基于单神经元神经网络的无刷直流电机控制系统仿真

无刷直流电机是一种多变量、非线性、参数时变以及强耦合的复杂系统,利用传统比例积分微分(proportional integral differential,PID)算法控制无刷直流电机存在参数调整困难、自适应能力差、控制精度低以及抗干扰能力弱等问题.为实现无刷直流电机的高精度控制,在转速环中引入了基于单神经元神经网络PID控制算法,研究了无刷直流电机的数学模型及运行特性,提出了单神经元神经网络PID算法,最后比较分析了在电机双闭环控制系统中转速环采用不同控制算法下的转速阶跃函数响应,以及三相电流、反电动势和电磁转矩的运行状态.结果表明:单神经元神经网络PID算法控制下的无刷直流电机其转速的阶跃函数响应具有更快的上升时间、更小的超调量以及更加稳定的运行状态.     

基于自适应模糊PID方法的轮毂无刷直流电机控制与仿真

针对轮毂式电动车用永磁无刷直流电机转速PID控制精度低、控制不稳定和响应滞后等特点,根据轮毂电机参数的变化,利用模糊控制对PID参数进行在线自适应调整,提出了一种基于自适应模糊PID的转速控制方法,获得了高精度的转速控制。首先分析永磁无刷直流电机的动态数学模型,在MATALB/Simulink平台下,将模型按功能进行子模块建模,并通过与S函数相结合构建无刷直流电机的转速自适应模糊PID的双闭环控制系统模型,最后考虑车辆实际行驶情况,进行了电机系统运行工况的仿真分析。结果表明,采用自适应模糊PID控制无刷直流电机,能够实现控制精度高、响应速度快、无超调,且系统对干扰和参数变化具有较强的鲁棒性,明显改善对电动车用轮毂驱动电机的控制效果,提高电动车辆行驶的操纵性和稳定性。     

模糊自适应PID控制器在无刷直流电机控制系统中的应用研究

对于具有多变量、时变性、非线性、强耦合等特性的无刷直流电机(BLDCM)控制系统,传统的PID控制很难实现良好的控制效果.基于无刷直流电机(BLDCM)的数学模型,提出一种基于模糊自适应PID控制的速度控制方案.该算法根据电机转速变化,采用模糊控制原理对PID的参数进行在线整定,实现优化控制.仿真结果表明,模糊自适应PID控制具有转速响应快,超调量小等优点,使系统对扰动和参数变化都具有较强的鲁棒性,控制效果优于传统的PID控制.     

基于UKF算法的无刷直流电机转子位置和速度的估计

针对无刷直流电机（BLDCM）非线性严重而导致控制困难的问题,利用无轨迹卡尔曼滤波（UKF）算法设计了观测器,以估计无刷直流电机的转子位置和角速度,分析了在BLDCM系统负载变化、负载扰动、参数变化以及低转速情况下的估计结果,同时讨论了噪声统计参数的变化对估计效果的影响由此可知,良好的估计效果与UKF算法中各个参数的设置有重要的关系．仿真和实验结果表明,该转子位置观测方法可以比较正确地给出电机换相信号,实现电机的无位置传感器控制．     

基于模糊PID模型的无刷直流电机转速控制

摘要：无刷直流电机（BLDCM）是一种多变量、强耦合、非线性、时变的复杂控制系统,采用传统的PID控制很难实现无静差控制。本文针对无刷直流电机（BLDCM）提出了一种基于PID模型的转速控制方案,利用无刷直流电机的电压与转矩转速方程,通过调节PID参数来实现转速控制,采用模糊原理对PID参数进行模糊化,根据电机参数的变化,对PID参数进行在线调整,取得了高精度的转速控制。仿真和实验结果表明,采用本文提出的模糊PID控制方法控制无刷直流电机,能够实现响应速度快、无超调、控制精度高,且系统对干扰和参数变化具有较强的鲁棒性,动、静态性能均优于传统的PID控制和单纯的模糊控制。     

无刷直流电机无位置传感器控制下的转矩波动抑制新策略

永磁无刷直流电机位置传感器和转矩波动的存在限制了它的应用范围．为扩大无刷直流电机在精度较高的伺服系统中的应用，提出在实现无位置传感器控制的同时，减少转矩波动的新策略．无刷直流电机转子位置与电机的电压、电流之间以及电机电流与转子位置、转矩之间都存在着一定的非线性对应关系，通过对两个径向基函数(RBF)神经网络按自适应训练算法进行训练，训练后的两个RBF神经网络分别实现了无刷直流电机转子位置和最大转矩运行时参考电流的在线估计．根据估计的参考电流对绕组的实际电流进行调节，最大限度地抑制了因电流波形不理想引起的转矩波动，为无刷直流电机在高性能伺服系统中的应用提供了保证．实验结果表明了此控制策略的有效性．     

基于遗传算法的三环无刷直流电机控制系统研究

针对无刷直流电机的位置跟踪问题,借助于噪声滤波器、电机本体和三环PI控制器,设计电机位置跟踪模型,并借助改进的遗传算法确定PI参数的次优值,提供了一种基于智能优化技术的无刷直流电机位置跟踪控制系统设计方法。数值实验比较显示,该方法较之传统的参数整定方法更可行,能使控制系统的输出响应跟踪更快及无超调量。     

模糊PID控制器在无刷直流电机控制系统中的应用

无刷直流电机是一种多变量、非线性的控制系统,采用经典的PID控制难以达到满意的控制效果。将模糊自适应PID控制器应用于无刷直流电机的控制中,运用模糊控制原理对PID参数进行在线调整。实验结果表明,较之传统的PID控制,采用模糊自适应PID控制的无刷直流电机控制系统具有更好的动态和静态性能,达到了较好的控制效果。     

基于Matlab无刷直流电机建模与仿真

为了验证控制策略和电机参数设计的合理性,基于Matlah/Simulink平台,从无刷直流电机基本的磁链方程入手,详细介绍电机各个模块的组成,构建了三角波PWM控制的无刷直流电机控制系统的仿真模型,通过电机仿真,给出仿真曲线,验证了该模型的正确性.     

无刷直流电机神经网络控制器设计

无刷直流电动机在高性能驱动应用中具有良好的调整性能、高电压、高转矩、高体积比以及无电刷的优点。为了辨识、控制运行在高性能驱动环境下的无刷直流电机，本文设计了一种多层神经网络控制器。这个神经网络既能适时辨识系统的动态性能，又能控制电机使速度和位置跟踪预先选择的轨迹，且跟踪精度较高。在控制中，系统参数漂移和外界干扰可在任意时刻得到补偿，神经网络实现了自适应控制功能，仿真结果表明这种神经网络是有效的。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that