江苏海岸潮滩剖面形态与动力泥沙响应关系

基于2007年江苏海岸潮滩剖面高程测量资料和潮流、波浪、泥沙模拟结果,对比分析不同岸段剖面形态特征及其与潮流动力、波浪动力及泥沙供给的响应关系。研究发现:江苏海岸潮流主导的潮滩剖面往往呈现上凸形,随着泥沙供应量的增加,潮滩剖面进一步发展为斜坡形与上凸形组合和双凸形;稳定泥沙供给条件下,潮差越大、剖面坡度越陡;若泥沙供应量越大,潮滩则越平缓。江苏海岸波浪主导且缺乏泥沙供给的潮滩剖面呈下凹形或斜坡形,滩面坡度随波高的增大而增大。     

苏北南部淤泥质岸滩稳定性分析

选择年平均高潮位、年平均含沙量、潮滩宽度、潮滩平均坡度、潮滩滩高、年淤高率、年淤进率作为7个指标因子,利用主成分分析方法分析苏北南部岸滩的冲淤变化状况,并划分该岸段的岸滩稳定状态。结果表明,控制苏北南部淤泥质海岸稳定状态的主要因子是泥沙含量、潮滩宽度及其潮滩的年淤进量,潮滩坡度是次一级的指标。苏北南部淤泥质海岸可分为稳定淤涨型、侵蚀不稳定型和基本稳定型三种状态。     

淤泥质潮滩剖面塑造的探讨

淤泥质潮滩与沙质海滩在组成物质和水动力特征方面具有本质差异,潮流对泥沙的输移起着主导作用。本文剖析一个水柱在一个潮周期中的速度变化过程及其产生的冲淤效应,阐述了缓淤积性潮滩S型剖面形成的机理和几种变异情况,并举实例说明。本文还提出了发育完全的淤积性潮滩的地貌分带。     

淤泥质潮滩剖面塑造的探讨

淤泥质潮滩与沙质海滩在组成物质和水动力特征方面具有本质差异,潮流对泥沙的输移起着主导作用。本文剖析一个水柱在一个潮周期中的速度变化过程及其产生的冲淤效应,阐述了缓淤积性潮滩S型剖面形成的机理和几种变异情况,并举实例说明。本文还提出了发育完全的淤积性潮滩的地貌分带。     

长江三角洲地区晚更新世晚期的孢粉特征及古环境

通过对长江三角洲地区晚第四纪沉积10多口钻井的孢粉、藻类资料分析研究，在以往较少见到化石的晚更新世晚期的硬粘土沉积中找到了能明确指示古环境的孢粉、藻类化石，发现了两种不同的孢粉组合，一种是以环纹藻Concentricystes占优势的孢粉组合，另一种是以陆生植物Pinus-Cupressaceae-Picea-Abies-Quercus（deciduous）-Grarnineae占优势的孢粉组合，证实了该层硬粘土形成期间曾经历滞水和水退的环境交替．也为探讨硬粘土成因、沉积环境提供了可靠的生物化石依据．     

Iron reduction in tidal flat sediment indicated by magnetic measurements and its significance in the study of heavy metal pollution

Magnetic measurements and chemical analysis were conducted on the anoxic core sediment from the tidal flat along the southern bank of Yangtze Estuary. The synchronous increase in magnetite and heavy metal concentration at a depth of 54 cm is revealed, which reflects the anthropogenic input due to the near shore sewage discharge. However, the heavy metal concentration declines at the top of sediment column (4–20 cm) with the reduction of fine magnetite grains, as indicated by the magnetic measurements. It is inferred that selective dissolution of finer magnetite happens under the reduced environment. Such a phenomenon is significant for the heavy metal pollution study in the tidal flat sediments.     

Palynomorphs in the first paleosol layer in the Yangtze Delta and their paleoenvironmental implication

The relatively abundant palynomorphs were recovered from the samples of the first paleosol layer of core CY in Shanghai for the first time. A total of 55 genera and families of spore, pollen and phytoplankton were identified. According to the characteristics of the palynological assemblages, the depositional conditions in the development period of the paleosols were discussed and the microfossil evidence to study the origin of the paleosols in the Yangtze Delta area was provided as well. The research results show that paleosols should be freshwater deposits. The palynological assemblage sequence in the first paleosol layer reveals fluctuations of freshwater palynomorphs, mainly Concentricystis, and terricolous herbs pollen, reflecting the alternations of deposition and exposure in the development period of the paleosols. Concentricystis developed prosperously in the period of flood, while terricolous herbs grew on the emerged land in the period of exposure. The variations in the palynological assemblages suggest that the depositional conditions were various during the formation of the paleosols, and resulted in obvious stage characteristics of the paleosol's development. The dinoflagellate cysts occur in low abundance in the palynological assemblages of the first paleosol layer of core CY, indicating that the area where core CY lies was influenced by seawater in the depositional period of the parent materials of the paleosols.     

长江输沙与河口的冲淤变化关系

以长江宜昌站、汉口站和大通站的径流量、输沙量等水沙特征值以及在崇明东滩上的实测数据为资料来源,探讨了多年来长江口的来水来沙态势,并运用泥沙通量估算方法,推算出近年崇明东滩的年淤涨速度,通过对比发现：近年来长江的径流量未见减少,输沙量却有减少的趋势;潮滩向海淤涨明显减慢．作者对两者之间存在的关系及其原因作了初步探讨,认为潮滩淤涨减慢在很大程度上是由于长江的输沙量减少所致;淤涨减慢的幅度超过了来沙量减少的程度,其重要原因是上游来沙减少的主要是易于沉积的中粗颗粒部分．     

A palynological and palaeoclimatological record from the southern Philippines since the Last Glacial Maximum

A palynological analysis of a marine sediment core in the southern Philippines,provides a detailed regional vegetation and climate history for the West Pacific Warm Pool(WPWP)since the Last Glacial Maximum(LGM).Chronology was determined by a detailed oxygen isotope record.A higher representation of pollen from tropical upper montane rainforest during the LGM indicate that this forest type moved down along elevation,probabaly due to the lowered temperature.During the last deglaciation and the early Holocene,mangroves were more expanded and tropical mid and upper montane rainforests were restricted,suggesting a rising sea-level and temperature increase.Herbaceous pollen and pteridophyte spore records indicate a much drier condition during the LGM than the Holocene.Mangrove development is controlled by conditions at the river mouth influenced by river discharge.Pteridophyte spores are abundant in wet conditions and are mainly transported by rivers.During the mid-Holocene,the reduction in mangrove pollen and pteridophyte spore appears to be a result of climate change:mainly decrease in river discharge.This may have been affected by the decreasing intensity of the Southeast Asian Monsoon,and the increasing frequency and intensity of warm ENSO events,El Ni?o,in this region.     

淤泥质潮滩季节性冲淤状态的探讨──以杭州湾北岸张家厍潮滩为例

根据淤泥质潮滩冲淤变化的特性，本文以杭州湾北岸张家厍潮滩的潮间带剖面单宽沉积物量日变量为研究对象，采用顺序样本检验方法，得出潮间带发育存在着淤积和冲刷两种年内变化趋势，并据此建立了与实际情形有较好吻合的非线性淤积－冲刷双稳定态系统动力学模式，认为由于所处地理位置和区域海岸的特殊性，张家厍潮滩存在着“夏季浪控高（波）能潮滩”和“冬季潮控低（波）能潮滩”两种与不同动力环境相适应的季节性状态。     

昌福山矿区童子岩组三段上亚段沉积特征及聚煤环境分析

通过对昌福山矿区主要含煤地层的沉积特征,即鲕粒、结核、层理、岩矿、古生物及煤质等分析,总结出昌福山矿区童子岩组第三段上亚段地层的沉积环境为:3号煤层为河控三角洲相沉积;5号煤层为下三角洲平原型沉积;7号煤层为海湾潮坪型沉积;9号煤层为独立障壁岛泻湖沉积。研究成果对区内煤岩层对比具有重要意义。     

Interpreting grain-size trends associated with bedload transport on the intertidal flats at Dafeng, central Jiangsu coast

IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT, IT IS OFTEN DIFFICULT TO IDENTIFY THE NET SEDIMENT TRANSPORT PATHWAY BECAUSE OF THE COMPLICATED HYDRODYNAMICS AND SEDIMENT SOURCES. GAO AND COLLINS HAVE RE-EXAMINED A 1-D MODEL ORIGI- NALLY DERIVED BY MCLAREN AND BOWLES AND DEVE…     

Study of CH4 and CO oxidation from electrochemical method

THE TWO FACTORS USED FOR EVALUATING THE QUALITY OF CATALYST ARE I) THE AMOUNT OF ACTIVE SITE PARTICIPATING IN THE REACTION, I.E. THE AREA OF REDOX PEAKS; AND II) THE REGENERATION FREQUENCY OF ACTIVE SITE IN THE REACTION, I.E. THE MATCH OF REDOX POTENTIALS. THE CONTRIBUTION OF EACH FACTOR HAS ITS OWN STRONG POINT IN DIFFERENT REACTIONS, WHILE CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY (CV) IS A SUITA…     

辐射沙洲东大港潮流水道悬沙输移机制分析

以东大港潮流水道4号站位的水、沙实测资料为例,利用悬沙通量机制分解法、功率谱分析法,对东大港潮流水道悬沙输移的动力机制进行分析探讨.结果表明,悬沙净输移以平流作用占优,“潮泵效应”项在悬沙输移中也相当重要;潮流流速是水体含沙量变化及悬沙输移的主要动力因素.     

塔中地区志留系层序、沉积和油气分布规律

塔里木盆地塔中地区志留系沉积环境为潮控滨岸带,主要发育潮坪沉积体系,这在柯坪塔格组表现得尤为突出.在低缓地形背景下发育的柯坪塔格组潮坪沉积环境可分为潮间带和潮下带,发育泥坪、混合坪、砂坪和潮道沉积相.根据层序地层学理论,综合研究野外露头、测井、地震等资料,将塔中地区志留系划分为5个三级层序,每个层序均由海侵和高位体系域两部分组成.由于潮坪沉积的特殊性,每个层序均由1个完整的旋回构成.结合试油资料对塔中11油藏的塔中11井、塔中11-1和塔中117井进行分析,发现在层序的高位体系域中富集油气,而且在SQ1中富集油,在SQ2中富集气,形成低孔低渗油气藏.形成储层的潮道和砂坪沉积具有较好的储集物性,其上覆泥坪形成有效遮挡的盖层,这些是形成油气藏的根本原因,直接原因是高位体系域中的储层比海侵体系域中的储层更靠近盖层.     

浙西和长江三角洲南翼潮滩沉积与风暴事件

浙西及长江三角洲南翼潮坪剖面均显示，微型层序和小型层序是潮坪沉积的基本组成单元。潮坪观测证明，砂质单层是风暴沉积，而泥质单层是正常天气的沉积单元。砂、泥质单层共同组成一个小型层序（风暴序列）．风暴沉积在潮坪层序中占重要地位，大小潮沉积旋回的概念不适合于长江三角洲一类的非潮道潮坪。     

Sediment dynamic responses of coastal salt marsh to typhoon “KAEMI” in Quanzhou Bay, Fujian Province, China

−In order to understand the mechanisms of coastal protection by salt marshes during typhoon events, in situ measurements of water level, tidal current speed and direction, and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) were carried out using Electromagnetic Current Meter (EMCM, AEM HR), miniature pressure sensor (MkV/D) and Seapoint Turbidity Meter (STM) sensor on a tidal flat in Quanzhou Bay, during the period when the typhoon “KAEMI” was passing through the region. The analysis of the data obtained shows that the near-bed current speed within the Spartina alterniflora marsh was generally below 5 cm s⁻¹, which was apparently smaller than on the adjacent bare flat (i.e. 5―30 cm s⁻¹). The change in the near-bed current speed in response to the typhoon event was not significant within the S. alterniflora marsh, but the current direction was influenced by the typhoon. The effect of the typhoon on the SSC was highly significant, with the SSC reaching 13 to 19 times the values on the bare flat or within the marsh under fair weather conditions; the near-bed SSC within the marsh was higher than on the bare flat, after the typhoon landed. The near-bed suspended sediment fluxes within the marsh and on the bare flat during the typhoon event were both enhanced, i.e., 4 times larger than under fair weather conditions. During the ebb, the bottom shear stress on the bare flat exceeded the critical shear stress for sediment motion for most of the ebb duration of the tide and, therefore, the bed sediment was eroding, with the erosion flux after the typhoon landed being around 2 to 3 times the value associated with fair weather conditions. In contrast, within the S. alterniflora marsh, the bottom shear stress was mostly lower than the critical shear stress for sediment motion, or lower than the critical shear stress for the maintenance of suspension; hence, the marsh surface was dominated by settling processes, with a settling flux during the typhoon being 3 to 6 times compared with the fair weather situations. The settling flux during the ebb was up to twice the magnitude for the flood. The comparison of sediment dynamic processes between the S. alterniflora marsh and the bare flat demonstrates that during the typhoon event the bare flat was dominated by erosion, whilst the presence of S. alterniflora favored the accretion of suspended sediment.     

深圳湾潮间带湿地沉积物的重金属分布特征

对深圳湾潮间带湿地的9个采样点采集的沉积物样品进行了分析,测定了沉积物的粒径分布、重金属(Cu,Zn,Cr,Pb,Ni)的总量和生物有效态含量．分析了深圳湾湿地沉积物重金属含量的时空变化以及重金属不同形态之间的关系,从生物有效态含量在总量中占有的比例说明了深圳湾重金属污染比较严重,对重金属生物有效态的测定方法进行了简化．对各采样点的重金属积累量与底栖动物群落之间可能存在的关系进行了讨论．     

滩涂沉积物中叶绿素a浓度与沉积特性的关系

2005年4，5，10和12月在崇明东滩中潮带光泥滩(藻类盐渍带)内靠近海三棱藨草( Scripus mariqueter )带选择一区域，沿高程方向选取3个断面，每个断面选取了3个样点，进行了表层沉积物叶绿素a的浓度和粒径组成的观测研究.结果表明，研究区域表层沉积物中叶绿素a的浓度4，5月份较高，分别为(5.997±0.803) μg·g^-1和(2.356±0.298) μg·g^-1，12月份最低，为(0.571±0.091) μg·g^-1；表层沉积物中细颗粒物质(＜50 μm)含量从4月到12月也有减少的趋势，春季4月份最高，为(91.0±5.44)%，冬季12月份最低，为(59.8±11.95)%.对4个月份样品的叶绿素a浓度与细颗粒物质含量进行相关关系分析，研究结果显示它们之间存在线性正相关( r=0.693，P=0.012 )，表明细颗粒物质的含量与叶绿素a浓度之间存在着一定的相互促进作用.此外，由于光的限制，沉积物中叶绿素a的浓度主要分布在表层1 cm内，且海三棱藨草与光滩过渡带中光滩表层沉积物中叶绿素a的浓度远大于同高程的海三棱藨草内.     

滩涂生态牧场构建与展望

近年来,我国近海生物资源利用面临着重大转型与升级。在我国大力发展海洋牧场的背景下,拓展海洋牧场的发展区域尤为重要。本文首先分析了我国近海滩涂生物资源的利用现状,指出以传统滩涂贝类养殖方式为主的滩涂资源利用方式亟待转变。因此,在生态学原理指导下,使用各种工程技术手段,保护和增殖滩涂生物资源,发展滩涂生态牧场是海洋牧场建设的重要内容。根据生态系统类型的不同,滩涂生态牧场可分为滩涂贝类、牡蛎礁、海草床和红树林四种类型。此外,进行滩涂生态牧场构建时,需重点研发牧场选址技术、苗种培育技术、牧场环境监测技术、生态承载力评估技术和高效采捕技术等。在发展滩涂生态牧场的基础上,陆海统筹构建盐碱地生态农场、滩涂生态农牧场和海洋生态牧场,发展海岸带生态农牧场,是未来海洋牧场发展的重要方向。