2,5,7,9—四硝基—2,5,7,9—四氮杂双环〔4,3,0〕壬—8—酮的合…

以２，５，７，９－四氮杂双环〔４，３，０〕壬－８－酮盐酸盐为母体化合物，合成了一种多硝基氮杂环化合物２，５，７，９－四硝基－２，５，７，９－四氮杂双环〔４，３，０〕壬－８－酮，用核磁共振、质谱和元素分析进行了结构鉴定。研究了母体化合物在硝酸－乙酸酐体系中的砂化反应和炸药的性能。     

1－（4，7，10－三氮杂癸基）－2，8，9－三氧杂－5－氮杂－1－硅杂三环［3．3．3．O~（1，5）］十一烷的合成与光谱研究

由ｒ─氯丙基三氯硅烧经醇解、胺取代、醇交换等反应制得１－（４，７，１０－三氮杂癸基）－２，８，９－三氧杂－５－氮杂－１－硅杂［３．３．３．Ｏ１，５］十一烷．对该化合和光谱特征进行了表征，对质谱裂解机理进行了较详细地研究推导．     

N－甲基－9－氮杂螺［5．5］十一烷－3－酮的合成

报导了新杂螺化合物９－氧杂螺［５．５］十一烷－３－酮的合成．即以Ｎ－甲基－４－唬啶酮为原料，与对甲苯磺酰甲胩反应，转化为Ｎ－甲基－个吸啶基甲腈２，２经水解、酯化、还原及氧化生成了Ｎ－甲基－个哌啶基甲醛６，６与甲基乙烯酮在的催化作用下经迈克尔加成反应得到了Ｎ甲基－９－氢杂螺［５．５］十一烯－３－酮７，最后加氢生成了目标物．     

1,4,6,9—四硝基—1,4,6,9—四氮杂双环[4,4,0]癸烷合成工艺改进

以乙二胺和乙二醛为原料，合成了１，４，６，９－四氮杂双环（４，４，０）癸烷（１），反应得率为７７．５％，母体化合物（１）在硝酸－乙酐体系中硝化，制得１，４，６，９－四硝基－１，４，６，９－四氮杂双环（４，４，０）癸烷（２），文中研究了合成母体化合物（１）的缩合总得率高达６４．０％，熔点为２２４￣２３０℃，文中研究了合成母体化合物（１）的缩合反应的机理和影响因素，讨论了母体化合物（１）硝化反应的影响     

2,3—二羟基哌嗪与几种氨基化合物的综合反应研究

由于二胺与乙二醛的综合物２,３－二羟基哌嗪,分别与甲酰胺、脲和乙二胺反应,制得２,４,７,９,１１,１４－六氮杂三环［８,４,０,０＾３．８］十四烷六盐酸盐四水合物（１）,２,５,７,９－四氮杂双环［４,３,０］壬－８－酮二盐酸盐－水合物（２）和２,５,７,１０－四氮杂双环［４,４,０］癸烷（３）。化合物１为未见文献报道的新化合物。化合物２的合成工艺条件优化后,反应得率与文献［１］相比有一定提高。     

N—甲基—9—氮杂螺[5.5]十一烷—3—酮的合成

报导了亲杂螺化合物９－氮杂螺［５．５］十一烷－３－酮的合成。即以Ｎ－甲基－４－哌啶酮为原料，与对甲苯磺酰甲胩反应，转化为Ｎ－甲基－４－哌啶基甲腈２，２经水解、酯化、还原及氧化生成了Ｎ－甲基－４－哌啶基甲醛６，６与甲基乙烯酮在碱的催化作用下经迈克尔加成反应得到了Ｎ－甲基－９－氮杂螺［５．５］十一烯－３－酮７，最后加氢生成了目标物。     

2,3-二羟基哌嗪与几种氨基化合物的缩合反应研究

由乙二胺与乙二醛的缩合物２,３－二羟基哌嗪,分别与甲酰胺、脲和乙二胺反应,制得２,４,７,９,１１,１４－六氮杂三环［８,４,０,０３,８］十四烷六盐酸盐四水合物（１）,２,５,７,９－四氮杂双环［４,３,０］壬－８－酮二盐酸盐－水合物（２）和２,５,７,１０－四氮杂双环［４,４,０］癸烷（３）。化合物１为未见文献报道的新化合物。化合物２的合成工艺条件优化后,反应得率与文献［１］相比有一定提高。化合物３的合成,由于将反应分为低温和高温两个缩合阶段,使反应得率提高到７７．５％。     

4，4－二氯－8，11－二甲氧基三环［5，4，0，0~（3，5）］十一碳－7，9，11－三烯的合成及光谱性质

本文报导４，４－二氯－８，１１－二甲氧基三环［５，４，０，０~（３，５）］十一碳－７，９，１１－三烯的合成．用元素分析确定其分子组成为Ｃ_（１３）Ｈ_（１４）Ｏ_２Ｃｌ_２．测定并讨论其质谱，~１Ｈ和~（１３）Ｃ核磁共振谱．     

CuL（ClO_4）_2－CH_2（COOH）_2－KBrO_3－H_2SO_4

本文报道了７，１４－二甲基－５，７，１２，１４－四乙基－１，４，８，１１－四氮杂十四环－４，１１－二烯合铜ＣｕＬ（ＣｌＯ４）２参与的化学振荡反应。以新处理的乙腈作溶剂，测得了［ＣｕＬ］３＋／［ＣｕＬ］２＋电对的还原电位为１．２４Ｖ。振荡反应的诱导期和波形随丙二酸浓度的变化而变化。丙团替代两二酸，振荡反应明显地受到抑制。丙烯酰胺能够立即淬灭振荡，［Ｉ－］≥２．０×１０－３ｍｏｌ·ｄｍ－３时，化学振荡被完全抑制。该体系组份浓度的振荡范围已经获得。     

4，4，7，7－四硝基－D_3－三高立方烷的合成

从Ｄ３－三高立方烷－４，７－二酮出发，得到４，７－二硝基－Ｄ３－三高立方烷，通过控制反应时间，可将所得产物进一步分别氧化硝化为４，４，７－三硝基－Ｄ３－三高立方烷和目标化合物４，４，７，７－四硝基－Ｄ３－三高立方烷．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that