大学英语课程委婉语教学研究

人际修辞范畴中,合作原则和礼貌原则是会话中两条重要指导原则。委婉语作为一种特殊的语言文化现象,是人们交际过程中常常用到的语言策略。文章基于合作原则和礼貌原则视角探究英语中的委婉语,并对两者在委婉语中互补和关联进行分析。     

英语委婉语的应用及其表述

着重对英语委婉语在语言禁忌、生活避讳、礼貌交往和取得最佳交际效果等方面的使用现象作了全面总结，并从语音、语义、语法三个语言层面上对英语的委婉表述作了理论上的阐述，引导人们对英语委婉语从感性知觉到理性思辨的再认识。     

从语用学的角度分析英语委婉语

委婉语不仅是一种替代禁忌语的修辞形式，也是进行策略表达的语言形式。从社会语用学角度看。委婉语是语言交际中维系人们的社会关系和人际关系的重要手段。委婉语具有间接性、模糊性、可变性的语用特征，委婉语具有避讳功能、礼貌功能、掩饰功能、美化功能。要根据语境来正确、合理、得体地使用英语委婉语。     

英语委婉语的表现手法及使用特征

委婉语是社会心理在语言中的反映.避讳、礼貌和掩饰是英语委婉语产生的重要社会心理基础,使用“模糊限制语“、隐喻、替代、类比、降格陈述、省略和缩略词,以及借用外来语是英语委婉语的表现手法,时代变异性和语体差异性是其使用特征,传统委婉语和文体委婉语是其分类.英语学习者只有在了解和掌握以上内容的基础上,才能恰如其分地使用英语委婉语.     

英语委婉语的交际功能

委婉语是人类语言的普遍现象。不同的文化背景,不同的语言社团都有其独特的委婉语,并且承载着丰富的文化信息。本文从委婉语的避讳,礼貌和掩饰三大交际功能来分析英语委婉语,这有助于英语学习者对英语委婉语和英美文化的理解。     

英语中的委婉语表达探讨

委婉语是各国语言中普遍存在的语言现象.在英语中,委婉语的产生与宗教的影响和英语国家的文化背景有着密不可分的关系,同其他语言中的委婉语一样,英语委婉语被广泛地使用在人们活动的各个方面,发挥着避讳、礼貌、掩饰等交际功能.     

英语委婉语的应用及其表述

着重对英语委婉语在语言禁忌、生活避讳、礼貌交往和取得最佳交际效果等方面的使用现象作了全面总结,并从语音、语义、语法三个语言层面上对英语的委婉表述作了理论上的阐述,引导人们对英语委婉语从感性知觉到理性思辨的再认识。     

浅谈英语委婉语的社会功能及其对英语教学的启示

英语委婉语是人类交往活动中普遍存在的一种语言形式及文化现象,是调剂人际关系的"润滑剂".它的使用具有重要的社会功能:代替禁忌语、作为策略表达和礼貌功能.学习和掌握英语委婉语有助于增强西方文化意识,提高跨文化交际的能力;在英语教学中加强英语委婉语的知识输入和应用十分必要.     

益己原则初探－人类语言交际遵循的原则之一

Grice合作原则和Leech礼貌原则一般被学术界认为是语言交际顺利进行所须遵守的原则。笔者通过对英语委婉语进行语用分析发现：人们在语言交际中有时还须遵循着另一条与礼貌原则互为补充的基本交际原则－益己原则。     

从顺应理论视角看跨文化交际中的委婉语

委婉语具有间接委婉性,体现礼貌原则,是调节人际交往的润滑剂,在跨文化交际中倍受青睐。本文从顺应理论视角看跨文化交际中委婉语的解读问题。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.