Existence d'une relation fonctionnelle entre la glycémie et la vitesse d'absorption du glucose par l'intestin

Summary (1) There is a functional relationship between the glycaemic level and the glucose absorption rate from the intestine.(2) Over a range of 125 mg % to 1400 mg %, the glucose absorption rates are decreasing as the logarithms of glycaemic levels.(3) Under our experimental conditions, the glucose absorption rate is zero at the glycaemic level of 550 mg %. Above this level, amounts of glucose related to the blood sugar concentration are excreted into the intestinal lumen.     

Influence de l'anesthésie au pentothal sur le transit gastrique et l'absorption intestinale des solutions de glucose chez le Rat soumis à des températures extérieures élevées

Conclusions L'élévation de la température extérieure (de 18° C à 45° C) diminue la vitesse du transit gastrique chez le Rat non anesthésié et le ralentissement de l'évacuation stomacale est d'autant plus important que la température de l'enceinte est plus élevée. Chez le Rat anesthésié au pentothal, la diminution du transit gastrique sous l'influence de l'élévation de température est beaucoup moins marquée que chez le Rat normal et le léger ralentissement de l'évacuation n'est pas proportionnel à l'augmentation de la température extérieure. L'élévation de la température extérieure ne modifie pas sensiblement l'absorption intestinale du glucose chez le Rat non anesthésié. Chez le Rat anesthésié au pentothal, l'augmentation de température accélère un peu l'absorption intestinale.

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Summary When the air temperature increases (from 18° C to 45° C) the emptying time of the stomach of the unan?sthetized rat is prolonged. A direct relation between the rise in temperature and the delay of the gastric transit can be noted. Under the influence of an?sthesia with Pentothal the delay in gastric emptying time caused by high temperatures is much less, and there is no direct relation between the rise in temperature and the slight retarding effect. Intestinal absorption of glucose is not noticeably modified in unan?sthezied animals when the air temperature increases. Under the influence of Pentothal an?sthesia, intestinal absorption is slightly increased.

     

Action d'un inhibiteur de la carboanhydrase,l'acétazolamide,sur l'excitabilité du cortex,du thalamus et du rhinencéphale

Summary The electrical activity induced by stimulation of the cortex, diencephalon and rhinencephalon was studied in the rabbit under the influence of a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, acetazolamide or Diamox. A significant decrease of the excitability was found in the diencephalon.The rapidity and the electivity of this action, as well as the blood pH variations simultaneously registered, suggest a specific inhibition of cerebral carbonic anhydrase by Diamox, although a participation of the metabolic acidosis cannot be fully excluded.     

Action de la thyroxine,du propylthiouracile et de la thyroïdectomie sur les acides nucléiques de la rate

Zusammenfassung Die Milz reichert sich nach Einwirkung von Schilddrüsenhormon an beiden Nukleins?uren an. Dies zeigt sowohl eine Zunahme des aktiven Zytoplasmas sowie der Zellkerne an. W?hrend derselben Versuchsdauer bewirkt Propylthiourazil eine leichte Zunahme des aktiven Zytoplasmas. Die Wirkung der Thyroidektomie ist derjenigen des Schilddrüsenhormones entgegengesetzt. Die Schilddrüsenhormone und die Thyroidektomie scheinen sich besonders auf die Desoxypentosenukleins?ure auszuwirken.      

Action de l'orientation et de la qualité de la lumière sur le développement des protonémas de Bryales

Summary The radiations coming from Blanc Brillant de Luxe' fluorescent stimulate the growth and ramification of protonema ofCeratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid. This stimulation is caused by red light (660 nm). Multidirectional lightening is more favorable than unidirectional exposition.     

Action d'une dose unique de rayons X,administrée en irradiation totale ou locale,sur les acides nucléiques de la moelle osseuse chez le rat blanc

Summary The biochemical effects on bone marrow of a same dose of X rays (700 r) induced by a total body irradiation or a local irradiation are compared. The ribonucleic acid and the desoxyribonucleic acid of bone marrow show a fall during days 2 to 14 after irradiation, followed by complete recovery on day 21. A significant difference is noted during this period between animals exposed to a total or local irradiation system. The changes consecutive to X rays induced by a total irradiation are prominenter and remain longer than in local irradiation. The direct effect of X rays is probably associated with secondary injury of physiological connexions or other substances affected in total body irradiation.

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Travail effectué avec le concours matériel de l'Institut National d'Hygiène.     

Action de la surrénalectomie sur les phénomènes thermoanalgésiques provoqués par la cortisone,l'adrénocorticotrophine,le formol,l'adrénaline,la morphine et le pyramidon

Summary Continuing previous experiments on the thermoanalgesic properties of cortisone and A.C.T.H. and the occurence of diminished reactivity following injection of formaline, it was thought necessary to investigate the action of adrenalectomy on these phenomena and on epinephrine, morphine and antipyrine analgesia. Adrenalectomy was performed 24 hours before the experiment. It dit not affect the action of cortisone acetate, but aboslished that of adrenocorticotrophine. The diminution of reactivity to pain which followed subcutaneous injection of formol, was not reduced but increased by adrenalectomy. It was observed that the rapid and transitory effect of epinephrine in normal mice was reduced or abolished by previous (1–3 days) administration of this substance, and also in animals which were shame-operated 1–5 days previously. After adrenalectomy the transitory action of epinephrine was replaced by a progressive, long lasting diminution of reactivity to pain, probably of toxic origin.Morphine analgesia, but not antipyrine analgesia, was reduced after adrenalectomy. Thus the participation of suprarenal glands in A.C.T.H. analgesia is very probable; in the case of formol and antipyrine it is excluded, while in that of morphine it remains possible. In the case of adrenaline, the problem seems to be very intricate.     

Essais d'élaboration des voies d'approche à la chimiothérapie du cancer. Action sur l'eau d'hydratation des tissus néoplasiques; action sur les protéines

Summary The recent successes in chemotherapy suggest that a solution of the same order should now be possible for cancer. The cause of cancer being still unknown, the therapeutic action aimed at is the creation in the organism of conditions unfavorable for cell multiplication. Certain of the factors essential for cell growth, such as the hydrocarbons, have already been studied in this light. The author has demonstrated the possibility of influencing the high degree of hydration of tumor tissue by the use of substances capable of effecting a homogeneous distribution of the dispersed substances in the aqueous phase. Furthermore, it was proposed to influence the protein repair accompanying cell multiplication by means of substances having an affinity for proteins. This was done to effect a condensation of protein elements before they reach the tumor, thus producing a return to the normal concentration of the free protein fraction, and, at the same time, a decrease in the turn-over of these elements through the tumor. Electrophoretic measurements made with theTiselius apparatus have made it possible to follow protein affinity and to suggest the synthesis of compounds containing quinone and imine groups which may prove valuable in future investigations along these lines.     

De l'action radio-protectrice exercée sur la muqueuse rectale par la cystéamine administrée par voie générale et par la cystamine administrée par voie intra-rectale

Summary The authors studied the lesions observed in the rectal and vaginal smears of the rat after a local irradiation of the rectum. They observed that an injection of cysteamine before the irradiation strongly diminishes the ratio of damaged rectal and vaginal cells. A local treatment with cysteamine in the rectum before and during the irradiation diminishes only the ratio of damaged rectal cells.     

Effets de l'actinomycine D sur le développement normal et sur les modifications expérimentales de la morphogénèse de l'oeuf de l'oursinParacentrotus lividus

Summary In the presence of actinomycin D (20–40 µg/ml), the development of the eggs of the sea urchin,Paracentrotus lividus, is slowed from the late morula and stopped at the blastula stage. The development is immediately stopped in the blastula treated with actinomycin D (20–40 µg/ml). The inhibitory effects of actinomycin D are prevented by deoxyribonucleic acid. Actinomycin D does not exert animalizing or vegetalizing effects. However, the enhancing of vegetalizing action of lithium and the weakening of animalizing effects of zinc ions and Evans blue have been observed in the presence of actinomycin D. These observations may reflect some difference in the state of dependence of differentiation of entomesodermic and ectodermic structures towards the nucleus.     

Actions de la néostigmine,du D.F.P. et du 3318 CT sur la sensibilité du rectus de grenouille aux esters acétique,propionique et butyrique de la choline

Summary The potentiating effects of Neostigmine, D.F.P. and 3318 CT (a selective true cholinesterase inhibitor) on acetylcholine (ACh), propionylcholine (PrCh), butyrylcholine (BuCh) and amyltrimethylammonium (AmT), have been studied using the frog's rectus abdominis. Neostigmine increases the actions of the three esters much more than that of AmT. Low concentrations of D.F.P. potentiate maximally BuCh but have practically no effect on ACh, PrCh, and AmT. 3318 CT potentiates AcCh and PrCh but inhibits BuCh and AmT.These results indicate the specificity of the hydrolysis of pharmacologically active doses of BuCh, on the one hand, of AcCh and PrCh, on the other hand, by different enzymes or the frog's rectus.Results obtained with high concentrations of D.F.P. and with association of the different anticholinesterases indicate that a maximal or nearly maximal potentiation of one of these esters is already obtained with the specific inhibitor concerned; the supplementary inhibition of the non-specific enzymes thus appears to have no or only a poor effect.     

Repercussions de l'hyperthyroïdie sur le contenu total en ADN du cervelet de rat âgé de 6 et 35 jours. Effets comparés de la LT3 et de la DLT4

Summary The total cerebellar proteins RNA and DNA contents from DLT4- and LT3-treated rats was studied at 6 and 35 days of age. The effect of injections of 5 g/j of DLT4 is comparable to that of 25 g of LT3 at birth, followed by 0.5 g every 2 days. On the other hand, injection of 0.5 g of LT3 every 2 days does not induce any significant modification of the total DNA contents in the cerebellum.     

Démonstration du caractère géographique de la parthénogénèse deSaga pedo Pallas et de sa polyploïdie,par comparaison avec les espèces bisexuéesS. ephippigera Fisch. etS. gracilipes Uvar

Summary The males of two species of Palestine,Saga ephippigera Fisch. andS. gracilipes Uvar have respectively 33 and 31 chromosomes in the diploid state.S. pedo Pallas, a parthenogenetic thelytoc species largely distributed in Europe, has 68 chromosomes and probably represents a tetraploid. The cells of the three species have identical dimensions and the polyploidS. pedo is even the smallest in size.