天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川雪冰中δ18O的演化过程

2002年9月14日-2005年3月7日,在天山乌鲁小齐河源1号冰川积累区雪坑中连续观测取样,频率为1次/周,分析了其巾的部分表层雪样品和粒雪坑样品中的δ18O.结果表明:表层雪样品的δ18O具有明显的季节变化,且与月平均温度关系密切.粒雪坑样品中的δ18O在9月底至次年6月初变化较小,升华对雪坑1 m以下雪冰中δ18O的影响不超过-2‰,整个雪坑都较好地保持了δ18O的季节变化特征.但6月初-9月底融水对雪冰中δ18O的影响巨大,冬季形成的δ18O低于-30%的中、细粒雪层,经过夏季融水的改造,可成为δ18O-11.6‰的粗粒雪和冰片层.融水可使雩冰中δ18O的改变最>60%.在全球变暖背景下,冬季形成的低δ18O雪层经过夏季融水的改造,其内的δ18O可以完全被平滑.     

福建玉华洞降水、滴水和新生碳酸盐δ~(18)O传递及环境意义

为探究福建玉华洞石笋δ18O的气候环境指示意义,于2011年7月~2013年12月,在将乐县天阶山逐月采集大气降水以及玉华洞3个滴水点和相对应的3个新生碳酸盐沉积物的样品,并进行氢氧同位素测试,分析δ18O在大气降水—洞内滴水—新生沉积物的传递过程及其变化规律.结果表明:3个滴水点的δD和δ18O均分布在当地大气降水线(δD=8.87δ18O+17.59(R2=0.97))附近,表明滴水的δD和δ18O体现了当地大气降水δD和δ18O的平均水平;沉积物δ18O的变化范围小于相对应的滴水δ18O变化范围,更小于洞外大气降水,但3者都呈现出夏秋季偏轻、冬春季偏重的季节性变化趋势;与逐月大气降水量对比发现,沉积物δ18O受月"降雨量效应"影响较少,沉积物δ18O主要受冬夏季降水水汽源地季节性差异的影响.总体而言,玉华洞沉积物δ18O值存在较明显的季节特征,其波动较好的继承了当地大气降水信息,玉华洞石笋δ18O可以用来重建季节性高分辨率的古气候记录.     

东江下游大气降水氢氧同位素特征及水汽来源

大气降水是水循环系统的主要输入源,其氢、氧稳定同位素组成(δD、δ~(18)O)受区域气象、地理等因素变化影响较大,可以对环境变化做出快速、及时的响应,是研究全球和局地水循环特征的重要技术手段。东江流域地处我国珠江三角洲,季风环流通过影响水汽输送场的分布控制降水的时空分配。为研究区域降水成因及机理,本文采集并测定东江流域下游地区2017年逐日降水样品中δD、δ~(18)O,以月为研究时间尺度,分析其与气温、降水量之间的关系;利用HYSPLIT后向轨迹模式追踪降水气团的传输路径,进一步探讨区域降水的水汽来源及输送状况。结果表明,研究期间降水样品中δD的变化范围为-105.10‰～+9.98‰,雨量加权平均值为-57.88‰;δ~(18)O的变化范围为-14.80‰～-0.55‰,雨量加权平均值为-8.61‰,局地大气降水线为δD=8.60δ~(18)O+16.15(R~2=0.99)。月尺度下δ~(18)O最高值出现在1月份,为-3.47‰,最低值出现在8月份,为-10.17‰。δ~(18)O与气温、降水量均呈显著负相关关系,表现"反温度效应"和"降水量效应"。太平洋水汽带来的降水δ~(18)O、δD偏高,印度洋水汽带来的降水δ~(18)O、δD偏低,而南海降水气团中δ~(18)O、δD则随季节的不同而改变,表现为夏、秋两季明显较春季贫化,存在明显"降水同位素环流效应"。     

长江水中氢氧同位素组成的季节性变化

本工作测定了长江沿岸三个城市上海、南京、武汉从1982年10月到1983年9月年度中每月长江水中氢氧同位素的组成。观察到长江水中氢氧同位素组成随季节而变化,水中氢氧同位素含量5月最高,10月最低。长江水中氢氧同位素组成δD、δ~(18)O间的关系为δD=7.01δ~(18)O-1.94。     

基于实测冰芯数据的南极海冰厚度的数值模拟

根据我国第22次南极科学考察现场观测数据以及现场采集的冰芯分析数据,考虑太阳辐射、云量等因素对南极海冰厚度变化的影响,利用最小二乘法辨识气温与冰表面温度之间的关系,并以辨识结果所得到的冰表面温度作为上边界条件,依据实测情况取结冰点-1．81℃作为下边界条件,对一维热传导方程采用Crank-Nicolson格式进行离散,对南极中山站内拉湾附近海域海冰厚度变化进行了数值模拟,并与现场观测的海冰厚度数据进行了对比。     

西藏地热水的氢氧稳定同位素研究

水中氘和氧-18的分析广泛应用于地球水圈的研究中。研究工作者系统分析了世界各地雨水和地表水中氘和氧-18的含量,总结了规律。大部分地区雨水中氘和氧-18含量服从于图1所示的雨水线公式:δD=8δ~(18) 10(Craig,1961)。雨水中δD和δ~(18)O值随纬度、     

阿拉善地区降水同位素特征与水汽来源

基于2013—2015年阿拉善高原阿右旗的降水氢氧稳定同位素组成数据,分析阿拉善高原降水δD和δ~(18)O的特征与变化规律,揭示当地的水汽来源与迁移路径。结果表明:(a)阿拉善高原降水δD和δ~(18)O的变化呈现明显的季节特征,即夏季偏高,冬季偏低。(b)主要气象参数(降水量、气温、大气湿度和风速)中,气温是控制阿拉善高原降水δD和δ~(18)O的主导因素;通过与周边区域的比较,阿拉善高原当地大气降水线的斜率和截距较低,这是由阿拉善高原降水受到非平衡蒸发作用强烈所致;(c)HYSPLIT气团轨迹模型模拟和降水同位素分析揭示了阿拉善高原阿右旗降水主要来自西风和极低气团。     

天山东部哈尔里克山庙儿沟冰芯1953年以来的δ~(18)O记录

2005年8月在天山东部哈尔里克山庙儿沟平顶冰川顶部钻取了两只透底冰芯,其中一支冰芯定年结果为16.83 m,深度对应1953年.着重探讨了沉积过程和沉积后过程对该冰芯氧同位素比率(δ~(18)O)记录的可能影响及该冰芯1953年以来δ~(18)O记录的气候指示意义.降水季节分布的不均匀性、夏季高温引起的融化—渗浸—再冻结作用,以及冬季雪层中的水汽运移和积雪表面的升华可能在一定程度上影响了冰芯δ~(18)O记录,但考察时观测表明当年降雪仍约有50 cm剩余,且δ~(18)O与Ca~(2+)的季节波动保存较好,表明沉积过程和沉积后过程对于δ~(18)O的影响范围局限于年层内.1953-2004年庙儿沟冰芯δ~(18)O记录呈线性下降趋势,与同处哈尔里克山南坡的哈密气象站夏季温度的长期变化趋势一致,二者存在明显的正相关关系,庙儿沟冰芯δ~(18)O记录可作为该区域过去夏季温度变化的代用指标.     

中国东部温泉水和井水的氢氧同位素初步研究

对安徽、山东、辽宁的几处温泉水和井水的氧和氢同位素进行了对比研究,发现温泉水的氧和氢同位素值都低于井水的氧和氢同位素值。温泉水和井水的氧和氢同位素值都落在大气降水线附近,与Craig所作的大气降水线较为吻合。这一结果说明该地区温泉水和井水的补给源都来自大气降水。温泉水的δ~(18)O值变化范围很小,说明δ~(18)O值可能受该地区地质构造控制。温泉水和井水氧和氢同位素值具有明显的纬度效应,它们的氧和氢同位素值随纬度的增大而增加。     

广东省河源断裂带碳酸泉水化学特征及形成机制

为了解广东省河源断裂带碳酸泉的形成机理,全面认识碳酸泉形成过程,为碳酸泉的开发与管理提供科学依据,在河源断裂带地区采集了5组碳酸泉样品及18组非碳酸泉样品,开展了水化学特征分析及δD、δ~(18)O、~(14)C、δ~(13)C和~3He/~4He多种同位素分析。结果表明,碳酸泉主要水化学类型为Na-Ca-HCO_3型。δD、δ~(18)O同位素分别介于-43.32‰~-41.72‰和-7.06‰~-6.55‰,位于大气降水线附近,表明其补给来源于大气降水,补给高程在1 000~1 300 m。通过~(14)C法测年及修正后的δ~(13)C年龄校正模型计算得到碳酸泉的年龄在21~26 ka。碳酸泉点δ~(13)C的变化范围在-1‰~2‰之间,R/Ra(样品~3He/~4He与大气~3He/~4He之比)比值介于0~2.5,表明河源断裂带碳酸泉中的CO_2为幔源与变质混合成因,并以变质作用为主。     

Distribution of <Emphasis Type="Italic">δ</Emphasis><Superscript>18</Superscript>O in surface snow along a transect from Zhongshan Station to Dome A,East Antarctica

Surface snow samples were collected during the 14th (1997/1998) and 24th (2007/2008) Chinese National Antarctica Research Expeditions along a transect from Zhongshan Station to Dome A. The stable oxygen isotope ratios of these samples were measured to investigate their relationships with temperature and geographical parameters (latitude, longitude, altitude and distance to the coast). The results reveal a strong positive correlation (R=0.945) between δ¹⁸O and mean annual temperature, with a gradient of 0.84‰°C ^–1, which is a little higher than that in Terre Adelie Land. Regression analyses also show that the δ¹⁸O of surface snow is strongly correlated with distance to the coast (R=0.942), latitude (R=0.942), and altitude (R=0.941). But no significant correlation was found between δ¹⁸O and longitude in study area. Altitude should be the most important factor influencing the δ¹⁸O distribution because of distinctive topography. The δ¹⁸O-altitude and T-altitude gradients along this transect are determined to be –1.1‰/100 m and 1.31°C/100 m, respectively.     

轮古西地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩古岩溶储层碳、氧同位素地球化学特征

中—下奥陶统鹰山组碳酸盐岩古岩溶储层是塔里木盆地轮古西地区的主要油气产层 .为了弄清储层的成因类型、储层古岩溶过程中的流体性质和古水文条件 ,为预测和评价此类储层提供有关的地球化学信息 ,讨论了储层形成过程中记录的碳、氧稳定同位素特征 .结果表明 :轮古西地区奥陶系鹰山组碳酸盐岩古岩溶储层中的δ13C和δ18O值的变化范围较大 ,δ13C值为 -0 .70‰～ -6.5 0‰ ,平均值 -1 .76‰ ;δ18O值为 -3 .75‰～ -1 7.1 0‰ ,平均值 -9.42‰ .碳酸盐岩基质、冲积岩和方解石胶结物的δ13C和δ18O分布具有一定的差异 .三类样品的δ18O值均具有明显偏负特征 ,表明在碳酸盐岩成岩过程中受到大气成因的淡水影响 ,反映了当时的风化壳岩溶成岩环境 .冲积岩样品的δ13C值的偏负程度较高 ,其物源可能来自石炭—二叠系地层     

东濮凹陷沙河街组三段湖相沉积与地球化学特征

通过对典型井位濮115井沙三段地层进行岩芯观察和薄片鉴定, 结合碳、氧稳定同位素和元素地球化学特征研究, 对东濮凹陷沙河街组三段碳酸盐岩及陆源碎屑与碳酸盐的混合沉积作用机理和成因进行讨论。结果表明: 研究井段地层中碳酸盐组分为自生矿物, 碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩中碳酸盐的碳、氧同位素分异明显, 碳酸盐岩中δ¹⁸O偏正, δ¹³C偏负; 碎屑岩中δ¹⁸O偏负, δ¹³C偏正; 混积岩为二者的线性混合。同位素特征指示碳酸盐岩在强蒸发、弱淡水注入的条件下形成, 湖水相对封闭, 水体较浅, 底层水体可能呈氧化状态; 碎屑岩形成于弱蒸发、多淡水注入的相对开放湖体中, 湖平面较高, 底层水体可能缺氧; 混积岩则形成于两者的过渡阶段。频繁变动的碳、氧同位素组成可能指示对应沉积期的气候条件和湖平面, 并指示湖盆底层水体氧化还原状态的频繁变动。研究井段陆源碎屑含量逐渐减少, 可能指示湖平面整体上处于下降期, 与之相对应的沉积期湖盆相对封闭的阶段占主导。     

Climatology of stable isotopes in Antarctic snow and ice: Current status and prospects

Stable isotopic composition in Antarctic snow and ice is commonly regarded as one of invaluable palaeoclimate proxies and plays a critically important role in reconstructing past climate change.In this paper we summarized the spatial distribution and the controlling factors of δD,δ18O,d-excess and 17O-excess in Antarctic snow and ice,and discussed their reliability and applicability as palaeoclimate proxies.Recent progress in the stable isotopic records from Antarctic deep ice cores was reviewed,and perspectives on bridging the current understanding gaps were suggested.     

Geochemical characteristics and zones of surface snow on east Antarctic Ice Sheet

The surface-snow geochemical characteristics are discussed on the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, depending on the stable isotopes ratios of oxygen and hydrogen, concentration of impurities (soluble-ions and insoluble micro-particle) in surface snow collected on the ice sheet. The purpose is to study geochemical zones on the East Antarctic Ice Sheet and to research sources and transportation route of the water vapor and the impurities in surface snow. It has been found that the ratio coefficients, as S1, d1 in the equation δD =S1δ^18O d1, are changed near the elevation 2000 m on the ice sheet. The weight ratio of Cl^-/Na^ at the area below the elevation of 2000 m is close to the ratio in the sea salt; but it is about 2 times that of the sea salt, at the inland area up to the elevation of 2000 m. The concentrations of non-sea-salt Ca^2 ion (nssCa^2 ) and fine-particle increase at the interior up to the elevation 2000 m. At the region below the elevation of 2000 m, the impurity concentration is decreasing with the elevation increasing. Near coastal region, the surface snow has a high concentration of impurity, where the elevation is below 800 m. Combining the translating processes of water.vapor and impurities, it suggests that the region up to the elevation 2000 m is affected by large-scale circulation with longitude-direction, and that water-vapor and impurities in surface snow come from long sources. The region below the elevation 2000 m is affected by some strong cyclones acting at peripheral region of the ice sheet, and the sources of water and impurities could be at high latitude sea and coast. The area below elevation 800 m is affected by local coastal cyclones.     

生态输水工程对塔里木河中下游地区地下水循环特征的影响

利用环境同位素技术结合水化学特征,对塔里木河中下游地区生态输水影响下地下水循环规律进行监测分析。结果显示:塔里木河中下游各断面地下水p H值变化不大,矿化度和各离子差异明显,地下水水样以Na+、Cl+占绝对优势;矿化度较低的断面其离子浓度变化较小,反之,矿化度高的断面其离子浓度变化幅度较大;塔里木河中游δ2H和δ18O变化趋势基本一致,随着距河道距离的增大,δ18O的值呈增大趋势,下游H、O同位素变化波动较大,下游各样点距河道最近处(即50m处)H、O同位素最小,随着距河道距离的增大,H、O同位素亦呈增大趋势变化;塔里木河中下游地下水、地表水中δ2H和δ18O之间均呈明显的线性关系,中游地表水补给是地下水的主要来源;下游地下水中H、O同位素则普遍高于地表水,说明水体受到严重的蒸发作用,导致同位素富集外,也说明存在地下水对河水的补给。     

Preliminary evidence indicating Dome A （Antarctica） satisfying preconditions for drilling the oldest ice core

Lowest temperature and snow accumulation rate are preconditions for retrieving the oldest ice core from the polar ice sheets. The 10-m depth firn temperature at Dome A, the summit of the Antarctic Ice Sheet, recorded by an automatic weather station （AWS） was -58.3℃ in 2005 and -58.2℃ in 2006, respectively. The 10-m firn temperature is an approximation of the annual mean air temperature （AMAT）, and this is the lowest AMAT that has been recorded on the surface of the Earth. The stable isotopic ratios （δ^18O and δD） of surface snow at Dome A are also lower than at other ice sheet domes along the East Antarctic Ice Divide such as Dome C, Dome F, Dome B and Vostok. These facts indicate that Dome A is the ＂pole of cold＂ on the Earth. The total amount of snow accumulation rate in 2005 and 2006 was only 0.16 cm, equaling 0.016 m water equivalent per year, the lowest precipitation ever recorded from Antarctica. Preliminary evidences indicate that Dome A is a candidate site for recovering the oldest ice core.     

Water isotope variations in the snow pack and summer precipitation at July 1 Glacier, Qilian Mountains in northwest China

This paper presents the stable isotope data of the snow pack and summer precipitation collected at the July 1 Glacier, Qilian Mountains in northwest China and analyses their relationships with meteorologi- cal factors. On an event scale, there is no temperature effect on the δ 18O values in the summer pre- cipitation, whereas the amount effect is shown to be clear. By tracing the moisture transport history and comparing the precipitation with its isotopic composition, it is shown that this amount effect not only reflects the change in moisture trajectory, which is related to the monsoon activities, but is also associated with the cooling degree of vapor in the cloud, the evaporation of falling raindrops and the isotopic exchange between the falling drops and the atmospheric vapor. As very little precipitation occurs in winter, the snow pack profile mainly represents the precipitation in the other three seasons. There are low precipitation δ 18O ratios in summer and high ratios in spring and autumn. The Meteoric Water Line (MLW) for the summer precipitation is δ D = 7.6 δ 18O 13.3, which is similar to that at Delingha, located in the south rim of the Qilian Mountains. The MWL for the snow pack is δ D = 10.4 δ 18O 41.4, showing a large slope and intercept. The deuterium excess (d) of the snow pack is positively correlated with δ 18O, indicating that both d and δ 18O decrease from spring to summer and increase from early autumn to early spring. This then results in the high slope and intercept of the MWL. Sea- sonal fluctuations of d in the snow pack indicate the change of moisture source and trajectory. During spring and autumn, the moisture originates from continental recycling or rapid evaporation over rela- tively warm water bodies like Black, Caspian and Aral Seas when the dry westerly air masses pass over them, hence very high d values in precipitation are formed. During summer, the monsoon is responsi- ble for the low d values. This indicates that the monsoon can reach the western part of the Qilian Mountains.