丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯合成研究

研究了以浓硫酸为催化剂，丙二醇甲醚和醋酸酯化合成丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯的过程，考察了醚和酸比例、催化剂用量等因素对反应的影响，并选择甲苯为水萃取剂，当丙二醇甲醚与醋酸和甲苯配比分别为１．０：１．１和１．０：０．６（ｍｏｌ：ｍｏｌ），催化剂浓硫酸用量ω＝０．００５￣０．０１时，丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯的收率大于９６％，通过对该反应的动力学研究得到了反应的活化能及反应速率常数。     

毛细管气相色谱法测定706代血浆中残留甲醇、乙二醇的含量

本文采用内标法，以丙二醇为内标物，应用上分１００２型气相层析仪测定羟乙基淀粉代血浆中残留甲醇和乙醇的含量。选用天津试剂二厂弹性石英交联聚乙二醇—２０Ｍ毛细管色谱柱，以氢火焰离子化检测器检测，氮气为载体，分流进样．当甲醇和丙二醇内标物浓度比为０．０２：１～０．３２：１，乙二醇和丙二醇内标物浓度比为１．０：１～４．０：１时，被测物质峰面积与浓度呈线性关系，测定了甲醇和乙二醇的相对定量校正因子．甲醇平均测定回收率为９８．７９％，相对标准偏差ＣＶ＝０．０１３％，乙二醇的平均回收率为９７．７７％，ＣＶ＝０．０１１％．     

甲醇液相氧化羰基合成碳酸二甲酯研究

研究了不同反应条件下甲醇液相氧化碳基合成碳酸二甲酯工艺条件，使用ＣｕＣｌ催化剂时，在１１０℃及１．０－１．５ＭＰａ压力下，甲醇转化率为５．９％，甲醇对ＤＭＣ选择性大于９９％。还研究了反应温度、压力、化学组分等因素对合成反应转化率及收率的影响。     

促进型甲酸甲酯氢解制甲醇铜基催化剂的研究

研制开发了一种耐ＣＯ低温高效四组分（Ｃｕ－Ｃｒ－Ｍｎ－Ｎｉ）改进铜铬催化剂，其原料合成气中ＣＯ允许含量可高达１３Ｖ％；在常压，４１３Ｋ，原料气Ｈ２／ＭＦ＝４／１（ｖ／ｖ），流速为１８００ｍＬ／ｈｇｃａｔａｌ．的反应条件下，ＭＦ转化率高达９９．８％，甲醇选择性为９９．９％（在相同反应条件下二组分的Ｃｕ－Ｃｒ催化剂上ＭＦ转化率仅为７３．１％，甲醇选择性为９８．０％），当向原料气中添加１３．１Ｖ％ＣＯ时，ＭＦ转化率仍可以稳定达到９５．９％，甲醇选择性为９６．３％．实验结果表明，ＣＯ导致催化剂失活的重要原因之一是ＣＯ导致Ｃｕ＋深度还原为Ｃｕ０，减少催化剂的活性中心     

固体超强酸TiO_2/SO_4~(2-)催化合成乙酸苄酯的研究

本文采用固体超强酸 ＴｉＯ２／ＳＯ４２－作催化剂,研究冰醋酸和苯甲醇的酯化反应,讨论了酯化反应的工 艺条件,结果表明,在催化剂用量为１．５ｇ,醇酸摩尔比为１：２,反应时间为１ｈ的条件下,酯化率达８３％以上。     

Friedel－Crafts反应合成无规支化聚苯乙烯及其支化结构表征

将阴离子聚合所得窄分布聚苯乙烯（ｄ＜１．１）在无水ＺｎＣｌ＿２催化下以氯甲醚对其进行氯甲基化（Ｃ１％＜１．５），再用自制无水ＡｌＣｌ＿３作催化剂，使氯甲基化聚苯乙烯（ＣＭＰＳ）发生大分子链间的Ｆｒｉｅｄｅｌ－Ｃｒａｆｔｓ反应，一步合成主链与支链等长的无规支化聚苯乙烯（ＡＢＰＳ）．研究了支化反应条件及支化结构，实验表明，反应条件：Ｔ＝４０～４５Ｃ、Ｃ＿（ＣＭｐＳ）＝０．１～０，１５ｇ·Ｍｌ￣（－１）、Ｃ＿（ｃａｔ）＝０．０５～０．１ｇ·ｍｌ￣（－１）、ｔ＞ｌ２ｈ达到良好的支化效果，支化臂数为１～２０．     

聚乙二醇用作改善亲核取代反应的相转移催化剂

研究了将聚乙二醇用作相转移催化剂及其对亲核取代反应的改善，先将雌二醇经溴化制得２－或４－溴雌二醇，再分别氯仿中以聚乙二醇（ＰＥＧ－４００）作相转移催化剂（ＰＴＣ）进行亲核取代反应制备２－呈４－甲氧基雌二醇，发现其适条件为：反应温度６－６５℃，搅拌反应时间１．５ｈ，试剂比例底物为甲醇：ＫＯＨ：ＰＥＧ＝１：２０：８０：０．８，获得较高亲核取代产率；２－氧基雌二醇６６．７％及４－甲氧基雌二醇７０．３％，     

金属含量对非贵金属催化剂异构化性能的影响

在压力连续微反－色谱装置上,以正己烷为反应物,研究了用非贵金属Ｎｉ和Ｍｏ改性的ＺＳＭ－５催化剂的异构化催化性能。逐步负勒Ｎｉ和Ｍｏ后,ＨＺＳＭ－５催化剂的催化性能逐渐提高。在空速为２ｈ＾－１,氢烃摩尔比为８．１,压力为１．５ＭＰａ,反应温度为２３０℃的条件下,当Ｎｉ含量为１．０％、Ｍｏ含量为２．０％时,催化剂的异构化活性、选择性和转化率分别高达１８．６％、３９．９％和４６．６％。     

对甲苯磺酸催化合成1—萘乙酸甲酯

研究了以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂，１－萘乙酸和甲醇直接酯化合成１－萘乙酸甲酯的优化反应条件：催化剂用量为原料的６％，醇酸摩尔比为１６：１，回流反应５ｄ，酯收率达８０％。     

几种芳烃衍生物型捕收剂的液相色谱分离和测定

报道了一种反相ＨＰＬＣ方法对几种芳烃衍生物型捕收剂的分离和测定．该法借助色谱柱ＬｉＣｈｒｏＣＡＲＴ１００ＲＰ１８（５μｍ）,流动相：甲醇－水－５％Ｈ３ＰＯ４－５％Ｈ２ＳＯ４（４５∶５５∶４∶０．５,体积分数）和紫外检测器在２８５ｎｍ波长下进行．在０．０００５～０．０１ｇ／Ｌ浓度范围内,方法的相对标准偏差为１．１％～２．４％．水杨羟肟,苯并三唑,水杨醛肟,水杨酸,铜铁灵等的检出限分别为１．０×１０－６,０．２×１０－６,１．０×１０－６,５．０×１０－６和６．０×１０－６ｇ／Ｌ,所研制的方法已应用于矿物浮选过程实际样品的分析．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that