外加电位对X80钢在满洲里土壤应力腐蚀的影响

针对埋地管道应力腐蚀开裂（SCC）问题,开展了X80管线钢（X80钢）在满洲里土壤模拟溶液中的SCC研究,以期对X80钢的SCC防护提供数据支撑。采用交流阻抗技术、动电位极化技术和慢应变速率拉伸实验研究了X80钢在不同外加电位下满洲里土壤模拟溶液中的SCC行为,并用扫描电镜观察了断口表面微观形貌。结果表明：自腐蚀电位下,X80钢裂纹萌生于点蚀坑处,SCC机制为阳极溶解（AD）;在外加电位为-850 mV和-930 mV时,X80钢的应力腐蚀受到抑制作用,SCC敏感性较低,-850 mV为最佳阴极保护电位。这两个电位下X80钢SCC机制为AD和氢致开裂（HIC）混合机制,其中-930 mV下SCC机制由HIC占主导地位;在外加电位为-1 000 mV和-1 200 mV时,X80钢表现出较高的SCC敏感性,SCC机制为氢和应力协同作用下的HIC。     

高含CO2油田腐蚀环境下16Mn管线钢电化学腐蚀行为

油田开发生产中，高CO2环境会引起集输管线严重腐蚀。为了给高CO2环境腐蚀防护方案提供技术依据，通过动电位极化扫描和电化学阻抗测试研究了温度、溶解O2对16Mn管线钢在高含CO2腐蚀环境下电化学腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明：随着温度的升高，16Mn钢的腐蚀电位减小，腐蚀倾向性增强，但腐蚀电流密度大大减小，表现出较好的抗温耐蚀性能；同样温度下，16Mn钢在饱和O2环境中相比不含O2时极化曲线的腐蚀电流密度减小，交流阻抗谱的电荷传递电阻大大增加，且低温时更显著，表现出较好的低温抗氧耐蚀性能。     

SCC Susceptibility of Steel 16Mn in Nitrate Solution and Its Mechanism

The SCC (stress corrosion cracking) susceptibility of steel l6Mn in nitrate solution was studied. The results showed that applied potential polarization would accelerate(anodic polarization) or retard (cathodic polarization) the SCC process. The study on phase electrochemistry revealed that there was significant difference in electrochemical performance between ferrite and pearlite of steel 16Mn. Pearlite preferentially corroded under the action of galvanic cell. The observation on time and in situ showed that corrosion started first at the phaseboundary between ferrite and pearlite, and the pearlite gradually corroded until disappeared, and then corrosion crossed the phase boundary extending into the ferrite phase. According to this, an anodic dissolution mechanism of SCC was proposed, on which pre-existing sting active path and phase electrochemistry (PEAP-PEC) jointly came into action (SCC mechanism of PEAP-PEC).     

控轧控冷对16Mn钢组织与性能的影响

探讨了控轧控冷改善16Mn钢性能的可行性,结果表明,合适的控轧控冷工艺,可细化晶粒,消除带状组织,显著提高16Mn钢的强韧性。此外,依据回归处理得出的冷速与晶粒尺寸及强度之间的关系式,可预报一定冷速下的晶粒尺寸与强度。     

碳钢CO2腐蚀产物膜生长行为研究

利用高温高压CO2腐蚀模拟试验、微观形貌观察和电化学测试研究了16Mn钢腐蚀行为随时间的变化,探讨腐蚀产物膜形成过程。随腐蚀时间延长,16Mn钢均匀腐蚀速率减小,腐蚀产物晶粒逐渐长大并堆垛紧密,逐渐成膜覆盖于金属表面,膜厚先增加后逐渐趋于稳定,对基体保护能力增强。随腐蚀时间延长,有膜覆盖的16Mn腐蚀电流密度减小,极化电阻增加。腐蚀初期的电化学阻抗谱呈现3个时间常数,随时间延长,中低频区感抗弧逐渐消失,完整的腐蚀产物膜覆盖金属表面而对电化学反应过程产生影响。     

低合金钢—硝酸盐溶液体系的SCC图

研究了低合金钢-硝酸盐溶液体系的应力腐蚀行为。测定了温度,浓度和电极电位对各种腐蚀类型及腐蚀强度的影响。建立了相应的温度-浓度-电位SCC图。确定了该体系的下临界电位和SCC敏感电位范围。讨论了采用阴极保护的可能性。     

Mn_2O_3超微粒子的制备及其光学非线性

本文合成了表面修饰的Mn2O3，超微粒子（UFP）有机溶胶，并采用简并的四波混频（DFWM）手段研究了Mn2O3有机溶胶的三阶非线性光学特性，得到了较大的非线性极化率X3．最后讨论了Mn2O3超微粒子的三阶非线性产生机制．     

16Mn钢焊接接头的Miner疲劳累积损伤可靠性模型研究

根据16 Mn钢对接焊接接头的疲劳试验数据,对Miner线性累积损伤准则进行了修正,提出了一定可靠度下疲劳累积损伤的计算方法,为估算16 Mn钢焊接构件在谱载荷作用下一定可靠度的疲劳寿命提供了依据.     

20钢和16Mn钢在模拟CO2驱环境的腐蚀电化学行为

为提供CO2驱油环境中地面管线钢的选材依据,本文通过动电位极化曲线和交流阻抗谱研究了20、16Mn钢在模拟CO2驱溶液中的腐蚀电化学行为,并对数据进行了拟合分析。结果表明：在饱和CO2条件下,20钢在低温阶段易形成具有保护性的产物膜,而随着温度逐渐升高,产物膜变的疏松,腐蚀加剧;16Mn钢在中低温阶段,随着温度的升高,腐蚀加剧,饱和的CO2极大的促进了腐蚀的发生。     

16Mn(HIC)钢硫化物应力腐蚀开裂实验研究

采用恒应变和慢应变速率拉伸实验的方法,研究了16Mn(HIC)和16Mn钢母材、焊缝在H2S环境中应力腐蚀开裂.结果表明:两种材料在酸性H2S介质中均发生穿晶型硫化物应力腐蚀开裂(SSCC);与16Mn钢相比,16Mn(HIC)钢有更好的抗SSCC性能,钢中的C,Mn,P和S的含量降低有利于提高钢的抗SSCC性能.焊缝及热影响区在焊接过程中,产生的粗大魏氏组织、偏析、缩孔和夹杂等缺陷,降低了焊缝的抗SSCC能力.但是,通过焊后热处理可以适当提高焊缝的抗SSCC能力.     

Physico-Chemical Behaviour of Rare Earth Elements and Ability for Corrosion Resistant

The physico-chemical behavior of rare earth elements in low sulphur 16Mn steel and their ability to enhance the corrosion resistance of the steel in sea water studied in this paper. The results indicate that Ce and La in 16Mn steel all have the abilities such as deoxidation, desulphidation, refining grains and cleaning grain boundaries and matrix etc. The anodic and cathodic polarization curves show that the rare earth elements added in 16Mn steel enhance the corrosion resistance of the steel in sea water.     

300M超高强度钢电化学性能及应力腐蚀开裂

采用动电位扫描技术和慢应变速率拉伸试验研究了超高强度钢300M在3.5%NaCl溶液中的应力腐蚀行为,并利用扫描电镜观察了不同外加电位下的断口形貌.300M钢在3.5%NaCl溶液中开路电位下的应力腐蚀开裂机制为阳极溶解型,Cl-的存在明显地增加了材料的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性.阳极电位-600 mV下300M钢溶解速率加快,表现出较高的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性,断面收缩率损失由开路电路下的52.6%升高至99.5%,裂纹起源于表面点蚀坑处,应力腐蚀开裂为阳极溶解型机制.阴极电位-800 mV下材料处于阴极保护电位范围,表现出较低的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性,强度和韧度与空气中拉伸的数值相近,开裂机制为阳极溶解和氢致开裂协同作用.在更低电位(低于-950 mV)下,300M钢的应力腐蚀开裂机制为氢致开裂,在氢和拉应力的共同作用下表现出很大的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性.     

硫化氢环境下两种不锈钢的应力腐蚀开裂行为

用U形弯试样浸泡和慢应变速率拉伸实验研究了3Cr17Ni7Mo2SiN和00Cr22Ni5Mo3N(2205)不锈钢在硫化氢介质中的应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)行为.2205不锈钢的SCC萌生孕育期较长,在pH较低的饱和H2S溶液中具有明显的SCC敏感性,其SCC敏感性随溶液pH值的升高或H2S含量的降低而迅速降低.3Cr17Ni7Mo2SiN的SCC孕育期均低于2205不锈钢,在pH≤4.5、H2S的质量浓度≥103mg·L-1的H2S介质中均具有明显的SCC敏感性,其SCC敏感性受pH值和H2S含量变化影响较小.3Cr17Ni7Mo2SiN的SCC以沿晶裂纹萌生,扩展后转变为穿晶应力腐蚀开裂;2205不锈钢近表面处首先发生奥氏体-铁素体相间氢致开裂,并促进SCC萌生,其SCC为穿晶应力腐蚀开裂.     

Effect of hydrogen on the stress corrosion cracking behavior of X80 pipeline steel in Ku'erle soil simulated solution

Hydrogen was a key factor resulting in stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of X80 pipeline steel in Ku'erle soil simulated solution. In this article, the effect of hydrogen on the SCC susceptibility of X80 steel was investigated further by slow strain rate tensile test, the surface fractures were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the fracture mechanism of SCC was discussed. The results indicate that hydrogen increases the SCC susceptibility. The SEM micrographs of hydrogen precharged samples presents a brittle quasi-cleavage feature, and pits facilitate the transgranular crack initiation. In the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement, the decreased polarization resistance and the pitting resistance of samples with hydrogen indicate that hydrogen increases the dissolution rate and deteriorates the pitting corrosion resistance. The potentiodynamic polarization curves present that hydrogen also accelerates the dissolution rate of the crack tip.     

钼对低合金钢硝酸盐体系应力腐蚀的影响

以高风温热风炉用钢的沿晶应力腐蚀开裂问题为背景,研究了Ｍｏ对低合金钢在硝酸盐溶液中的应力腐蚀行为。结果表明,低合金钢中加入合金元素将使钢中贝氏体和／或珠光体含量增大,从而提高了材料的稳定性和抗ＳＣＣ耐蚀性。提出了低合金钢／硝酸盐溶液体系的“温度－钼含量－ＳＣＣ图”。