X65钢高频焊管焊接区的显微组织和低温韧性

为查明X65钢高频焊管焊接区冲击功异常的原因,通过光学显微镜和X射线衍射对母材、焊缝及焊接热影响区进行微观研究.结果表明,显微组织对金属低温韧性有显著影响.当块状铁素体组织较多时,焊接区晶粒尺寸大,硬度小,冲击功低;当多边形铁素体组织较多时,焊接区晶粒尺寸小,硬度大,冲击功高.通过合理的热处理工艺,可在焊接区获得粒状铁素体组织,提高冲击功,改善焊缝和焊接热影响区低温韧性.     

焊后多次正火对超细晶粒钢热影响区组织与硬度的影响

为研究400 MPa级超细晶粒钢焊接接头热影响区粗晶区的晶粒细化行为,对其空冷与水冷接头均进行了3次焊后正火热处理.组织观察表明:第1次正火后粗晶区晶粒明显细化,但细晶区和母材区的晶粒均比正火前的稍微粗大,第2次与第3次正火并不能进一步细化晶粒;冷却条件对热影响区组织的影响并不十分显著.显微硬度测试表明:第1次正火使接头硬度大幅度降低,甚至低于母材的原始硬度,后续正火对硬度的影响较小;在所有试样中,仅水冷接头第1次正火后的热影响区硬度与原始母材及母材区的硬度接近.由于焊后多次正火并不能使热影响区晶粒进一步细化,反而使其有粗化与软化的趋势,故应避免焊后多次正火处理.     

7055铝合金板材搅拌摩擦焊接头的组织与力学性能

利用光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜、室温拉伸和硬度测试等方法,研究1.8 mm厚7055铝合金板材搅拌摩擦焊接头的微观组织和力学性能。研究结果表明:焊接头的抗拉强度和伸长率分别约为母材的63%和32%;接头区硬度曲线呈W形,硬度最低值出现在前进侧热机影响区附近。焊核区和热机影响区都观察到细小等轴再结晶组织,晶内可观察到较粗大的η相;热影响区的晶粒组织与母材的类似,但晶内的η′沉淀强化相粗化。根据这些区域的微观组织特征揭示了焊接头硬度和拉伸强度的下降的原因。     

火焰加热温度对6005A铝合金焊接接头性能的影响

针对铁路交通车辆用 60 0 5A铝合金型材的焊接变形 ,采用火焰加热方法进行矫正·研究了火焰加热温度对焊接接头抗拉强度、硬度及微观组织结构的影响·实验结果表明 ,当加热温度低于 2 0 0℃时 ,焊接接头的抗拉强度、硬度未降低 ,热影响区内软化区的显微组织未发生明显变化 ;当加热温度超过 2 0 0℃时 ,焊接接头的硬度发生较明显降低现象 ,软化区范围加宽·软化区材料性能下降的原因是在火焰加热的热输入过程中过热导致该区晶粒粗大     

Cr20Ni80合金棒材闪光对焊特性

对电热合金Cr20Ni80进行连续闪光对焊研究,讨论其焊接接头的力学性能、微观组织和接头硬度.结果表明:在选定的工艺参数条件下,焊缝结合良好,接头平均抗拉强度达到555 MPa,延伸率为18.7％,断面收缩率为20.8％;接头结合致密,无明显焊接缺陷;在焊缝处硬度最低,两侧的热影响区硬度明显增大,与母材相比没有出现软化...     

ME20M变形镁合金的TIG焊工艺研究

探讨了ME20M变形镁合金TIG焊工艺参数的选择,采用金相显微镜、拉伸试验机以及扫描电子显微镜等表征方法对焊接接头的微观组织、力学性能以及断口形貌等进行了分析.结果发现,焊接电流为80 A时,焊接接头成形较好,焊缝区组织呈细小的等轴晶,热影响区组织较粗大;焊缝区的硬度由于晶粒细化的原因而有所提高,在热影响区则有所下降;拉伸试验表明焊接接头的力学性能低于母材的力学性能,接头抗拉强度约为母材抗拉强度的75%左右.拉伸断口扫描形貌分析表明,断口呈韧-脆混合断裂.     

双相不锈钢与微合金钢异金属焊接接头的组织及性能

采用ER2209焊丝对双相不锈钢SAF2205与微合金管线钢X65进行熔化极气体保护焊接,获得了具有良好力学性能的异种钢焊接接头.焊接接头不同区域显微组织观察和成分分析表明,微合金钢与不锈钢焊缝间存在异金属熔合区和第二类边界线,熔合区存在Ni、Cr的浓度梯度分布,且硬度高于两侧的焊缝和母材.通过宏观拉伸、缺口拉伸和低温冲击实验测试了焊接接头的力学性能,并获得了接头不同部位在1mol.L-1NaCl溶液中的极化曲线.拉伸试样断裂发生于强度相对较低的微合金钢母材.焊缝金属的缺口拉伸强度和冲击韧性均略低于双相不锈钢母材,但腐蚀电位略高于母材.微合金钢热影响区与母材力学性能相当,腐蚀电位略高于母材.     

热处理对MAR-M247焊件微区组织和力学性能的影响

对MAR-M247焊件进行了时效热处理,以光学显微镜和扫描电镜表征热处理前后焊件微观形貌和组织变化;用维氏硬度计测量热处理前后焊件各区域的维氏硬度,并用纳米压痕仪测量热处理前后焊件各区域的纳米硬度和弹性模量.实验结果表明,在时效热处理后,焊件母材区域的γ/γ′共晶相减少,热影响区中最容易产生开裂的晶岛组织完全消失,焊缝区域颗粒碳化物和γ/γ′共晶相变多;热处理前后焊件的维氏硬度在母材区域变化不大,在热影响区和焊缝区域明显减小;相比于原始焊件,时效焊件各区域的纳米硬度和弹性模量虽然均有减小,但是其各区域之间的差异明显降低.     

锌白铜搅拌摩擦焊接头显微组织与力学性能

采用SKD61工具钢搅拌头对4mm厚BZn18-26锌白铜进行搅拌摩擦焊对接,并对接头微观组织和力学性能进行分析。研究结果表明:由于白铜的强度高、维氏硬度大,搅拌针发生严重磨损导致焊缝根部未焊透;母材为纤维状轧制组织,焊核区发生动态再结晶获得细化的等轴组织,热机影响区发生再结晶并存在变形组织,热影响区晶粒发生再结晶及长大;焊缝和热影响区的维氏硬度均比母材的低,且焊核区由于发生完全动态再结晶软化效应最明显;无缺陷接头拉伸断裂于焊核区,且断口为韧窝状韧性断裂。     

冷却条件对非晶合金连续激光焊接接头的影响

使用连续激光对2 mm厚的锆基非晶合金板材进行焊接,在相同的焊接功率、焊接速度下使用不同的冷却条件制备焊接件试样,对试样焊接接头的微观组织和力学性能进行探究。研究结果表明,随着冷却夹具温度的降低,焊接接头热影响区范围逐步减小;冷却夹具温度为10℃时,焊接接头力学性能最佳;冷却夹具温度为-30℃时,焊接接头的晶化率最低。通过显微硬度检测发现,各试样的显微硬度差距不大,热影响区的平均硬度为525 HV_0.2,母材平均硬度为470 HV_0.2,熔化区的平均硬度为490 HV_0.2。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with