微量元素对羟基磷灰石晶体结构的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了羟基磷灰石，研究了微量元素Mn^2＋、Mg^2＋，Zn^2＋，Sn^4^＋对羟基磷灰石晶体结构的影响，用XRD物相分析对产物的晶体结构进行表征和研究。结果表明，掺入Mn^2＋、Mg^2＋，Zn^2＋Sn^4＋后，羟基磷灰石特征衍射峰d值普遍减小，使得晶胞减小并导致晶粒细化，而且羟基磷灰石的结晶度有不同程度的提高。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备羟基磷灰石粉体化学机理分析

利用硝酸钙醇溶液和五氧化二磷醇溶液,通过溶胶-凝胶法,制备了羟基磷灰石（HAP）粉体．对前驱体和不同热处理温度的HAP粉体试样进行了FTIR与XRD测试分析,讨论分析了在溶胶-凝胶法制备HAP过程中HAP生成化学反应的机理．     

原位制备聚己内酯和羟基磷灰石复合材料

采用溶胶-凝胶技术和真空干燥技术,原位制备了聚己内酯(PCL)和羟基磷灰石(HAP)多孔复合材料.对样品进行扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)和拉曼散射光谱(Raman)表征和分析.结果表明,羟基磷灰石与聚己内酯分子间存在弱氢键作用;当羟基磷灰石在复合材料中的质量分数低于40％时,没有明显的相分离现象出现.     

柱状纳米羟基磷灰石的制备和结构表征

以P2O5,Ca(NO3)2.4H2O为原料,无水乙醇为溶剂,通过调节pH值控制凝胶的形成,利用溶胶-凝胶/水热法制备柱状纳米羟基磷灰石(HAP).通过XRD、FTIR、电镜(TEM、SEM)等检测手段,对凝胶燃烧产物和经水热处理后的粉体相组成、形貌进行分析,探讨HAP晶体形成的原因.结果表明,利用溶胶-凝胶经低温燃烧后形成主晶相为纳米级的HAP,形状以柱状为主,经水热处理后,可得高纯度的HAP柱状晶体(100 nm×1800 nm),杂以少量粒状纳米粒子(30 nm×60 nm).     

制备HAP粉末新工艺影响因素的模糊判断

在工艺影响因素不同的情况下 ,对用溶胶 -凝胶法 (简称 sol-gel)制备纳米级超细羟基磷灰石 ( HAP)粉末的新工艺的特性作了重点研究 ,利用模糊数学的方法 ,找到了这些因素的隶属函数 ,并确定它们对 HAP粉末优良程度的模糊关系矩阵。     

材料结晶度对纳米羟基磷灰石表面性能和溶解性能的影响

采用化学共沉淀法合成不同结晶度的纳米羟基磷灰石（ nHAP）粉体，作为对比，用固相法合成体相羟基磷灰石（bulk-HAP）。利用红外光谱（IR）、透射电镜（TEM）或扫描电镜（SEM）以及粉末X射线衍射法（XRD）对羟基磷灰石（ HAP）样品的形貌、晶体结构进行表征。利用溶解实验探索 HAP结晶度与其溶解性能的关系。结果表明，结晶度越小样品的粒径越小，nHAP结晶度明显小于体相HAP的。此外，在恒定 pH（2～7）条件下，nHAP的结晶度越小溶解性能越好，从而能释放出越多的磷酸根，进而表现出越强的反应性能。     

超临界流体干燥法制备医用纳米羟基磷灰石

应用超临界流体干燥法制备医用纳米羟基磷灰石.以 Ca(NO3)2·4H2O和(NH4)2HPO4 为原料,采用超临界流体干燥法(SCFD)制备了纳米羟基磷灰石,并用 XRD,TEM,FTIR等手段进行了表征.超临界干燥法制备的羟基磷灰石具有结晶性好、分散性好、尺寸分布均匀,呈针状结晶,长度为 100~200 nm,宽度 10~15 nm.用溶胶凝胶结合超临界流体干燥法可以制备出颗粒大小均匀、分散性好的纳米羟基磷灰石.     

不同碳气凝胶导电剂对Li-MnO_2电池性能的影响

以间苯二酚、甲醛为前驱体,通过溶胶凝胶法,采用CO2超临界干燥、冷冻干燥、常压干燥制备碳气凝胶.采用N2低温吸脱附法、四探针法、扫描电镜对碳气凝胶的电导率、孔结构等进行考察,研究碳气凝胶作为导电剂材料对锂-二氧化锰电池大电流放电性能的影响.结果表明:不同干燥方法制备的碳气凝胶电阻率相近,比表面积差异较大,CO2超临界干燥制备的碳气凝胶比表面积最大(1 017.85 m2/g);以CO2超临界干燥制备的碳气凝胶为导电剂的电池放电比容量最大,100 m A恒流放电比容量达到101 m Ah/g,其放电平台比常压干燥的碳气凝胶高80 m V左右,1 m A恒流放电比容量则差异较小.结果显示碳气凝胶导电剂比商业乙炔黑导电剂性能更优.     

CO2超临界干燥制备SiO2气凝胶及其表征

以正硅酸乙酯为原料,应用溶胶-凝胶两步催化法制备SiO2醇凝胶,醇凝胶用CO2超临界干燥后得到SiO2气凝胶.以比表面积和密度为评价标准,以CO2流量、超临界温度、干燥时间和超临界压力为实验因素,设计了四因素三水平的正交实验,研究CO2超临界干燥的工艺条件,并运用 SEM、TEM、BET、FTIR对SiO2气凝胶结构、形貌及化学组成进行分析.结果表明:优化的工艺条件为CO2流量12 kg·h-1,干燥压力13 mPa,超临界温度45 ℃,干燥时间6 h.制得SiO2气凝胶的比表面积为927.37 m2·g-1,密度是0.195 6 g·cm-3, 由球形纳米颗粒堆积而成,颗粒尺寸范围在0～20 nm左右,孔径分布主要集中在10 nm左右,是典型的纳米孔材料.     

CO_2超临界干燥制备SiO_2气凝胶及其表征

以正硅酸乙酯为原料,应用溶胶—凝胶两步催化法制备SiO2醇凝胶,醇凝胶用CO2超临界干燥后得到SiO2气凝胶.以比表面积和密度为评价标准,以CO2流量、超临界温度、干燥时间和超临界压力为实验因素,设计了四因素三水平的正交实验,研究CO2超临界干燥的工艺条件,并运用SEM、TEM、BET、FTIR对SiO2气凝胶结构、形貌及化学组成进行分析.结果表明：优化的工艺条件为CO2流量12 kg.h-1,干燥压力13 mPa,超临界温度45℃,干燥时间6 h.制得SiO2气凝胶的比表面积为927.37 m2.g-1,密度是0.195 6 g.cm-3,由球形纳米颗粒堆积而成,颗粒尺寸范围在0～20 nm左右,孔径分布主要集中在10 nm左右,是典型的纳米孔材料.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that