基于灰色模拟的灰色机会约束规划

针对不确定规划中存在灰色变量的情况，传统灰色规划方法将其转化为确定型规划后再求解，忽视了不确定因素的影响。本文提出了灰色模拟的概念、方法，给出灰色机会约束规划模型，并进一步给出基于灰色模拟和遗传算法的模型优化求解方法，较好地处理了不确定规划问题中的灰量。实验表明，优化方法适用有效。     

不确定目标机会约束规划模型及在指派问题中的应用

基于不确定理论以及不确定规划模型,研究了目标函数在一定置信水平下取得最值的一类不确定目标机会约束规划模型,并研究了指派问题的不确定目标机会约束规划模型,给出求解此模型的算法.最后,给出应用实例说明模型的合理性及算法的有效性.     

不确定多目标电源规划模型

在综合考虑电源规划方案经济、社会和环境等多元目标的基础上,汲取概率和工程模糊集理论的思想方法,通过对规划方案中不确定性指标进行分类和规格化,建立不确定多目标电源规划模型,并给出评价决策方案优劣的方法．应用算例表明,该模型能够处理在随机情况下不具有明显相关关系的系统多目标之间的协调问题,且求解过程中易整合决策者和专家意见,为解决不确定系统的多目标问题提供了一种具有实用性的方法．     

不确定环境下的物流配送中心选址模型

针对现实中普遍存在的不确定环境，提出了当需求量为一般的不确定量：区间数时，物流配送中心选址的区间规划模型，并依据不同的决策标准，将其转化为确定的单目标或多目标规划模型．基于Matlab模拟的数值实例也显示了该优化问题的现实性与最优解的多样性．     

复杂成组凝析油气田开发规划的递阶优化方法

对于带油环带底水的复杂成组(多个)凝析油气田,本文在研究解决开发中的综合技术经济问题的基础上,提出并实现了运用动态规划进行单个疑析油气田最优开发规划的思想,提出并初步运用了大系统分级规划及递阶控制原理进行复杂开发系统最优规划的思想。本文建立并求解了复杂成组凝析油气田开发系统最优规划的二级递阶优化数学模型。第一级是高阶的总体最优协调模型,第二级是低阶的动态规划模型群。并将全部研究成果应用于解决我国华北苏桥地区复杂成组凝析油气田开发系统最优规划决策问题。     

县级能源目标规划模型

县级能源经济系统是一个多目标的大系统。本文尝试建立目标规划数学模型,进行优化决策,论述其前期基础、模型概述、研究程序和算法思路。模型以兰考县作案例分析。     

资源分配的多目标优化动态规划模型

资源的有限束缚了项目投资追求的理想。系统内阶段的多样性,目标函数的多样化,状态的转移,阶段决策和总体决策策略的确立构成系统优化问题。针对多目标规划指标间的不可公度性,统一建立了n个分配方案关于定量指标和定性指标的相对优属度矩阵,并引用向量和矩阵统一给出了多目标、多阶段动态规划问题的分析方式,从而应用多目标模糊 优化动态规划方法建立了量纲不一的,既有定量目标又有定性目标的资源分配问题的数学模型。     

一类应急物资筹集问题的模糊机会约束模型

为提高应急物资筹集的有效性,提出了一种新的应急物资筹集决策模型和算法.建立了紧急市场采购条件下应急物资筹集决策模糊优化模型,给出了与其等价的模糊机会约束规划模型,提出了参数为三角模糊数时模型的确定化转化方法,并设计了基于模糊模拟的模型智能算法,该算法能够有效处理复杂的模糊机会约束规划问题,最后通过算例说明了该方法的有效性.     

机会约束规划在地对空雷达干扰资源优化分配中的应用

应用机会约束规划理论,研究了反空袭作战中地对空雷达干扰资源优化分配问题。首先,在给出雷达威胁等级判定模型的基础上,利用干扰压制区建立了地对空雷达干扰效果评定模型。其次,根据所建干扰效果评定模型,综合考虑干扰资源分配过程中存在的不确定因素,建立了双层模糊机会约束混合整数规划模型。最后,利用可能性测度理论,将干扰资源优化分配模型清晰化为双层混合整数规划模型,通过求解混合整数线性规划来获取优化分配模型的最优解。仿真算例表明:所建的干扰资源优化分配模型不仅能够有效处理分配过程中的不确定信息,而且能够在本级干扰效果最大化的同时实现全局最优化;模型的求解算法针对性更强,非常适合求解该问题。     

油田措施配置随机规划模型

措施规划对于延长油田稳定产年限，合理地安排稳产措施十分必要。针对油田开发实际中存在的不确定现象，利用规划论中处理随机现象的机理，建立了油田措施的机会约束随机规划模型，并采用遗传算法进行求解。在华北晋４５断块稳产措施规划中的应用结果表明，随机规划数学模型更能反映生产实际，是解决油田措施规划问题的有力工具。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that