锅炉汽包管接头组合结构的温度分布二维有限元分析

用有限元方法对锅炉汽包和下降管组合结构的温度分布进行了计算，计算时考虑了锅炉启停过程中汽水间放热系数不同所引起汽包上下壁温差，以及下降管接头的存在对汽包筒体温度分布的影响，为正确计算锅炉汽包的热应力及其低周疲劳寿命提供了依据。     

基于自适应神经模糊系统模型的锅炉汽包应力在线计算与 …

汽包寿命的在线监测是关系是关系自然循环锅炉运行与经济性的重要课题。实现寿命监测的关键是寻找适合在线计算的应力模型,针对建立模型的需要,制订了假想工况变动过程,并以此作为边界条件对锅炉汽包的温度、应力状况进行了三维有限元计算,采用自适应神经模糊系统（ＡＮＦＩＳ）再现有限元数值计算结果,从而建立了新的应力模型,在所建模型的基础上对原有电站锅炉汽包应力监测系统的测点布置做了相应的调整,改进后的方法仅提高     

基于自适应神经模糊系统模型的锅炉汽包应力在线计算与监测

汽包寿命的在线监测是关系到自然循环锅炉运行安全与经济性的重要课题 .实现寿命监测的关键是寻找适合在线计算的应力模型 .针对建立模型的需要 ,制订了假想工况变动过程 ,并以此作为边界条件对锅炉汽包的温度、应力状况进行了三维有限元计算 .采用自适应神经模糊系统( ANFIS)再现有限元数值计算结果 ,从而建立了新的应力模型 .在所建模型的基础上对原有电站锅炉汽包应力监测系统的测点布置做出了相应的调整 .改进后的方法不仅提高了运算速度 ,减少了测点数量 ,而且继承了数值计算的精度 .由于数值计算的引入 ,克服了现场实验方法难以获得大样本数量的缺陷 ,并有利于进行事故状态的模拟 .     

X窗口系统在电站仿真机中的应用

电站仿真培训系统（电站仿真机）是培训电厂运行人员的得力工具。要建造一台性能比较理想的电站仿真机，除了要有完善的炉、机、电数学模型外，运行这些数学模型的计算机系统的选型，数据通讯方法，人机界面等也是十分重要的因素。介绍了Ｘ窗口系统的特点及其结构，然后结合６００ＭＷ电站仿真机的计算机系统，描述了使用Ｘ技术的计算机硬件系统，并通过６００ＭＷ电站仿真机中操作员站的仿真实现，给出了一般的Ｘ程序的结构，最后通过操作员站中变化图形的仿真实现，介绍了Ｍｏｔｉｆｗｉｄｇｅｔ的实现方法。所述内容已在６００ＭＷ电站仿真机中得到实际应用，并取得满意的效果。     

性能监测分析与诊断系统在 350 MW 仿真机中的应用

为了增加电站仿真机的功能和验证诊断系统的正确性，把已开发的大型机组性能监测分析与诊断系统在３５０ＭＷ仿真机中进行了应用。文中给出了整体系统的硬件和软件构成，诊断系统与仿真机的连接方式，以及用于仿真机的性能监测分析与诊断系统的主要功和运行实例。该系统已用于华能福州电厂ＦＺ３５０全工况实时仿真系统中，并且为仿真机提供了有效的辅助功能。     

锅炉汽包下降管区域三维有限元应力集中分析

针对亚临界锅炉汽包内插式接管结构，以300 MW机组锅炉汽包的　670　mm×125　mm下降管接管为例，通过三维有限元计算方法，定量分析了几种不同插式接管的内压应力集中水平．为了减小内插式接管结构内伸段对锅炉水循环的影响，将其头部加工成马鞍形．通过对比分析，得出以下结论有内伸段的内插式接管结构比平齐内插式接管结构的应力集中水平低得多；有马鞍形内伸段的内插式接管结构不仅能保持上述特点，而且能减小对下降管口区域工质流动的影响，从而保证锅炉的水循环安全．     

600MW机组给水系统的稳定切换操作分析

在锅炉MFT中，汽包水位引起的故障率占70%～80%，在给水引起的水位事故中，由于给水泵在启动、停止和运行中的泵组切换而造成的锅炉MFT比例是相当大的，易发生汽包水位高、低而引发锅炉MFT动作事故。大容量机组与小容量机组相比，汽包的水容积小得多，缓冲能力很小，从而大容量机组发生的汽包水位事故比小容量机组的机率大很多。针对大唐贵州发耳发电有限公司机组，对给水泵启动、运行、停止过程中的切换进行分析，确保锅炉汽包水位的稳定，以保证机组正常运行的安全、经济性。     

300MW机组汽包壁温差的控制

为了保证汽包的安全运行和使用寿命，本文分析了300MW机组锅炉汽包壁温差产生的原因，并从机组启动、正常运行、机组停运、水冷壁泄露等方面总结出了有效防止汽包壁温差增大的措施。采取文中所提出的措施，可以将汽包壁温差有效地控制在合格的范围内，保证机组的安全稳定运行。     

实际电站锅炉的煤质评估系统

将动力用煤的煤质特性以及运行具体设备的参数和运行条件结合在一起，进行综合评估，消除单纯分析电站锅炉动力用煤煤质特性的局限性，利用人工神经网络模型和模糊数学进行系统分析和程序设计实现煤质工程分析方法，完成对实际电站锅炉用煤方案的自优化训练，大大提高电站锅炉用煤的综合效率，从而提高电厂的整体经济效益．     

锅炉汽包下降管区域三维有限元应力集中分析

针对亚临界锅炉汽包内插式接管结构,以３００ＭＷ机组锅炉汽包的６７０ｍｍ×１２５ｍｍ下降管接管为例,通过三维有限元计算方法,定量分析了几种不同插式接管的内压应力集中水平．为了减小内插式接管结构内伸段对锅炉水循环的影响,将其头部加工成马鞍形．通过对比分析,得出以下结论：有内伸段的内插式接管结构比平齐内插式接管结构的应力集中水平低得多;有马鞍形内伸段的内插式接管结构不仅能保持上述特点,而且能减小对下降管口区域工质流动的影响,从而保证锅炉的水循环安全     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that