Cu-Al-Ni-Mn-Ti合金在不完全相变过程中的内耗行为研究

文章采用不完全相变内耗(IF)测量法研究了Cu-Al-Ni-Mn-Ti多晶形状记忆合金在热弹性马氏体相变时内耗峰与外界变量(频率、升温速率及不完全相变开始测量温度Ts)的依赖关系。实验结果表明,测量频率小于0.045Hz时,内耗峰分解成双峰(低温PL峰和高温PH峰),随Ts的降低,双峰逐渐合并;PL峰值与频率对数呈现峰形函数关系,随升温速率的增加,PL峰向高频方向移动,相变弛豫时间减小;PH峰值与频率倒数成线性关系,随升温速率的增加,线性斜率变大。     

不同一级相变材料的内耗峰形成机制

试验研究了3种一级相变材料的相变过程,即非晶PdNiCuP的晶化与无序和有序型相变、形状记忆合金Cu 11.9Al 2.5Mn的无扩散位移型相变以及共析合金Zn 22Al的共析相变,设计并测量了3种材料的电阻和内耗,并采用插值法获得不同温度下内耗与频率的关系曲线.结果表明,3种材料的相变内耗峰不是弛豫型内耗峰,而是弛豫参数发生突变的结果,相变内耗峰高度与频率的关系是弛豫的表现.在低温区域,观测到其相变内耗峰的结构弛豫现象,并可用结构失稳和结构弛豫的概念定性解释升温速率对相变内耗峰高度的影响.     

竹材内耗和介电的研究

用葛氏倒扭摆仪测量了竹材样品在153K到523K温度范围内的低频下的内耗(IF)行为，在173K、228K、323K和489K观察到4个内耗峰，对323K内耗峰的机理进行了较为详细地研究，利用多功能摆研究了其对频率的依赖性，发现该峰峰温不随测量频率变化，而峰高与测量频率及升温速率有关，呈现相变内耗峰的特征，介电测量表明：在323K附近同样存在一介电损耗峰，为了探讨该峰的机理，进一步研究了竹材含水量对该损耗峰的影响，实验结果表明该峰与水在竹材中的某种转变有关。     

BH-IF钢超快速加热退火工艺

研究了不同退火条件对BH-IF钢组织和织构演变及性能的影响.结果表明:随着加热速率的增加,BH-IF钢晶粒得到细化,但并不明显,强度和延伸率提高,再结晶织构仍为典型的管状γ织构;在超快速加热速率条件下,XRD织构分析显示BH-IF钢γ取向纤维织构组分及强度差异缩小,各组分更趋均匀.随保温时间增加,γ取向纤维织构强度增加,因而由其决定的r值(塑性应变比)增加.在超快速加热速率条件下,试样平行于轧向的r0降低,而垂直于轧向的r90增加,其均值rm无明显变化.     

热弹性马氏体相变中的低温内耗峰

采用不完全相变内耗测量法,在Cu-Al-Ni-Mn-Ti合金马氏体相变中获得双内耗峰,即低温内耗峰和高温内耗峰.低温内耗峰位置对应于相对动力学模量的最小值,因此可以认为这个峰起因于模量软化效应;低温内耗峰的最大值与变温速率间呈现出很强的非线性关系,并随着变温速率增大逐渐趋于稳定,说明它的形成与时间有关.     

Microstructural evolution during ultra-rapid annealing of severely deformed low-carbon steel: strain,temperature, and heating rate effects

An interaction between ferrite recrystallization and austenite transformation in low-carbon steel occurs when recrystallization is delayed until the intercritical temperature range by employing high heating rate. The kinetics of recrystallization and transformation is affected by high heating rate and such an interaction. In this study, different levels of strain are applied to low-carbon steel using a severe plastic deformation method. Then, ultra-rapid annealing is performed at different heating rates of 200–1100℃/s and peak temperatures of near critical temperature. Five regimes are proposed to investigate the effects of heating rate, strain, and temperature on the interaction between recrystallization and transformation. The microstructural evolution of severely deformed low-carbon steel after ultra-rapid annealing is investigated based on the proposed regimes. Regarding the intensity and start temperature of the interaction, different microstructures consisting of ferrite and pearlite/martensite are formed. It is found that when the interaction is strong, the microstructure is refined because of the high kinetics of transformation and recrystallization. Moreover, strain shifts an interaction zone to a relatively higher heating rate. Therefore, severely deformed steel should be heated at relatively higher heating rates for it to undergo a strong interaction.     

Fe-13Cr-5Ni马氏体不锈钢在连续加热过程中两相区的奥氏体生长行为

通过光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪以及显微硬度仪研究Fe-13Cr-5Ni马氏体不锈钢在加热过程中的组织转变行为.结果表明,Fe-13Cr-5Ni钢在10℃·s-1的加热速率下,加热至奥氏体单相区,冷却至室温后具有明显的“组织遗传”现象.奥氏体以“针状”形式在马氏体板条界处形核并沿着马氏体板条界长大,与母相间保持Kurdjumov-Sachs(K-S)位向关系.加热至两相区不同温度然后淬火至室温,奥氏体的量随两相区保温温度的升高先增加再减少,650℃时对应室温下残余奥氏体的极大值,并且这一变化趋势与试样显微硬度测试结果所得结论一致.     

变温下NiTi合金相变热力学特征

将试验测定的NiTi合金热容值用于计算不同电流值加热（不同的加热速度）的NiTi合金丝温度的变化历程,由于相变潜热的存在,当加热电流适当大时,会使升温工线产生拐点而形成台阶,实验发现加热速度的快民对合金相变所需要的时间影响很大,使用调制式差式扫描量热量研究了以不同速度加热或冷却合金时合金各相相变温度的变化情况,随着加热速度的增大,相变温度偏离平衡温度的趋势增大,经过数值处理之后,发现合金相变所需要的时间随加热或冷却速度的增大而呈指数关系递减。     

热弹性马氏体相变内耗峰的研究

采用不完全相变内耗测量法,研究了CuAlNiMnTi多晶合金在热弹性马氏体相变时内耗峰与外界变量的依赖关系;实验结果发现,测量频率较低时,内耗峰分解成双峰,随不完全相变温度ts的降低,双峰逐渐合并;高温内耗峰呈现出明显的反常振幅效应。     

一种测试线性调频信号的新方法

LFM信号是目前雷达中应用的主要信号形式,它具有很高的速度和距离分辨率.但是,对LFM信号各参数,包括信号中心频率fo、信号带宽B,频率变化率u以及信号瞬时频率fi等的测试,目前仍没有很好的解决办法.为此,介绍了一种针对中频LFM信号的自动测试方法,可自动测试中频LFM信号的上述参数.此方法操作简单,运算速度快,且提取参数的精度高,目前已在某型雷达中频LFM信号的测试过程中得到了很好的验证.     

Cu-Al-Ni-Mn-Ti合金热弹性马氏体相变弛豫时间的研究

文章研究了Cu-12Al-5Ni-1.6Mn-1Ti形状记忆合金马氏体逆相变时弛豫时间与升温速率的关系.实验结果表明,马氏体逆转变时,弛豫时间随升温速率的增大开始迅速衰减,当升温速率较大时,逐渐趋于一个稳定值.马氏体逆转变量越少,弛豫时间越短,分布参数越大,并逐渐趋近于Debye滞弹性弛豫.     

宏观孔对泡沫工业纯铝阻尼行为的影响

文章运用多功能内耗仪研究了宏观孔对空气加压渗流法制备的泡沫工业纯铝阻尼行为的影响。在室温低频率条件下测量了泡沫工业纯铝的内耗,实验结果表明泡沫工业纯铝的阻尼能力比致密工业纯铝的阻尼能力提高较大,前者内耗随着测量频率的增加而增加,同时也随应变振幅的增加而增大。运用TEM观察材料的微观结构,发现在晶界附近存在大量的位错亚结构。根据内耗测量和微观观察,讨论了泡沫工业纯铝中可能的阻尼机制,基于多孔弹性材料的平面波方程,理论计算得到了泡沫工业纯铝中内耗的表达式。     

WiMAX系统中频模块的设计与实现

在WiMAX系统中,由于从基带到射频一次变频实现难度及复杂度非常大,数字中频处理是其重要的组成部分,通过处理可以实现对射频信号的频谱搬移和速度转换,以保证数字信号处理芯片的及时处理,因此,数字中频技术对系统的实现起着重要作用。选择将频率搬移到中频的设计方案, 按照设计要求采用自主选择的芯片完成中频功能,主要包括中频控制模块的实现、数字上下变频、中频波峰抑制、射频相关芯片寄存器设置和初始化工作,仿真和测试结果说明,该设计在性能满足设计要求的同时有着良好的应用前景。     

Kinetics of bainite-to-austenite transformation during continuous reheating in low carbon microalloyed steel

A dilatometer was used to study the kinetics of bainite-to-austenite transformation in low carbon microalloyed steel with the initial microstructure of bainite during the continuous reheating process. The bainite-to-austenite transformation was observed to take place in two steps at low heating rate. The first step is the dissolution of bainite, and the second one is the remaining bainite-to-austenite transformation controlled by a dissolution process. The calculation result of the kinetics of austenite formation shows that the two steps occur by diffusion at low heating rate. However, at high heating rate the bainite-to-austenite transformation occurs in a single step, and the process is mainly dominated by shear. The growth rate of austenite reaches the maximum at about 835℃ at different heating rates and the growth rate of austenite as a function of temperature increases with the increase in heating rate.     

Kinetic study of austenite formation during continuous heating of unalloyed ductile iron

The austenite formation kinetics in unalloyed cast ductile iron was studied on the basis of dilatometry measurements, and Avrami's equation was used to estimate the material's kinetic parameters. A continuous heating transformation diagram was constructed using heating rates in the range of 0.06 to 0.83℃·s-1. As the heating rate was augmented, the critical temperatures, A_c1 and A_α, as well as the intercritical range, which was evaluated as the difference between the critical temperatures, ΔT=A_α - A_c1, increased. At a low heating rate, the kinetics of austenite formation was slow as a consequence of the iron's silicon content. The effect of heating rate on k and n, the kinetic parameters of Avrami's equation, was also determined. Parameter n, which is associated with nucleation sites and growth geometry, decreased with an increase in heating rate. In addition, parameter k increased with the increase of heating rate, suggesting that the nucleation and growth rates are carbon- and silicon-diffusion controlled during austenite formation under continuous heating.     

PET固相缩聚前后的结晶行为

聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)固相缩聚过程存在聚合反应与结晶偶合的现象。利用自制的固相缩聚实验装置结合差示扫描量热法(DSC)对PET固相缩聚反应中的结晶行为进行了研究。结果表明:DSC升温速率增加使PET冷结晶峰温度明显升高,结晶峰面积减小,而熔融峰温度和面积随升温速率的变化很小;等温结晶时不同结晶温度的结晶形态存在差异,结晶形态取决于温度和结晶历史;PET固相缩聚过程中结晶度随反应温度和反应时间的增加而增加,并且缩聚反应的进程促进新结晶体的生成。     

Effect of initial microstructure on austenite formation kinetics in high-strength experimental microalloyed steels

Austenite formation kinetics in two high-strength experimental microalloyed steels with different initial microstructures compris-ing bainite–martensite and ferrite–martensite/austenite microconstituents was studied during continuous heating by dilatometric analysis. Austenite formation occurred in two steps:(1) carbide dissolution and precipitation and (2) transformation of residual ferrite to austenite. Di-latometric analysis was used to determine the critical temperatures of austenite formation and continuous heating transformation diagrams for heating rates ranging from 0.03°C×s?1 to 0.67°C×s?1. The austenite volume fraction was fitted using the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov equation to determine the kinetic parameters k and n as functions of the heating rate. Both n and k parameters increased with increasing heat-ing rate, which suggests an increase in the nucleation and growth rates of austenite. The activation energy of austenite formation was deter-mined by the Kissinger method. Two activation energies were associated with each of the two austenite formation steps. In the first step, the austenite growth rate was controlled by carbon diffusion from carbide dissolution and precipitation;in the second step, it was controlled by the dissolution of residual ferrite to austenite.     

CuZnAl形状记忆合金马氏体相变内耗

研究了从高温淬火的ＣｕＺｎＡｌ合金的马氏体相变内耗；提出了新的内耗表达式： 认为马氏体相变内耗与整体模量 Ｇ 相对于发生马氏体相变的局部区域的模量Ｇ′的 比值有关，淬火缺陷影响局部模量软化；并研究了不完全转变对正、逆马氏体相变内 耗的影响。     

相变潜热测量的扫描速率依赖性：RbNo3在结构相变中的热耗散

用差分扫描量热仪(DSC)测量了硝酸铷在380K至460K温度范围内升、降温过程中的三角(α)立方(β)结构相变。所用的扫描速率为1.25～40K/min。结果表明,升温相变的潜热(吸热)大于降温相变的潜热(放热),其差值△Q(Cal/g)随扫描速率的增大而增大。用结构相变中的热耗散对实验结果进行了解积。因此,可以用本文的方法来研究一级相变过程的不可逆耗散。