Y-211与Y2O3掺杂的熔融织构YBCO的超导钉扎效应及微结构研究

采用顶部籽晶熔融织构法,结合Y_2O_3和Y-211掺杂制备了高质量的准单畴YBCO块材.Jc测量结果表明,对于Y_2O_3掺杂的YBCO块材,其临界电流密度Jc在10K温度和0.6T磁场下达到1.60×10~6A/cm~2,用合作钉扎理论可推得,其在70K温度和2T磁场下为1.24×10~4/cm~2。扫描电镜观察结果表明,掺杂Y_2O_3所形成的Y-211粒子是柱状的,而掺杂Y-211在母体材料中是球形的,其尺寸接近纳米粒子。掺杂Y_20_3比Y-211更能增强磁通钉扎效应并有效地改善样品的生长状况。Y-211粒子与超导母体材料之间的界面对磁通钉扎起主要作用,Y-211粒子作为强钉扎中心属于界面钉扎。     

Sm211与Sm123的关联研究

在单晶炉中成功生长出纵向长度为15.5 mm,横向线度约为0.5 mm的大尺寸Sm211晶须,表征了Sm211晶须的结构和成份.利用高温光学显微镜(HTOM)原位观察了Sm123在Sm211晶须上的外延生长并讨论了两者的关联.实验分析表明,在1 100℃观察到的针状高温相可能是Sm422相;在1 050℃的包晶温度,Sm123相在Sm211晶须上形成,显示出[001]Sm211//[100]Sm123 and[001]Sm211//[110]Sm123两个外延关联.     

Bi_2O_3掺杂对TSMTG法单畴YBCO超导块材性能的影响

本文采用顶部籽晶熔融织构法(TSMTG)成功地将Bi2O3掺杂到YBCO超导块材中,研究了Bi2O3掺杂含量对单畴YBCO超导块材生长形貌和磁悬浮力的影响.结果表明,在YBa2Cu3O7-δ(Y123):Y2BaCuO5(Y211)=1:0.4不变的情况下,掺杂的Bi2O3粉体在样品内部均生成了Y2Ba4CuBiOx纳米粒子.当Bi2O3添加量x≤1.5wt%时,样品均可长成完整的单畴YBCO超导块材,且样品的磁悬浮力随着Bi2O3掺杂量的增加而增大;当x1.5wt%时,YBCO超导块材的单畴区域随着Bi2O3掺杂量的增加而逐渐减小,且随机成核现象严重,磁悬浮力降低;当x=1.5wt%时,样品的磁悬浮力最大.该结果对缩短样品制备的周期及进一步提高超导块材性能具有十分重要的意义.     

Bi2O3氧化物掺杂对单畴YBCO超导块材磁悬浮力的影响

采用顶部籽晶熔渗工艺（TSIG）制备出了配比为Bi2O3：Y2BaCu05=x：（1吨）的系列单畴YBCO超导块材（其中x=0．1,0.3,0．5,0．7,0．9,2,单位为wt％）,并且研究了不同比例的氧化物Bi2O3掺杂对样品的生长形貌、磁悬浮力以及其微观结构的影响．实验结果表明了,Bi20,粒子的掺杂在样品中生成Y2Ba4CuBiOx（YBi2411）纳米粒子从而可以有效地提高样品的磁悬浮性能．当Bi203粒子掺杂量x从0．1wt％（质量分数,下同）增加到0．7wt％时,样品的磁悬浮力从7N增加到25N;当其掺杂量从0．7wt％增加到2wt％时,样品的磁悬浮力从25N降低到6N．该实验结果对于我们进一步研究氧化物掺杂对磁通钉扎作用的影响以及提高YBCO超导块材的性能有着重要的影响．     

用新固相源制备单畴GdBCO超导块材的顶部籽晶熔渗生长方法

以Gd2O3+xBaCuO2(其中x=1.0、1.2、1.4、1.6、1.8、2.0、2.2、2.5)配制固相源代替传统的Gd2BaCuO5(Gd211)固相源,用Y2O3、CuO和BaCuO2配制的液相源代替由GdBa2Cu3O7-y和Ba3Cu5O8配制的传统液相源,采用顶部籽晶熔渗生长方法,制备了系列单畴Gd-Ba-Cu-O(GdBCO)超导块材,并对所得样品的生长形貌、磁悬浮力和微观结构进行了分析和研究。结果表明:当新固相源中BaCuO2相的含量x为1.0~2.5时,均可以制备出良好的单畴GdBCO超导块材;样品的磁悬浮力随着x增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势,其中x=1.8的样品,磁悬浮力达到最大值33N,优于用Gd211固相源制备的同尺寸的GdBCO块材。样品的微观形貌表明,在GdBCO超导体内有大量纳米量级粒子,尺寸为2~450nm。使用该新成分固相源制备超导块材只需制备一种先驱粉,简化了实验步骤,缩短了制备周期,提高了制备效率。     

提高电泳法制备YBCO超导厚膜Jc的途径

电泳法制备YBCO超导厚膜的研究屡见报道, 然而其临界电流密度较低. 通过引入不同比例的Y₂BaCuO₅(Y211)粒子作为磁通钉扎中心, 将顶部籽晶技术和熔融织构工艺相结合, 并且采用高压氧处理调节氧含量的均匀性, 制备出织构的YBCO超导厚膜, 有效改善了晶界弱连接, 提高了临界电流密度. 实验证明, 在YBa₂Cu₃O_7−δ (Y123)电泳粉末中掺入40 mol%Y211, 制备出YBCO超导厚膜的临界电流密度达到7.008×10³ A/cm² (77 K), 高于当前报道用电泳法制备的厚膜最高临界电流密度.     

Gd_2Ba_4CuNbO_y掺杂对单畴GdBCO超导块材性能的影响

本文采用顶部籽晶熔融织构方法(TSMTG),制备出了配比为GdBa2Cu3O7-δ(Gd123):Gd2BaCuO5(Gd211):Gd2Ba4CuNbOy(GdNb2411)=1:(0.4-x):x的系列单畴GdBCO超导块材(其中x=0,0.02,0.04,0.06,0.08,0.1,0.12,0.14,0.16),并研究了不同GdNb2411掺杂量对样品生长形貌和磁悬浮力的影响.结果表明:在该掺杂范围内,均有可能制备出单畴GdBCO超导块材,且样品的表面生长形貌与掺杂量x密切相关.当x≤0.06mol时,样品上表面光滑平整且四径分明,表现出通常的单畴形貌;当x≥0.08mol时,样品的单畴区域不再光滑和平整,表面出现褶皱,且随着掺杂量的增加,单畴区域越来越小.样品的磁悬浮力测试结果表明:随着掺杂量的增加,其磁悬浮力先增大后减小,当x=0.06mol时,样品的磁悬浮力达到最大25N.实验结果对研究纳米粒子的磁通钉扎作用及进一步提高GdBCO超导块材的性能有重要意义.     

锑在硼砂溶液中阳极极化膜半导体性质的研究（续）

本工作利用白光电流和交流阻抗法研究了锑在０．０５ｎ１Ｏｌ·ｄｍ￣（－３）Ｎａ＿２Ｂ＿４Ｏ＿７＋、０．５ｍｏｌ·ｄｍ“Ｎａ２Ｓｏ４溶液中（ＰＨ一９．ｌ，３０Ｃ）于１．２ｖ（ｖＳ。ＳＣＥ）阳极形成膜的半导体性质。实验结果表明，该阳极膜是一种ｎ型半导体，其平带电位为一０．３６Ｖ，施主密度为２．８×ｌ０￣１８ｃｍ￣（－３）。讨论了锑增加对在硫酚溶液中形成的阳极ｐｂ（Ⅱ）氧化物膜生长的影响。     

快速热压法制备掺杂纳米SiC的MgB_2超导体

采用快速热压烧结技术,在流动的高纯氩气保护氛围下,成功地制备出致密MgB2块材.系统地介绍了快速热压技术烧结MgB2块材的工艺,找出了烧结温度、保温时间、原料配比等最佳工艺参数;讨论了SiC纳米相的掺杂对MgB2块体的影响,包括微观显微组织、物相分析、临界电流密度(Jc)等.实验表明,在快速热压条件下,950℃保温30min,随后炉冷,可以制备出理想的MgB2块材,质量分数为5%SiC的掺杂可以极大地提高MgB2的超导性能.测试温度在20K以下,在自场下Jc可达到106A/cm2以上;在5K下,当外加磁场增加到7T时,Jc缓慢下降,但仍在105A/cm2以上,使其实用性得到更进一步改善.     

镁合金表面热喷涂WC-10Co-4Cr粒子沉积及分布特性

为了探究高速空气燃料热喷涂（AC-HVAF）过程中喷涂粒子撞击基材后的沉积特性。采用AC-HVAF热喷涂技术在AZ80镁合金基体上沉积WC-10Co-4Cr硬质涂层。通过离散沉积实验获得薄层沉积粒子,探讨各种沉积形貌的种类、形成原因、结合机制及射流中粒子的径向和轴向分布。结果表明：在AC-HVAF粒子沉积过程中,嵌入型沉积为主要的沉积形貌,同时包含少量的破碎型与空腔型沉积粒子。在涂层的形成过程中,嵌入型沉积对涂层/基体结合性能起重要作用;空腔型沉积的小颗粒及破碎型沉积的大颗粒是造成沉积效率下降的主要原因。喷涂粒子主要集中在射流中心,越靠近射流边缘,空腔型沉积粒子越多,最终导致AC-HVAF粒子射流呈现出空间分布特征。     

Special variation of infiltration-growth processed bulk YBCO fabricated using new liquid source: Ba3Cu5O8 (1:1.3) and YbBa2Cu3Oy

Utilization of novel materials, particularly high-Tc (critical temperature) superconductors, is essential to pursue the United Nations' Sustainable Goals, as well as to meet the increasing worldwide demand for clean and carbon-free electric power technologies. Superconduct-ing magnets are beneficial in several real-life applications including transportation, energy production, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and drug delivery systems. To achieve high performance, one must develop uniform, large-grain, infiltration-growth (IG) processed bulk YBa2Cu3Oy (Y-123) super-magnets. In this study, we report the magnetic and microstructural properties of a large-grain, top-seeded, IG-pro-cessed Y-123 pellet, which is 20 mm in diameter and 6 mm in height; the pellet is produced utilizing liquid Yb-123+Ba3Cu5O8 as the liquid source. All the samples cut from the top of the bulk exhibit a sharp superconducting transition (approximately 1 K wide) with the onset Tc of approximately 90 K. However, in the samples cut from the bottom surface, the onset Tc values slightly decreased to between 88 and 90 K, al-though still exhibiting a sharp superconducting transition. The top and bottom samples exhibited the highest remnant value of Jc (critical cur-rent density) at 77 K H//c-axis of 50 and 55 kA/cm2, respectively. The remnant Jc and irreversibility field values significantly fluctuated, being fairly low in some bottom samples. Scanning electron microscopy identified nanometer size Y-211 (Y2BaCuO5) secondary-phase particles dis-persed in the Y-123 matrix. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy clarified that the decreased both Tc and Jc for the bottom samples were attributed to liquid phase dispersion within the Y-123 phase.     

A Review of Coated Conductor Development

The developments of coated conductor technology have been reviewed. It is shown that the critical current density of high-Tc wires can be greatly enhanced by using three-fold approaches: grain alignment, grain boundary doping, and optimization of the grain architecture. Major advances have been made in the last 16 years mainly in three aspects: substrates, buffer layers and the YBCO layer. Cost is still the main concern for scale up, especially for the approach through vapor depositions, such as the PLD method. TFA-MOD or other CSD methods may be the trend to overcome cost and speed consideration during the scale up. However, high reliability and reproducibility will be the new focus for these techniques. Ni-alloy tapes seem to have advantages over pure Ni in terms of mechanical strength and oxidation resistance. Depositing a pure Ni layer on top of Ni-based alloys (such as Ni-Cr and Ni-W alloys) solves the problem of low strength of Ni and poor texture of Ni alloys. The RABiTS and IBAD are the two robust approaches for the texture generation. But the buffer materials and architectures being investigated remain unclear, though CeO2/YSZ/CeO2 and MgO arecommonly used buffer layers for RABiTS and IBAD respectively. For the case where a buffer layer is unavoidable, a non-vacuum process would be suitable for low cost and scale up. However, none of the buffer layer fabrication processes through CSD has been demonstrated results good enough for long length coated conductor applications. While, a high Jc superconducting layer can be produced by TFA-MOD, which brings a bright future for coated conductors. Clearly, there are still many scientific and technological barriers to be overcome before any long length of high Jc coated conductor be produced commercially. But theoretical analyses and technological progress show the potential for the practical application of coated conductor wires in the near future.     

（RE）BaCuO／Ag Composites： The Role of Silver in Bulk Materials and Joints

We have investigated the phase equilibria in (RE)BaCuO/Ag systems, the influence of Ag on the processing of (RE)BaCuO/Ag composites and the resulting properties. YBaCuO/Ag composites have been grown by the modified melt crystallization process with YBa2Cu3O7, Y2O3, Pt and Ag2O in the precursor. The improved strength of the YBaCuO/Ag composites compared with the conventional YBaCuO bulk material permitted us to magnetize these materials to achieve trapped fields up to 16 T (at 24 K) in the gap of a mini-magnet. The investigation of the microstructure revealed a remarkable increase of the spacing between micro-cracks especially of those perpendicular to a/b-planes when 12wt% Ag was added. In the case of SmBaCuO/Ag composites, Ag has a strong influence on processing and causes interactions between RE123 seeds and the sample. We show the growth of single-grain SmBaCuO/Ag composites in air and discuss the influence of post-annealing on increasing Tc and Jc. Furthermore, YBaCuO/Ag composites have been shown to be appropriate materials used as a solder to join large single grains to large arrays or to “repair” grain boundaries in arrays grown by a multiseeding technique.     

Fabrication of MgB_2 superconducting films by different methods

MgB2 superconducting films have been successfully fabricated on single crystal MgO(111) and c-AL2O3 substrates by different methods. The film deposited by pulsed laser deposition is c-axis oriented with zero resistance transition temperature of 38.4 K, while the other two films fabricated by chemical vapor deposition and electrophoresis are c-axis textured with the zero resistance transition temperature of 38 K and 39 K, respectively. Magnetization hysteresis measurements yield critical current density Jc of 107 A/cm2 at 15 K in zero field for the thin film and of 105 A/cm2 for the thick film. For the thin film deposited by chemical vapor deposition, the microwave surface resistance at 10 K is found to be as low as 100μΩ, which is comparable with that of a high-quality high-temperature superconducting thin film of YBCO.     

顺序离子束溅射沉积制备GdAlO3单一晶相薄膜技术

顺序沉积薄膜制备技术包括前驱薄膜制备和后期薄膜热处理技术，特别适合复杂组分的薄膜制备．采用IM100离子束材料芯片沉积仪在MgO(100)基片上顺序沉积Gd2O3和Al单层薄膜，经后续低温扩散和高温晶化两步热处理得到GdAlO3单一晶相薄膜．以X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等手段，分析所得GdAlO3薄膜的晶体结构和微观形貌，考察热处理过程对GdAlO3薄膜生长过程及微观结构的影响．实验结果表明顺序沉积薄膜制备技术具有化学计量比控制精确的优点，两步热处理可以得到结晶状况良好的单相结晶薄膜．     

Hydrogen storage performances of the as-milled REMg11Ni (RE = Sm, Y) alloys catalyzed by CeO2

The addition of catalysts and rare earth elements is considered to be very effective methods to enhance the hydrogenation/dehydrogenation properties of Mg and Mg-based hydrides. In this paper, the REMg11 Ni+ 5 wt%CeO_2(RE = Sm, Y)(named REMg11 Ni-5 CeO_2(RE = Sm, Y)) alloys were fabricated through ball milling. The phase composition and structure of the as-milled alloys were investigated in detail. The isothermal hydrogen storage thermodynamics and kinetics of the as-milled alloys were measured by using an automatically Sievert apparatus. Non-isothermal dehydrogenation performance of the alloys was investigated by thermogravimetry(TG) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) at different heating rates. The results revealed that all the asmilled alloys were the nanocrystalline and amorphous structure. The RE = Y alloy had a faster hydriding rate and a lower onset hydrogen desorption temperature than the RE = Sm alloy. The superior property of the RE= Y alloy depended on the decrease of the dehydrogenation activation energy. By means of the measurement of Pressure-Composition-Isotherm(P-C-T) curves, the thermodynamic parameters of the REMg11 Ni-5 CeO_2(RE =Sm, Y) alloys were calculated, and the dehydrogenation enthalpy change was 74.86 k J/mol for the RE = Sm alloy and 73.75 k J/mol for the RE = Y alloy, respectively.     

Structure and properties of samarium overlayer and Sm/Rh surface alloy on Rh(100)

The structure and properties of Sm overlayer and Sm/Rh surface alloy have been investigated with Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), low energy electron diffraction (LEED), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and temperature programmed desorption spectroscopy (TDS). The growth of Sm on Rh(100) at room temperature (RT) appears following the Stranski-Krastanov growth mode and only the trivalent state Sm is observed from XPS results. Thermal treatment of the Sm film at 900 K leads to the formation of ordered surface alloy which shows the c(5√2 × √2)R45° and c(2×2) LEED patterns. Annealing the Sm film at temperature above 400 K makes the binding energy (B.E.) of Sm 3d_5/2 shift to higher energy by 0.7 eV, which indicates charge transfer from Sm to Rh(100) substrate, causing the increase of CO desorption temperature.