三氟化硼—四氢呋喃络合物催化二乙氨基环硫丙烷的聚合反应

研究了二乙氨基环硫丙烷在三氟化硼－四氢呋喃络合物催化下的聚合反应。与使用ＢＦ３．Ｅｔ２Ｏ作催化剂时聚合物沉淀析出的情况不同，在ＢＦ３．ＴＨＦ催化下，可得到均相粘性聚合物，而且部分四氢呋喃参与了共聚合反应，通过改变催化剂和溶剂的用量以及单体的加料方式制得了一系列组成和分子量不同的共聚物，用元素分析，核磁，红外、分子量测定等测试手段对聚合物进行了表征，还讨论了聚合反应的机理。     

天冬氨酸与谷氨酸共聚反应研究

以天冬氨酸（A）和谷氨酸（G）为单体,在1,3,5-三甲苯（TB）和环丁砜（SUL）混合溶剂中,分别进行两者均聚及共聚反应,考察了溶剂配比、催化剂用量、单体配比、反应温度和时间等因素对产率、聚合物分子量和分子量分布的影响,并用FTIR和¹³C-NMR 对聚合产物进行了结构表征。结果表明,随着混合溶剂中TB含量增加、催化剂用量增加、反应温度升高和时间延长,产率和聚合物的分子量均增加。但催化剂用量过多和反应温度过高对聚合是不利的。天冬氨酸的反应活性大于谷氨酸,两者可以进行共聚反应,产率、共聚物的分子量及分子量分布随单体配料中A含量的增加而增大。不同A/G配比下得到产物的GPC谱图曲线为较窄的单峰分布,分子量分布指数（M_w/M_n,MWD）从1.34到1.87,数均分子量（M_n）范围从6000到11900。     

溶剂对MMA-BA-AA聚合物溶液的合成及性能的影响

研究了在溶液聚合中溶剂的种类,质量对ＭＭＡ－ＢＡ－ＡＡ体系的溶液聚合动力学,聚合物溶液的稳定性、粘度、聚合物的特性粘数、分子量及分子量分布、玻璃化转变温度等性能的影响,实验结果表明,在溶液聚合中,溶剂的选择至关重要,在良溶剂体系中,体系的聚合速率快,聚合物溶液的稳定性好、粘度小,聚合物的综合性能较好;溶剂的最佳用量为２５％－４０％。     

四苯硼钾在水—乙醇混合溶剂中的活度积及介质效应

在２９８．１５Ｋ下，对四苯硼钾在不同比例的水－乙醇混合溶剂中的活度积及从水到混合溶剂中的迁移自由能进行了研究，并对其在水－乙醇混合溶剂中的介质效应进行了讨论。     

丙烯酸单体用氧化－还原引发剂进行还原聚合

阐述了丙烯酸单体用氧化－还原引发体系进行的“还原聚合’．实验结果表明，聚合物的分子量主要受还原剂用量的影响，在低温下聚合可获得分子量分布窄的聚合物．     

正丁基锂-叔丁氧基钾引发丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚合

以正丁基锂－叔丁氧基钾引发体系合成溶液丁苯橡胶，调节叔丁氧基钾与正丁基 锂的比例，可以获得不同转化率下共聚物组成与原料组成几乎一致的宏观无规共聚物。 在一定的Ｋ／Ｌｉ比下，改变正丁基锂浓度可调节共聚物分子量。从产物的无规性（无 宏观嵌段聚苯乙烯）和分子量分布较窄两点出发，讨论了Ｌｉ－Ｋ两活性种互换的机理。     

侧链聚丙烯酸酯液晶聚合物的合成

对比了用引发剂引发和采取钴γ源辐射引发使单体聚合的方法，成功地制备了一种侧链聚丙烯酸酯高分子液晶－聚（（丙烯酸乙氧基酯）苯甲酸甲氧基苯酯）．通过钴γ源辐射引发的方法可获得分子量分布窄的目标聚合物，且分子量便于控制．对单体合成的方法和条件进行了详细的介绍．采用了ＤＳＣ，ＩＲ，ＧＰＣ，偏光显微镜等手段对中间产物和目标聚合物进行了分析和表征．     

光引发丙烯酰胺沉淀聚合研究

以丙酮/水为溶剂，采用紫外光（UV）引发丙烯酰胺（AM）沉淀聚合，考察了聚合反应的特征以及溶剂、初始单体浓度、引发剂浓度、表面入射光强、液层厚度等参数对聚合物分子量的影响。结果表明，紫外光引发丙烯酰胺沉淀聚合过程中单体转化率和聚合物分子量都随反应时间的延长而增加，光照80min时，单体转化率可达90％以上。所得聚合物分子量为10⁵～10⁶，提高单体浓度可使聚合物分子量增加，增加引发剂浓度和提高光强导致聚合物分子量降低，液层厚度对聚合物的分子量影响不大。所得聚合物粒子粒径约为200～300nm左右，粒径分布较为均匀，溶剂组成对聚合物粒子相貌影响较大，增加水含量可使粒子粒经变大但分散性变差。     

一价四苯硼盐在混合溶剂中热力学性质的研究(Ⅰ)——NH_4BPh_4在(H_2O-CH_3OH)混合溶剂中溶解度的测定

用光度法测定了ＮＨ４ＢＰｈ４在水及六个组成比例不同的（Ｈ２Ｏ－ＣＨ３ＯＨ）混合溶剂中,２８３．１５Ｋ到３０８．１５Ｋ六个实验温度下的溶解度．实验结果表明,ＮＨ４ＢＰｈ４的溶解度随温度的升高而增大．指定实验温度下,溶解度随混合溶剂中的ＣＨ３ＯＨ物质量的分数增加而增大     

有机硅引发剂的结构对基团转移聚合产物分子量分…

本报道合成八个有机硅化合物，均可用作甲基丙烯酸甲酯的基团转移聚合（Ｇｒｏｕｐ Ｔｒａｎｓｆｅｒ Ｐｏｌｙｍｅｒｉｚａｔｉｏｎ ＧＴＰ）引发剂，在相同单体、催化剂、溶剂配比和聚合条件下，进行反应，所得产物用凝胶渗透色谱（ＧＰＣ）作了分子量及分量分布的表征，引发剂的结构和活性对产物的分子量和分布宽度均有显着影响，所用引发剂中以１－甲氧基－１（三甲硅氧基）－２－甲基－１－丙烯和双（乙氧基）－３－甲氧…     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that