QoS-aware multicast routing protocol for Ad hoc networks

1 .INTRODUCTIONA mobile ad hoc network ( MANET) is a multi-hopwireless network formed by a collection of mobilenodes without the intervention of fixedinfrastructure.Because an Ad hoc network is infrastructure-less andself-organized,it is used to provide i mpromptu com-munication facilities in harsh environments . Typicalapplication areas of mobile ad hoc networkinclude bat-tlefields ,emergency search,rescue sites and data ac-quisitionin remote areas . A mobile Ad hoc networkisalso usef…     

空间网络路由协议研究

空间网络的开放媒质、动态拓扑、分布式合作、资源受限等特点,使路由协议成为该领域的研究难点,在研究空间网络节点运行规律的基础上,提出一种空间网络路由协议,采用静态配置与动态调整相结合的路由策略,在网络拓扑变化时自动对路由进行调整。利用网络仿真软件NS2搭建了空间网络仿真平台进行仿真实验,结果表明,该协议信令开销较小,具有良好的网络性能,适合应用于空间网络。     

Multi-constraint quality of service routing algorithm for dynamic topology networks

An adaptive multi-QoS routing algorithm called AMQRA is proposed for dynamic topology networks, such as satellite networks and Ad-hoc networks. The AMQRA is a distributed and mobile-agents-based routing algorithm, which combines ant quantity system （AQS） with ant colony optimization （ACO） that is used in AntNet routing algorithm. In dynamic topology networks, the AMQRA achieves timely optimization for concave metric QoS constraint and fast convergence. The proposed routing algorithm is simulated in Iridium satellite constellation on OPNET. The results show that AMQRA not only outperforms the AntNet in convergence rate in dynamic topology networks but also can optimize concave metric QoS constraint and reasonably allot bandwidth to the load to avoid networks congestion.     

Distributed QoS multicast routing protocol in ad hoc networks

1 .INTRODUCTIONMobile ad hoc networks ( MANET) , also calledthe infrastructureless mobile network or self-or-ganized network,consists of a collection of mobilenodes sharing a wireless channel without any cen-tralized control or established communication back-bone .ad hoc networks have no fixed routers ;allnodes are capable of movement and can be connect-ed dynamically in an arbitrary manner . Usually ,these nodes act as both end systems and routers atthe same ti me . Nodes of these netwo…     

基于拓扑维护的自适应多信道OLSR路由协议

OLSR是一种应用于无线移动Ad hoc网络的基于链路状态机制的先应式路由协议。在OLSR中,网络拓扑的动态变化会使节点掌握的拓扑信息失效,从而导致路由表项不全,影响路由性能。针对上述问题,提出了一种基于拓扑维护的自适应多信道路由协议MOLSR-TM,该协议把拓扑维护状况感知和自适应算法引入OLSR,以调整HELLO控制消息的发送频率和邻居记录表、拓扑记录表的刷新频率。性能分析和仿真结果表明,MOLSR-TM能改善节点的拓扑维护状况,增强动态拓扑适应能力,提高数据成功率、端到端时延和网络吞吐率等性能。     

无线传感器网络的重叠分簇与边界搜索

无线传感器网络（wireless sensor networks, WSNs）由大量微小的传感器节点组成,分簇的网络架构能较好地处理大规模网络的自组织问题,因而成为WSNs提升性能和扩展性的标准方法。在拓扑发现、地理路由和目标追踪等应用中,重叠分簇能更好地满足要求,同时,辨别出WSNs的边界节点是重要的任务。与先前的基于节点的边界搜寻算法不同,提出了一种应对节点随机分布情况的自组织分簇算法。建立了重叠分簇,进而对重叠分簇进行分簇的边界融合,最后形成整个WSNs网络边界。仿真结果表明,该算法能够生成更为均衡的分簇,显著提高网络生存周期,并能有效的实现网络边界节点的搜索。     

Novel optimized routing algorithm for LEO satellite IP networks

A lot of routing algorithms have been proposed for low earth orbit(LEO) satellite IP networks in recent years,but most of them cannot achieve global optimization.The dynamic characters of LEO satellite networks are reflected in two aspects:topology and traffic change.The algorithms mentioned above are hard routing which only realize local optimization.A distributed soft routing algorithm combined with multi-agent system(MASSR) is proposed.In MASSR,mobile agents are used to gather routing information activel...     

面向桥梁结构健康监测的WSN分簇路由协议

在桥梁结构健康监测(bridge structure healthmonitoring,BSHM)的特定应用场合中,只根据节点地理位置进行成簇或使用单跳策略完成簇间路由,都会导致整个无线传感器网络(wireless sensornetworks,WSN)的不稳定。针对BSHM下的WSN,提出"能量分布"的概念,设计了一种能量均衡分簇路由协议(energy balance protocol,EBP)。通过二次分簇,使WSN中的高能量区域承担更多的能量消耗,设计基于区域划分的多跳策略以控制转发跳数。仿真结果表明:在BSHM的场景中,EBP与LEACH(low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy),SEP(stable election protocol)相比,其生命周期和能量消耗方面均有显著的正向提升。     

互联网AS级拓扑的局部聚团现象研究

互联网AS级的拓扑是互联网的核心协议BGP4赖以运行的基础，它对于路由的分析和研究具有重要的指导作用。但是，对于拓扑本身的研究却不如对于协议的研究来得全面和深入。聚团性是复杂网络的一个重要特性，它源于小世界网络模型，通常都用聚集系数来衡量。但聚集系数是一个宏观的度量参数，无法度量某些局部的微观聚团现象。本文将从不同的角度量化验证互连网AS级拓扑的强局部聚团现象。同时，通过量化分析指出PFP模型——目前被认为最准确的互联网AS拓扑模型——无法模拟互联网AS级拓扑的局部聚团现象。     

网络模拟器中分层路由协议的问题及改进

网络模拟被广泛地应用在网络研究领域,以测试和评价网络协议的性能。在目前被广泛使用的网络模拟器ns中,分层路由协议只能静态地计算路由,而不能在模拟的过程中动态适应网络拓扑的变化。本文首先深入分析了ns分层路由协议实现中的不足,然后介绍了一个经典的分层动态路由协议,给出了其在ns中的实现框架和细节,最后是模拟结果和性能分析。     

集中式网络拥塞控制的高效RPL路由协议

针对低功耗有损网络中采用博弈论的网络拥塞控制(game theory based network congestion control protocol, GTNCC)路由算法在路由构建过程中仅仅考虑无线链路质量不能使网络拓扑最优,以及在拥塞控制过程中由拥塞节点的子节点判断是否切换父节点不能快速高效地缓解网络拥塞等问题,提出一种基于多维度量结合的集中式网络拥塞控制(centralized network congestion control based on multi-metrics combination, CNCCMC)路由协议。首先,为了降低网络拥塞发生的概率,CNCCMC路由协议综合考虑了节点剩余能量、缓存占用率、无线链路质量和中继节点当前子节点个数等多维度量完成路由构建;其次,当检测到网络拥塞时,CNCCMC路由协议依据网络拥塞节点进行流量分析和判断的结果采取集中式的方式控制其子节点的切换;最后,在网络拥塞缓解过程中,提出一种“乒乓效应”避免机制。理论分析和仿真结果表明,与GTNCC路由算法相比,CNCCMC路由协议在降低网络拥塞发生的概率、延长网络平均生存寿命和提高网络吞吐量等方面的性能得到了有效提升。     

基于节点分级的NNSs跨层MAC协议设计

针对组网导航系统(networked navigation systems, NNSs)中节点高速移动、能量受限及通信时滞的问题, 融合了基于移动汇聚节点的交叉路由树构建及链式分簇相结合的路由协议(cross routing tree construction based on mobile sink and chain clustering, CRTCC), 设计了一种基于节点分级的跨层媒介访问控制协议(medium access control protocol based on graded nodes, GN-MAC)。GN-MAC采取了基于竞争的媒介访问方式, 结合CRTCC协议特点定义GN-MAC包格式并完成具有多级别节点的自适应虚拟分簇, 同时设计了改进型节点移动性检测算法, 作出了最优簇间切换决策, 提出了基于优先级的竞争机制以及多信道通信机制。最后通过算例仿真, 验证了GN-MAC在节点高速移动和多移动节点情况下, 时滞和能耗得到了有效的控制。     

一种基于跨层优化的MANET层次化组通讯协议

由于网络拓扑高度动态变化、带宽资源昂贵等因素,使得MANET组通讯协议研究具有高度挑战性。提出一种层次化并基于路由信息进行跨层优化的组通讯协议HCLP(Hierarchical Cross Layer Protocol)。HCLP综合考虑节点能力和节点之间距离两个因素,形成一个由超级节点和叶子节点组成的应用层覆盖网。超级节点之间用gossip机制、超级节点与叶子节点之间用单播进行数据传输,同时周期性调整和维护覆盖网拓扑。仿真数据验证了HCLP的高可靠、低开销等性能。     

无线传感器网络链路统计特性研究与应用

无线传感器网络通信的动态、易损耗特性为可靠自组多跳的网络设计带来了很大的挑战。路由决策需要动态获取链路连通统计特性以获取传输可靠性。提出了一种无线传感器网络传输模型，以及—种实时链路质量预测机制；扩展NS2的功能，设计实现了一种无线传感器网络模拟平台；利用该软件提出了一种基于链路状态的定向扩散路由协议（LSBDD）；仿真实验运行结果评价了提出的链路质量预测机制的性能，证明了该网络模拟软件的有效可行性，并且验证了LSBDD的可靠性、能源有效性、以及可扩展性能。     

LLN中基于环路避免的高效路由修复算法

针对低功耗有损网络(low power and lossy networks, LLN)中现有路由修复算法存在控制开销冗余、修复时延较大和路由环路等问题,提出一种LLN中基于环路避免的高效路由修复算法(highly-efficient loop-free based repair routing protocol for LLN,HLR-RPL)。该算法提出了3个优化思路:首先,采用一种修正后的面向目的地的有向无循环图(destination oriented directed acyclic graph, DODAG)信息请求消息(DODAG information solicitation amend, DIS-A),使得链路中断通告过程和寻路过程同时进行;其次,提出一种减少控制消息回复机制,避免所有接收到DIS-A消息的节点均回复DODAG信息对象消息;最后,提出一种链路中断节点的子节点切换机制,从而优化了网络拓扑。仿真结果表明,HLR-RPL算法在控制开销和路由修复时延等性能方面优于现有的路由修复算法,且能够彻底避免路由环路的产生。     

Distributed intrusion detection for mobile ad hoc networks

Mobile ad hoc networking （MANET） has become an exciting and important technology in recent years, because of the rapid proliferation of wireless devices. Mobile ad hoc networks is highly vulnerable to attacks due to the open medium, dynamically changing network topology, cooperative algorithms, and lack of centralized monitoring and management point. The traditional way of protecting networks with firewalls and encryption software is no longer sufficient and effective for those features. A distributed intrusion detection approach based on timed automata is given. A cluster-based detection scheme is presented, where periodically a node is elected as the monitor node for a cluster. These monitor nodes can not only make local intrusion detection decisions, but also cooperatively take part in global intrusion detection. And then the timed automata is constructed by the way of manually abstracting the correct behaviours of the node according to the routing protocol of dynamic source routing （DSR）. The monitor nodes can verify the behaviour of every nodes by timed automata, and validly detect real-time attacks without signatures of intrusion or trained data. Compared with the architecture where each node is its own IDS agent, the approach is much more efficient while maintaining the same level of effectiveness. Finally, the intrusion detection method is evaluated through simulation experiments.     

Distributed intrusion detection for mobile ad hoc networks

Mobile ad hoc networking(MANET)has become an exciting and important technology in recent years,because of the rapid proliferation of wireless devices.Mobile ad hoc networks is highly vulnerable to attacks due to the open medium,dynamically changing network topology,cooperative algorithms,and lack of centralized monitoring and management point.The traditional way of protecting networks with firewalls and encryption software is no longer sufficient and effective for those features.A distributed intrusion detection approach based on timed automata is given.A cluster-based detection scheme is presented,where periodically a node is elected as the monitor node for a cluster.These monitor nodes can not only make local intrusion detection decisions,but also cooperatively take part in global intrusion detection.And then the timed automata is constructed by the way of manually abstracting the correct behaviours of the node according to the routing protocol of dynamic source routing(DSR).The monitor nodes can verify the behaviour of every nodes by timed automata,and validly detect real-time attacks without signatures of intrusion or trained data.Compared with the architecture where each node is its own IDS agent,the approach is much more efficient while maintaining the same level of effectiveness.Finally,the intrusion detection method is evaluated through simulation experiments.     

基于蚁群优化算法的无线传感器网络路由协议

提出了一种基于蚁群优化算法的无线传感器网络路由协议RPBAA.该协议通过修改蚁群优化算法以适应无线传感器网络无全局标识、节点较少移动、资源受限等特性,提供了一种智能、动态、可扩展的多径选路传输方法来获取有效且健壮的通信,并通过全网能量均衡使用以最大化网络生命期,另外引入了数据分片机制来进一步优化选路效率.最后通过仿真验证了RPBAA协议的有效性和数据分片机制带来的好处.     

Optimizing on multiple constrained QoS multicast routing algorithms based on GA

With the rapid development of Internet, mobile networks and high-performance networking technology,multiple constrained QoS multicast routing optimization in networks with uncertain parameters has become a very important research issue in the areas of networks and distributed systems. It is also a challenging and hard problem to the next generation Internet and high-performance networks, and has attracted the interests of many people. This paper discusses the multiple constrained QoS multicast routing problem, which may deal with the delay, delay jitter,bandwidth and packet loss metrics, and describes a network model for researching the routing problem. The paper mainly presents multiple constrained QoS multicast routing algorithm (MCQMRA), a QoS multicast routing policy for Internet,mobile network or other high-performance networks, which is based on the genetic algorithm (GA) and can provide QoS-sensitive paths in a scalable and flexible wayin the network environment with uncertain parameters. The MCQMRA can also optimize the network resources such as bandwidth, delay, packet loss metrics and can converge to the optimal or near-optimal solution within few iterations, even for the network environment with uncertain parameters. Simulation results show that MCQMRA is an available approach to QoS multicast routing decision.     

基于战术互联网环境的自组织网络路由协议性能仿真与评估

战术互联网条件下的网络应用环境与民用网络相比，具有其特定的拓扑连接关系、移动方式和流量特征，而上述特点对于路由协议性能评估结果影响较大，针对应用背景结合路由协议评估体系，对自组织网络路由协议性能进行了仿真与评估，并得到如下结论：战术互联网环境下，移动性对路由协议的影响小于网络负载对协议性能的影响；同时，先应式路由协议比反应式路由协议更适合在网络负载较大的战术互联网环境中使用。