showed that three mutants had the obviously decreased pathogenicity on radish ( Raphanus sativus L. ) leaves. Because dead body of the bacteria still caused symptoms, it seemed that some unknown factors on the bac terial cell surface might play certain roles in the pathogenicity of the pathogen. The extracted raw EPS could lead to the chlorotic symptom on radish leaves, and its virulence was increased with the increase of EPS dosage, which suggested that EPS was a main component that caused the danage on radish leaves.     

Regulation of eight avr genes by hrpG and hrpX in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris and their role in pathogenicity

Eight putative avirulence genes in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) strain 8004 were characterized by Tn5gusA5 mutagenesis and gene expression analysis. The virulence test of mutants on Chinese radish showed that all mutants in individual avr genes except avrBs2 mutant were not significantly different from the wild type in virulence. The avrBs2 mutant showed reduced virulence and bacterial growth in planta. Gene expression analysis using β-glucuronidase as reporter indicated that avrBs1.1，avrBs1，avrXccB，avrXccC，avrXccE1 were regulated by hrpG, whereas avrXccA1, avrXccA2 and avrBs2 were not. RT-PCR analysis showed that all hrpG-regulated genes except avrBs1 were also regulated by hrpX. In addition, it was demonstrated that avrBs1　 was responsible for elicitation of a type III dependent hypersensitive reaction (HR) on nonhost plant pepper ECW-10R, and wild type Xcc 8004 was unable to cause HR on pepper ECW-20R.     

水稻白叶枯病菌的桔抗菌的筛选及其抗菌物质的研究

从稻飞虱（ＮｉｌａｐａｒｖａｔｅｌｕｇｅｎｓＳｔａｌ）肠道中分离、筛选出对水稻白叶枯病菌（Ｘａｎｔｈｏｍｏｎａｓｃａｍｐｅｓｔｒｉｓｐｖ．ｏｒｙｚａｅ）有抑制作用的桔抗菌，初步鉴定为芽孢杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓｓｐｐ．）．进一步的分析表明其抗菌物质是一种蛋白质．     

从国民体质耐力素质的区域分布谈运动员的选材

目的 探索国民体质耐力素质的区域分布与运动员选材之间的关系.方法 采用文献资料及数理统计法,对2005年国民体质监测的各省份成年组(20---59岁)共151 656人的肺活量和台阶试验指标进行了统计分析.结果 山东省国民体质耐力素质最高,西藏耐力素质最低.结论 国民体质耐力素质呈区域分布特点,为确定体能主导类耐力性项群运动员选材提供参考.     

镉对油菜花粉细胞内钙离子浓度的影响

应用激光扫描共聚焦显微系统(LSCM)和fluo-3 AM荧光探针标记技术,观察了不同浓度Cd2+对油菜花粉细胞内游离Ca2+的影响。发现油菜花粉经水合培养后,胞内Ca2+呈极性分布,萌发沟附近浓度较高,花粉管萌生部位浓度最高;胞外环境中Cd2+可使细胞内游离Ca2+的浓度升高,表明油菜花粉受重金属Cd2+毒害后,可通过调动胞质内游离Ca2+的变化而做出对外界刺激的应答。这一实验结果为探索重金属对植物的毒害机理提供了新的证据。     

Widespread adoption of Bt cotton and insecticide decrease promotes biocontrol services

Over the past 16 years, vast plantings of transgenic crops producing insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have helped to control several major insect pests and reduce the need for insecticide sprays. Because broad-spectrum insecticides kill arthropod natural enemies that provide biological control of pests, the decrease in use of insecticide sprays associated with Bt crops could enhance biocontrol services. However, this hypothesis has not been tested in terms of long-term landscape-level impacts. On the basis of data from 1990 to 2010 at 36 sites in six provinces of northern China, we show here a marked increase in abundance of three types of generalist arthropod predators (ladybirds, lacewings and spiders) and a decreased abundance of aphid pests associated with widespread adoption of Bt cotton and reduced insecticide sprays in this crop. We also found evidence that the predators might provide additional biocontrol services spilling over from Bt cotton fields onto neighbouring crops (maize, peanut and soybean). Our work extends results from general studies evaluating ecological effects of Bt crops by demonstrating that such crops can promote biocontrol services in agricultural landscapes.     

河蟹指环蛋白基因的克隆与组织分布

河蟹在水产养殖业中占据十分重要的地位。深入开展免疫防御机制的相关研究,是实现其健康养殖的可靠保障。通过RACE技术获得了河蟹指环蛋白基因的cDNA全长序列。通过RT-PCR法研究了该基因的组织分布和对鳗弧菌刺激的响应。河蟹指环蛋白基因的cDNA全长为1 257 bp,具有典型的指环结构域。河蟹指环蛋白基因在各检测组织中呈组成型表达。研究结果表明指环蛋白基因参与河蟹的多种生物学功能。     

产褥期下肢广泛性血栓性静脉炎并血栓形成1例

为探讨剖宫产术后并发血栓性静脉炎的诊断治疗及预防措施, 临床报道了剖宫产术后血栓性静脉炎并广泛血栓反复形成患者1 例的临床特点及诊断、治疗和预防方法. 经彩色多普勒超声诊断, 抗凝、溶栓、支持等保守治疗, 预后良好. 血栓性静脉炎治疗的关键是尽早溶栓.     

野油菜黄单胞菌色素的分离与稳定性研究

液体发酵野油菜黄单胞菌,生产大量菌液,通过离心、浓缩获得野油菜黄单胞菌色素干品,进行热、光照、酸碱度对色素稳定性的影响试验。结果表明,野油菜黄单胞菌黄色素在高温、长时间光照、强酸碱度条件下,性状稳定,吸收波长稳定在330 nm。     

芸苔EPSPs基因cDNA的克隆和表达载体的构建

作者从芸苔(Brassica campestris)中用RT-PCR方法获得了EPSPs基因的cDNA．与其他物种中的EPSPs基因进行了比对和分析发现：芸苔EPSPs基因的cDNA与欧洲油菜的同源性最高,为93％,与水稻同源性最低,仅为64％．将芸苔EPSPs的ORF片段插入到GTK融合表达载体中,为EPSPs的原核表达奠定了基础。