四元共聚反应性微凝胶制备的研究

采用微乳液聚合工艺,用半连续加料法合成了以甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体、以二乙烯基苯(DVB)为交联剂的苯乙烯(St)/丙烯酸丁酯(BA)共聚微凝胶,考察了软硬单体配比、非离子和阴离子乳化剂配比和用量及MMA、DVB用量对共聚物乳液的粒径及其分布、粘度和成膜性能的影响.     

乙酸苄酯聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯纳米胶囊的研制

以乙酸苄酯 (BA)为芯材 ,甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (MMA)为壁材原料 ,用乳液聚合法制备了平均粒径约为 10 0nm的纳米胶囊 .合适的制备条件为 :以磷酸盐缓冲溶液为反应介质(pH值为 7.0 0左右 ) ,十二烷基硫酸钠 (SDS)为乳化剂 (用量为体系总质量的 1% ) ,过硫酸铵为引发剂 ,MMA与BA质量比为 1∶1(MMA与BA占体系总质量的 2 %以下 ) ,在 85℃下反应 3h .用扫描电镜 (SEM )和透射电镜 (TEM )表征了纳米胶囊的形貌 ,并通过气相色谱(GC)分析初步研究了纳米胶囊的释放性能     

一种新型纸基激光全息图成像涂料的研究及其防伪应用

一种新型的激光全息图文成像涂料采用甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、甲基丙烯酸丁酯(BMA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、甲基丙烯酸(MAA)共聚而成。研究了聚合反应时间对体系不饱和度的影响;探讨了共聚体系中各单体的组成对涂料性能的影响以及影响全息图衍射效率的相关因素。结果显示:当单体组成比MMA∶BMA∶BA∶MAA为60∶30∶5∶5,反应时间为5h时,得到的树脂固含量为49.9%,铅笔硬度为H,涂膜的耐水性和耐磨擦性能优良,光泽度高达90.5Gs,全息图的衍射效率达到7.1%。     

三维多孔锂电池材料合成模板剂聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)微球的制备研究

采用单分散聚合法和种子溶胀法,在乙醇/甲醇体系中以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为单体、偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为分散剂制备聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)高分子微球,并以此作为后继制备三维(3D)多孔结构锂电池材料的合成模板剂.讨论两种合成方法获得微球的粒径均匀性和粒径分布,认为单分散聚合法能获得较为理想的模板剂,研究此方法中单体介质比和引发剂浓度对微球粒径和分散性的影响,得出最佳合成条件为:MMA/medium=13.8%(质量分数,全文同),AIBN=6g时,合成微球的粒径最均匀,平均为3.8μm,粒径分布为0.103 2.     

有机氟防水剂的合成

以丙烯酸十二氟庚酯(G04)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)及丙烯酸丁酯(BA)为主要单体原料,壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(NP40)和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)为复配乳化剂,过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂,探讨BA与MMA配比、温度、时间等因素对所合成的氟丙烯酸酯共聚物的性能影响.合成有机氟防水剂优化工艺为:BA与MMA比例3∶2,反应温度75℃,预乳液滴加时间3.5h,后续反应时间1h.     

自交联含氟丙烯酸酯乳液的合成与表征

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)为主要单体,甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯(DFHMA)为含氟单体,N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺(NMA)为交联单体,以辛基苯基聚氧乙烯醚(OP-10)和十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为乳化剂,采用半连续种子乳液聚合方法合成自交联含氟丙烯酸酯乳液.研究含氟单体DFHMA和交联单体NMA用量对乳液及乳胶膜性能的影响,采用FT-IR、TEM、DSC、TG对乳液及乳胶膜的结构、形态和热性能进行表征.结果表明:当DFHMA用量为6%、NMA用量为3%时,得到的乳液稳定性好,乳胶粒粒径小,分布窄,平均粒径为48nm.适量NMA的加入提高了乳胶膜的耐溶剂性和耐热性能.     

反相“核壳结构”乳胶粒子的合成及其形态

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）、丙烯酸丁酯（BA）和苯乙烯（St）为单体,采用半连续种子乳液法,合成了PS/P(MMA BA)聚合物乳液。通过粒径分布、DSC和透射电镜（TEM）表征了乳胶粒结构,并利用原子力显微镜(AFM)对不同温度处理下的乳胶粒子结构及形态变化进行了研究。结果表明,合成的聚合物乳液为反相核壳结构;随着热处理温度的升高,乳胶粒子的结构和形态发生明显的变化,出现粒子的变形、融合并发生正反核壳的翻转。     

核-壳型含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物乳液的合成与表征

采用可聚合乳化剂(含双键的烷基醚硫酸盐,V-20S),以丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯(DFHM)为单体,通过半连续滴加法合成了稳定核-壳结构的含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物乳液.研究了合成工艺条件对共聚物乳液及共聚物膜表面性能的影响,得出合成共聚物乳液的最佳工艺条件为:BA/MMA的质量比为2,引发剂过硫酸胺(APS)、V-20S用量分别为单体总质量的0.5wt%和2.0wt%.TEM证实了共聚乳液的核-壳结构;当DFHM为总单体的20wt%时,共聚物样品膜经XPS测得表面的氟元素含量可达11.37%,且表面接触角达到91°.     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯可聚合微乳液体系的研究

分别采用电导率仪、粘度计和折射仪测定了不同类型微乳液的结构变化.结果表明,在固定甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)/丙烯酸(AA)混合单体量的情况下,随着水相含量的增加,体系的电导率、粘度和折射率发生明显变化,体系由反相微乳液经双连续型微乳液逐渐转变为正相微乳液.对微乳液的粒度分析表明,油相含量较低时,正相微乳液体系中的液滴可视作溶胀胶束;在反相微乳液中,随着十二烷基硫酸钠水溶液含量的增加,水相液滴粒径明显增大;在MMA/AA/H2O无皂反相微乳液体系中,微乳液的粒子比有皂体系的大.最后,微乳液聚合表明过硫酸钾能够稳定引发正相微乳液聚合,同时Mn3+也可用于引发正相微乳液聚合.     

棉织物用香精纳米胶囊的制备及耐洗性能研究

采用乳液聚合方法,以古龙香精为芯材,甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、苯乙烯(St)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)三元共聚物为壁材,固定单体总量改变单体BA的用量制备了系列香精纳米胶囊乳液.对香精纳米胶囊的形貌、尺寸及分布状态进行了研究,经香精纳米胶囊加香处理后棉织物的耐水洗性能进行了测定.结果表明,所制备的香精胶囊为完整球型,平均尺寸为120 nm;BA的加入降低了胶囊的尺寸,提高了其分布的均匀性;胶囊壁材玻璃化转变温度随BA用量的增加而降低;囊壁的玻璃化转变温度及加香处理工艺对加香棉织物的耐水洗性能有显著影响.最有利于获得良好耐水洗性能的单体配比MMA、St及BA的质量比为1.8∶1.2∶1.0,制得的香精纳米胶囊的实测玻璃化转变温度为36.2℃;最佳的加香整理温度为120℃.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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