丙纶母体着色剂的研究——Ⅱ.聚丙烯黑色母粒的研制

本文用硝酸氧化法改变炭黑表面官能团结构以提高炭黑的润湿性能,进一步用氢氧化钠分散处理以提高炭黑的表面电位,从而制得分散稳定性极高的黑色母粒。     

聚苯胺/纳米TiO_2复合粒子的制备

在化学氧化聚合的的反应介质中分散预先经过表面处理的纳米二氧化钛粒子,苯胺优先在二氧化钛粒子表面聚合,形成具有核壳结构的聚苯胺包覆的二氧化钛复合粒子.X射线衍射分析(XRD)表明聚苯胺包覆在二氧化钛纳米粒子表面对二氧化钛纳米粒子的结晶性能没有影响,红外光谱表明在二氧化钛粒子表面吸附并且包覆了聚苯胺,并且二氧化钛纳米粒子与聚苯胺大分子之间存在强烈的相互作用.制得的复合粒子的表面性质得到了改善,可以添加到树脂基体中,提高树脂基体的电磁等性能.     

炭气凝胶前处理对其负载PtRu催化性能影响

以间苯二酚和甲醛为原料,碳酸钠为催化剂制备了炭气凝胶,考察了浓硝酸处理时间对炭气凝胶结构及其负载PtRu催化剂甲醇电氧化催化性能的影响.结果表明经硝酸氧化处理后炭气凝胶表面含氧量增大、催化剂结晶状态良好、金属颗粒分散均匀;以浓硝酸氧化处理2 h的炭气凝胶为载体制备的PtRu/CAs具有最佳的甲醇氧化催化活性.     

碳纳米管的表面改性及其在NMMO水溶液中的分散稳定性

研究了采用硝酸回流方法纯化的多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)在不同类型的表面活性剂中的分散稳定性,从中选用十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)对纯化后的MWNTs进行表面功能化,并利用透射电子显微镜、红外光谱仪和光学显微镜等对MWNTs的纯化和表面功能化效果及其在N-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物(NMMO)水溶液中的分散性能进行了分析,实验结果表明,通过硝酸回流纯化处理,能够使MWNTs表面拥有较多的羧基和羟基.在超声波作用下,SDBS可以对纯化后的MWNTs进行表面功能化,使其在NMMO水溶液中具有较好的分散稳定性.     

甲醛在聚苯胺修饰分散铂电极上的电催化氧化

用循环伏安法和恒电位法在铂电极上分别制备了分散铂电极、聚苯胺修饰电极及聚苯胺修饰分散铂电极，并用循环伏安法研究了制备电极在0．5mol／L H2SO4溶液中的电化学行为以及对甲醛氧化的催化行为，分散铂电极对甲醛氧化的最大电流是6．48mA，是基体电极(0．075mA)的86．4倍，聚苯胺修饰分散铂电极对甲醛氧化的最大电流(15．12mA)是基体电极的201．6倍，分散铂电极的2．3倍，分散铂对甲醛氧化的催化作用不仅仅是铂面积增大的结果，还存在纳米效应，聚苯胺修饰铂电极对甲醛氧化的催化除存在铂进一步分散使面积进一步增大的因素外，还存在铂与聚苯胺的协同作用。     

聚苯胺/氧化石墨烯导电复合材料的制备

通过原位聚合非二次掺杂制备了高导电性聚苯胺/氧化石墨烯复合材料.采用盐酸为掺杂酸,研究了聚苯胺/氧化石墨烯的微观形貌;探讨了盐酸浓度及氧化石墨烯（GO）用量对反应过程和复合材料导电性的影响.结果表明：聚苯胺（PANI）以球状物的形式均匀地包覆在GO表面;盐酸浓度超过0.5 mol·L-1,反应诱导期明显缩短,复合材料的导电性显著提高.在聚合体系中加入GO可延长聚合反应诱导期,但随着GO用量的增加反应诱导期缩短.当盐酸浓度为0.5 mol·L-1,GO与苯胺单体质量比超过2％时,制备的PANI/GO复合材料中GO形成导电通路,电导率较纯PANI提高一个数量级,达到1.4S·cm-1.     

掺杂磺酸聚苯胺/碳纳米管复合膜电极制备及其应用

采用共聚法制备了掺杂磺酸的聚苯胺/多壁碳纳米管复合薄膜,并用其对铂电极进行表面修饰而制备出复合膜电极;通过扫描电子显微镜和红外光谱仪对复合膜电极表面的形态和组分进行表征,并采用电化学方法对其导电性和电催化活性进行测试.结果表明:与聚苯胺电极相比,掺杂磺酸的聚苯胺/多壁碳纳米管复合膜电极的表面形态更均匀致密,导电性能显著提高,响应峰电流从145μA增加到1.61mA,表面电荷密度提高了12.1倍,且稳定性也相应提高;复合膜电极具有较高电催化活性,在草酸环境中对抗坏血酸(AA)的线性响应不受干扰,其线性相关系数为0.996 0,灵敏度为9.09A/(mol·cm2),氧化峰的电位差达到340mV,能够明显区分其混合物.     

表面包覆不同含量CoOOH的氢氧化镍对镍电极电化学性能的影响

对球型Ni(OH)2表面包覆处理后的表面物理性能和电化学性能进行研究.采用沉淀转化法制备纳米氢氧化镍,以化学沉积法在其表面包覆不同含量的CoOOH,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、恒流充放电技术、循环伏安测试进行组织和性能研究.结果表明:包覆不同质量分数CoOOH的球型氢氧化镍仍为β相结构,2.5%的包覆层形成了均匀的导电网络,使活性物质利用率显著提高;表面覆钴质量分数为2.5%时,氢氧化镍具有优良的电化学循环稳定性,300次循环后比容量仅降低15%;包覆质量分数为2.5%的CoOOH的氢氧化镍电极反应的可逆性和充电效率明显提高,并强化镍电极的析氧极化.     

三元共聚物对纳米Si_3N_4粉体表面改性的研究

采用自制的三元共聚物BA-MMA-GMA作为大分子改性剂对纳米Si3N4粉体进行表面包覆处理,利用红外、热重分析、粒径分布、接触角、透射电镜分析等手段进行表征.结果表明:三元共聚物与纳米粉体间既存在化学键合,也存在物理包覆,可以有效阻止纳米Si3N4粉体的团聚.改性后的纳米粉体表面自由能显著降低,在有机溶剂中的分散稳定性显著增加.     

铜粉表面处理提升铜导电胶性能的研究

铜作为填料存在易氧化、氧化后电性能下降等缺点,限制了铜在导电胶中的应用.本文针对铜粉易氧化的问题,用乳酸和3-二乙基氨基-1,2-丙二醇(DEAPD)分别及同时对铜粉进行了表面处理.热失重分析显示,铜粉经表面处理后吸附了0.4%~0.7%的有机物,且因铜粉氧化而质量增加的拐点温度大幅提升,表明铜粉的抗氧化能力得到了增强.红外光谱分析表明微米铜粉表面吸附物分别为乳酸铜和胺.由于乳酸铜和DEAPD的保护作用,以及DEAPD对乳酸铜还原分解的促进作用,经表面处理铜粉填充的导电胶电性能大幅提升,体电阻率由(2.0±0.4)×10-2Ω·cm降低至(3.1±0.2)×10-4Ω·cm.初步的老化试验表明,经过表面处理的铜粉制备的导电胶具有更好的体电阻率稳定性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to