Die mechanischen Entropie- und Disgregationskonzepte aus dem 19. Jahrhundert: ihre Grundlagen,ihr Versagen und ihr Entstehungshintergrund

Ohne Zusammenfassung Vorgelegt von S. Flügge Helmuth Temeschinko zum Gedächtnis     

Die Entwicklung der Valenzlehre und Alfred Werner

Summary Surveying the various concepts of valency which have been put forward sinceDalton for the classification of chemical phenomena, it is found that the principles have been either dualistic (Berzelius, Blomstrand, Arrhenius, Kossel) or unitarian (Gerhard, Couper, Kekulé). The phenomena of inorganic chemistry can be classified only by using dualistic concepts, whereas unitarian systems proved to be superior for the phenomena of organic chemistry. In the conceptions of G. N.Lewis and N.Sidgwick, a combination of dualistic and unitarian concepts in one theory was achieved by distinguishing two types of bonds (mobile-immobile, polar-non-polar, ioniccovalent). With the octet rule, ions as well as molecules (uncharged and charged) may be derived and it is readily understood that bonds may vary from extreme polarity to non-polar links.The coordination theory ofWerner neither fits into the dualistic nor the unitarian class of valency principles.Werner derives the compounds by using principal and auxiliary valencies (Haupt- und Nebenvalenzen) and distinguishes addition and insertion compounds (Anlagerungs- und Einlagerungsverbindungen). However, he avoids making any statement concerning the nature of the bonds, which makes his system very adaptable but difficult to grasp. Today it is readily understood thatWerner's principal valency characterizes the stoichiometry and his coordination number characterizes the structure of the compound in question without making any statement about the nature of the bonds involved. Because of thatWerner's concepts have survived and are indispensable even today, in spite of the rise of atomic physics which has changed our views on the nature of the chemical bonds so drastically.

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Paul-Karrer-Vorlesung, gehalten am 22. Juni 1966 zum Anlass der hundertsten Wiederkehr des Geburtstages vonAlfred Werner, dem Vorgänger von Professor Karrer auf dem Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Chemie der Universität Zürich.     

Die Reizbewegungen der Mimosoideen und ihre Hormone

Summary The irritation substances of various plants of the family of Mimosoideae are highly sensitive to oxygen, and their chemical behaviour is that of reductones. Just the same substances were also found in non-sensitive plants. Meso-inositol is perhaps one of the original compounds leading to the active substances. It became possible to explain some characteristics of the irritation-process ofMimosa pudica by regarding known properties of reductones, i.e. the irritation reaction, the restitution, the influence of sun-light and their sleeping in darkness.

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Herrn Prof.Arthur Stoll zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet.

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Aus dem chemischen Institut der Universität Freiburg i. Br. und dem Institut für organische Chemie an der Universität Erlangen.

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Mein lieber Freund Dr.B. Banerjee hat die Fortsetzung dieser Untersuchung nicht mehr erlebt. Noch während seines Aufenthalts in Deutschland überfiel ihn die tückische Krankheit, der er kurz nach seiner Heimkehr erlag.     

Die Entwicklung der Galois-Theorie zwischen Arithmetik und Topologie (1850 bis 1960)

Zusammenfassung Der vorliegende Aufsatz verfolgt das Ziel, die Entwicklung der Galois-Theorie etwa von 1850 bis 1960 zu skizzieren. Hervorgehoben werden dabei diejenigen Entwicklungslinien, die mit der Funktionentheorie, der algebraischen Topologie und der Verallgemeinerung des Separabilitäts-Begriffs verknüpft sind. Es wird ein Ausblick auf die Galois-Theorie der kommutativen Ringe (nach M. Auslander & O. Goldman) und der Schemata (nach A. Grothendieck) gegeben.     

Entwicklung und Probleme der Schnee- und Gletscherkunde in der Schweiz

Ohne ZusammenfassungAbteilung für Erdbauforschung der Versuchsanstalt für Wasserbau an der ETH.     

Artbastarde in der GattungTilapia (Cichlidae,Teleostei) und ihr Verhalten

Summary The young ofTilapia mossambica (mouth-brooder) show a characteristic contact-behaviour, which is related to the behaviour of the mother fish, who takes them back into the mouth cavity in cases of disturbance. This contacting is lacking in the young ofTilapia tholloni (substrate spawner). Contacting, as studied in our experiments with models, is genetically determined and is dominant over thetholloni pattern in the crossT. mossambica ×T. tholloni .     

Die Sofortwirkung des Thyroxins und ihre klinische Bedeutung

Summary Former investigations have shown, that Thyroxine does not accelerate directly oxidations but the fermentations and that combustions are increased by the breakdown products only. That is why Thyroxine cannot act from the blood, for on the surface of the cells fermentations are stopped by the oxidations because of the Pasteur reaction. Therefore Thyroxine must reach the O₂-poor interior of cells by means of the peripheral nerves. If it is so then in case of the damage of the cells—which is followed as known by the paralysis of the Pasteur reaction—Thyroxine must act directly from the blood without any latency, for then fermentations are no longer stopped at the surface of the cells. The experiments have shown indeed, that if you produce by anemia on white rats a lack of oxygen, Thyroxine increases the oxidations up to 50% already in about 30 minutes which in the case of normal animals cannot be expected before 24 hours. It is probable that in the case of the general damage of cells (serious anemia, uncompensated heart defects, tumors) the noticeable loss in weight and cachexia are conditioned by that Thyroxine which circulates in the blood-stream and they may be cured by remedies such as Thiouracil or Thermothyrine.     

Die Anwendung der wiederholten Entwicklung zur Trennung der Steroide auf dem Papier

Summary A method of repeated development with use of different solvents on paper impregnated with formamid was used for the separation of certain steroids. Steroids of very different polarity as estrogens were well separated with one single chromatogram.     

Chladni und die Entwicklung der experimentellen Akustik um 1800

Ohne Zusammenfassung Vorgelegt von C. Truesdell     

Parathymische Lymphknoten der Maus und ihre Reaktion auf Thymektomie

Summary The effect of complete and partial, neonatal thymectomy on parathymic lymphnodes was investigated in NMRI-mice. The results indicate that neonatal extirpation of thymic tissue causes an increase in size and number of parathymic lymphnodes.

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Mit Unterstützung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft.

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Herrn Prof. Dr.O. Westphal zum 60. Geburtstag.     

Die begriffliche Entwicklung der Affinitätstheorie im 18. Jahrhundert Newtons Traum — und was daraus wurde

Ohne Zusammenfassung Vorgelegt von S. Flügge     

Die Verteilung von Noradrenalin und Adrenalin im Herzen der Katze,des Kaninchens und der Ratte

Summary The concentration of noradrenaline in different parts of the heart was estimated in cats, rabbits, and rats. In each heart, the concentration of noradrenaline was much higher in the right atrium than in the left atrium and higher in the right ventricle than in the left one.     

Eine neue Umlagerung der Phenylalkane und ihre Beziehung zur Friedel-Crafts-Reaktion

Summary In the course of various methods of Friedel-Crafts alkylation reactions, isomerizations are taking place which could only partly be explained by existing theories. On the basis of a newly discovered rearrangement of phenylalkanes, a large part of the hitherto described anomalous reactions may be explained. Possible mechanisms for these rearrangements are discussed.     

Die postnatale Entwicklung der Bursttätigkeit im Bulbus olfactorius des Kaninchens

Summary An investigation of the olfactory burst activity was undertaken in rabbits during 1–8 days of life. The bursts are already present at the first postnatal day (frequency 18 c/sec, amplitude 23µV). The values of the adult animal are reached at 8 days.     

Die modernen Methoden und Ergebnisse der Geophysik

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Rezente und fossile Lebensspuren,ihre Deutung und geologische Auswertung

Summary A study of the recent tracks and trails is important for the interpretation of the fossil ones with which palichnology, as a branch of paleontology, has to deal in contrast with the more significant fossils preserved as shells, bones etc. Only such a study can prevent the errors being possible on the geological, especially paleogeographical interpretation of fossil tracks. The ecological point of view is a determining factor for their classification and determination while a classification according to taxionomic units is not possible.     

Die Verteilung der Na- und Cl-Ionen zwischen Blutserum einerseits,Pleurapunktat, Ascites und Liquor cerebrospinalis andererseits

Summary We determined the sodium, chloride, and protein content of sera on the one hand, and the same constituents in pleural, ascitic and cerebrospinal fluid on the other. We found the proportions of sodium and chlorine of serum and corresponding fluid to be identical with the proportions calculated according tovan Slyke's formula on the basis of the Donnan equilibrium. Consequently one cannot draw any diagnostic conclusions from the sodium or chlorine content of these fluids, as they depend solely on the sodium or chlorine content of the serum and the protein content of the serum and fluid.