面向不稳定日志的一致性异常检测方法

系统日志被用作系统异常检测的主要数据源.现有的日志异常检测方法主要利用从历史日志中提取的日志事件数据构建检测模型，即假设日志数据随时间的推移其分布规律具有稳定性.然而，在实践中，日志数据往往包含以前未出现过的事件或序列.这种不稳定性有两种来源：1）日志发生了概念漂移；2）日志处理过程中引入了噪声.为缓解日志中出现的不稳定问题，设计了基于置信度协同多种算法的异常检测模型EBCAD（Ensemble-Based Conformal Anomaly Detection）.首先，用统计量p值度量日志之间的不一致性，选择多个合适的集成算法作为不一致性度量函数计算不一致性得分进行协同检测；然后，设计了基于置信度的更新机制来缓解日志不稳定问题，将新日志的不一致性得分添加到已有得分集，更新日志异常检测的经验；最后，根据协同检测得到的置信度与预设置信水平大小来判断不稳定日志是否异常.实验结果表明，在HDFS日志数据集中，当不稳定数据注入率从5%增加到20%时，EBCAD模型的F1值仅从0.996降低到0.985；在BGL_100K日志数据集中，当不稳定数据注入率从5%增加到20%时，EBCAD的F1值仅从0.71降低到0.613.证明EBCAD在不稳定日志中可以有效检测到异常.     

基于极端梯度提升算法的滑坡易发性评价模型

机器学习用于地质灾害的易发性评价分析是当前研究的热点之一,不同的学习模型其效果不尽相同。为合理有效地评价滑坡地质灾害的易发性,依托浙江省温州市飞云江流域地质灾害的调查数据,应用地理信息系统（Geographic Information System,GIS）技术提取坡度、坡向、坡形、地表覆盖、地形湿度指数（Topographic Wetness Index,TWI）、极端小时降雨量、内摩擦角、黏聚力、容重与风化层厚度10个滑坡致灾因子,基于极端梯度提升算法（eXtreme Gradient Boosting,XGBoost）构建模型用于滑坡地质灾害的易发性多分类评价。模型结果通过多分类混淆矩阵进行评价,并与支持向量机（Support Vector Machine,SVM）模型进行精度比对分析。研究结果显示,训练后的XGBoost 算法模型对测试集中极高易发区识别的召回率和精确率分别达到了97.92%和98.06%,F1值达到97.99%,均优于SVM,可为研究地区的滑塌地质灾害易发性评价提供模型支持。     

民机驾驶舱人机交互脑力负荷预测模型

针对民机驾驶舱人机交互中飞行员脑力负荷问题,设计不同难度的人机交互飞行实验任务,分析飞行作业过程中飞行员脑力负荷在评估指标上的变化.在此基础上,提出一种新的改进的多元线形回归方法,探索人机交互中飞行人员脑力负荷变化预测模型的构建方法.结果显示:飞行作业过程中脑力负荷在反应时间、正确率、NASA-TLX、SDNN 4个评估指标上变化显著;在RRI Count、Max RRI、Minimum RRI、Mean RRI、Max/Min 5个评估指标上变化不显著.改进的多元线形回归模型可对不同飞行难度下个体脑力负荷水平进行预测和等级划分,平均预测准确率为87.5％.提出的预测模型与实测数据吻合性较好,能够较准确地反映民机驾驶舱人机交互中飞行员脑力负荷变化特性,可为未来民机驾驶舱人机交互中工效学评价与优化设计提供依据.     

基于FBCREAM方法的飞机驾驶人因可靠性评估模型

飞机驾驶人为差错是导致飞行不安全事件/事故的重要因素之一,为有效预测飞机驾驶人因可靠性,减少人为差错,确保飞行安全,提出一种基于FBCREAM方法的飞机驾驶人因可靠性评估模型。考虑飞机驾驶的情境环境及人因特征,调整原始认知可靠性与失误分析方法（CREAM）中的人为差错形成条件使其更合理地表征驾驶舱中飞行员工作情境。引入模糊逻辑方法,利用隶属函数对人为差错形成条件的不确定性和模糊性进行建模。以人为差错形成条件的隶属度为输入参数,人为差错模式隶属度为输出构建贝叶斯网络模型,通过解模糊化方法计算人为差错概率精确值。选取单发故障情境环境下执行飞行任务进行实例分析,结果表明该方法能够准确评估飞机故障情境环境下的飞机驾驶人因可靠性,可为航空安全评估提供有效的工具和重要支持。     

基于QAR超限事件的民航飞行安全风险评价方法

 针对中国民航飞行安全,提出一种基于快速数据存取记录器（QAR）超限事件的民航飞行安全风险评价方法。根据风险源事件的风险贡献度大小对中国民航飞行安全隐患进行分类,依据QAR超限事件构建中国民航飞行安全隐患风险评价指标体系,并结合中国民航飞行品质监控标准的风险阈值,分别建立了基于离散型超限事件和连续型超限事件的飞行安全风险评价模型。应用该方法以中国民航2017年航班运行实际QAR数据为例,对2017年飞行安全风险进行计算评价,结果与2017年中国民航航空安全报告的安全风险分析结论基本一致,验证了基于QAR超限事件的民航飞行安全风险评价方法的合理性和实用性。     

自由飞行下基于事件树的碰撞风险评估模型

为了保障自由飞行下的飞行安全,需要评估自由飞行下飞机的碰撞风险。考虑到飞机碰撞事故的发生是飞机发生冲突事件、机载防撞系统告警失败事件和飞行员干预失败事件相互作用的结果,建立飞机发生碰撞的事件树模型。由于不同事件对碰撞影响的机理不同,采用不同方法进行分析和建模。首先,运用随机微分方程法分析通信导航监视性能对冲突概率的影响;其次,运用集对分析法分析机载防撞系统可靠性对碰撞风险的影响;最后,运用贝叶斯网络分析飞行员可靠性对碰撞风险的影响。给出算例验证了模型的可行性。     

基于决策树的代码异味优先级评估

基于以开发人员驱动的代码异味优先级排序方法,结合优化决策树算法建立模型,对代码异味的重构优先级进行面向开发人员的排名,并在实证研究中评估了该模型,以模型可解释性方法对特征的重要性进行评估,给出了相关影响较高的特征.结果表明,该模型的F1值为89%,分别较基线值和最新研究成果高出25%和5%.     

智能化信息系统对飞行员视觉搜索特性的影响

为探究飞行员使用智能化信息系统的视觉搜索特性,设计以信息系统等级（交互式辅助系统和电子飞行手册）为自变量、以视觉搜索特性（视觉搜索特征和绩效水平）为因变量的对比实验,记录20名航线飞行员在模拟机实验场景中所关注的各人机交互界面的眼动数据,通过统计分析、构建视觉搜索绩效评估模型,反映飞行员视觉搜索特征及绩效水平。结果表明：两组飞行员的注视总持续时间、注视总持续时间占比、注视次数等视觉搜索特征存在显著差异,且随着信息系统智能化等级的提高,飞行员在单发失效和襟翼卡阻故障场景中的视觉搜索绩效水平有效提高且工作负荷降低。由此,验证了信息系统自动化程度的提高在复杂场景下能对飞行员的工作绩效产生正效应,可为驾驶舱人机交互界面的设计、优化及迭代提供理论参考,保证飞行安全。     

自动驾驶算法的异常事件生成系统设计与评估

评价自动驾驶算法对异常交通事件的响应具有重要的应用价值,针对在真实世界中制造异常交通事件存在代价高、风险大等问题,本文提出了一种面向自动驾驶算法评估的异常交通事件生成方法,该方法可以自动生成5类异常交通事件;基于该方法,搭建了一个驾驶策略评估系统,以实现对自动驾驶算法的评估.为验证生成的异常交通事件的有效性,对一种基于深度网络的模仿学习自动驾驶算法进行了评估.实验结果表明,生成的异常交通事件可以更全面地评估自动驾驶算法的性能.      

广域级电网在运智能电能表的烧损故障关联分析和预测方法

针对智能电能表在运行过程中出现烧损的现象，在对各类因素进行关联分析后， 提出了一种基于XGBoost算法的智能电能表烧损预测方法，以某省份2019—2020年的数据为例进行了测试验证. 采用该方法结合电能表基本信息数据、运行数据和环境数据进行烧损识别，并与K最邻近法（K-NearestNeighbor，KNN）、朴素贝叶斯和支持向量机等传统机器学习算法进行对比. 结果表明，基于极限梯度提升算法（eXtreme Gradient Boosting， XGBoost）的算法精度达到91%，召回率达到66%，综合指标F1达到76.51%，远高于传统算法. 算法模型在进行系统部署的过程中，运用长短期记忆算法（Long Short Term Memory， LSTM）对部分缺失值进行了填充，经试点验证，该模型可较为准确地预测低压台区电能表烧损现象.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that