Hydrogen generation from decomposition of hydrous hydrazine over Ni-Ir/CeO2 catalyst

The synthesis of highly active and selective catalysts is the central issue in the development of hydrous hydrazine(N_2H_4·H_2O) as a viable hydrogen carrier. Herein, we report the synthesis of bimetallic Ni-Ir nanocatalyts supported on CeO_2 using a one-pot coprecipitation method. A combination of XRD, HRTEM and XPS analyses indicate that the Ni-Ir/CeO_2 catalyst is composed of tiny Ni-Ir alloy nanoparticles with an average size of around 4 nm and crystalline CeO_2 matrix. The Ni-Ir/CeO_2 catalyst exhibits high catalytic activity and excellent selectivity towards hydrogen generation from N_2H_4·H_2O at mild temperatures. Furthermore, in contrast to previously reported Ni-Pt catalysts, the Ni-Ir/CeO_2 catalyst shows an alleviated requirement on alkali promoter to achieve its optimal catalytic performance.     

介孔硅负载超细Pd纳米粒子催化甲酸分解脱氢

甲酸被认为是一种有前景的化学储氢材料,其释放的氢气能够供给质子交换膜燃料电池使用,应用的关键是要寻找到具有优异性能的催化剂能够使得其在温和的温度调节下产氢.该文使用一步共还原法制备了表面氨基功能化负载的Pd纳米催化剂(Pd@NH₂-SBA-15).通过FT-IR、SEM和TEM等技术表征表明Pd@NH₂-SBA-15催化剂成功地被合成,尺寸约为2.1 nm的超细Pd纳米粒子均匀地分散在NH₂-SBA-15载体上.Pd@NH₂-SBA-15催化剂可用于催化甲酸分解制氢.结果表明:在室温下,Pd@NH₂-SBA-15催化甲酸分解产氢表现出优异的催化活性,初始转换频率(T_OF)值为1 686 h^-1,氢气选择性为90%.Pd@NH₂-SBA-15催化剂优异的催化性能主要归因于超细的Pd纳米粒子、嫁接到SBA-15上的氨基官能团,以及Pd纳米粒子与载体之间的协同增强催化作用.     

贵金属纳米粒子的制备、结构和应用

贵金属纳米粒子因其特有的光学以及化学和催化性能，正引起科技界越来越浓厚的兴趣。通常这些特性决定于这些金属粒子的粒径和形态。由于非球形粒子比各向同性的球形粒子具有更优越的性能，它们已经成为研究的焦点，人们正在努力寻找粒子形状如何影响粒子理化性能的答案。贵金属纳米粒子的形状可控合成技术已经取得了明显进展。本文就贵金属纳米粒子的形状可控合成及其应用研究的当前进展进行综合评述。     

一步法电沉积钯铜二元金属纳米管(英文)

由钯和铜纳米颗粒组成得二元金属纳米管通过电沉积的方法在氧化铝模板中被制备出来.金属离子的扩散和沉积过程的竞争决定了最终的产物是纳米管或者是纳米线.在较高负电位下,其生长受扩散控制,金属离子在纳米管的边缘被消耗,形成的是纳米管结构.而在较低的负电位时形成的是纳米线.在硝酸根离子的电催化实验中,相比于薄膜,纳米管的催化性能受氢气析出的影响较小.在空气中放置6个月后,二元金属纳米管被氧化成均一相的氧化物纳米管.     

低密度气凝胶的高温结构变化及其耐温性研究

以正硅酸乙酯为原料,采用二步法制备了密度为30 kg/m³的二氧化硅低密度气凝胶块体材料。将低密度气凝胶分别在100、400、600、700、800、900、1 000 ℃下处理后,使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、氮吸附等手段表征高温下低密度气凝胶微观结构变化趋势,并与同等条件下处理的密度为100 kg/m³气凝胶的比表面积进行对比。结果表明：在处理温度超过700 ℃后,低密度气凝胶比表面积出现明显下降,纳米多孔结构出现收缩和坍塌,因此其高温耐受温度为700 ℃。虽然密度为30 kg/m³的二氧化硅气凝胶材料具有更为纤细的网络结构和更高表面活性的纳米组成颗粒,但是由于高温下纳米颗粒反应收缩程度大于纳米颗粒尺寸效应,其表现出与100 kg/m³密度的气凝胶材料相同的耐温性。     

硅锗合金氧化层中纳米结构的量子受限分析

在硅锗合金氧化层中发现锗纳米表层结构，并分析了其时应的PL谱结构。提出相对应的量子受限模型计算公式和算法，理论分析结果与实验结果拟合较好。     

Synthesis of Au–Ag alloy nanoparticles supported on silica gel via galvanic replacement reaction

Synthesis of supported Au-Ag bimetallic has attracted much attention since we found for the first time that Au and Ag had synergistic effect on CO oxidation and preferential CO oxidation in rich hydrogen.In this work,the formation of Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles supported on silica gel by galvanic replacement reaction has been investigated.We applied various characterizations including X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electronic microscopy(TEM),ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV-vis),X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS) to characterize the formation process of Au-Ag alloy.Although the average particle sizes of the Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles obtained by the galvanic replacement reaction are relatively large comparing with that of loading Au first,the catalytic activity of the catalyst in preferential CO oxidation is almost the same.This result manifested that the particle size effect of Au-Ag nanoparticles was not as tremendous as that of monometallic gold.The formation of Au-Ag alloy made it less sensitive to the particle size.     

CocorePdshell/C核壳型纳米粒子电催化氧还原性能

应用胶体粒子模板法制备不同壳层厚度的CocorePdshell纳米电催化剂。TEM、XRD和EDS证实,CocorePdshell纳米粒子基本为球形,面心立方晶型(fcc)Pd成功包覆在纳米金属Co的表面,其中,Co1Pd2纳米粒子平均直径约10 nm且粒径分布较窄。动电位、交流阻抗、循环伏安及原位傅里叶变换红外反射光谱等电化学测试结果表明:与Pd/C相比,CocorePdshell/C纳米粒子对氧还原反应(ORR)的活性有明显的提高,甚至接近于Pt/C;抗甲醇能力非常优异,对甲醇氧化几乎无活性;不同壳层厚度催化剂中,以Co1Pd2/C催化剂的活性最高,在0.5 mol/L H2SO4中氧还原峰电流密度可达175.5 mA/mg,比Pt/C的要高出20 mA/mg。     

硅锗合金氧化纳米结构的光致发光谱

首次发现硅锗合金氧化纳米结构中的锗纳米层的PL谱(5410A波长处的谱峰),采用量子受限模型分析PL谱结构得到的计算方法和结果与实验拟合较好.     

氧化生成的锗纳米结构的量子受限分析

研究了硅锗合金的氧化行为，首次发现快氧化生成的锗纳米膜复盖在氧化层上。在PL谱中，我们发现与锗纳米结构相关的一些新的谱峰。量子受限模型和新的算法被给出，较好地解释了PL谱的分布和形成机理。     

Ga-In liquid metal nanoparticles prepared by physical vapor deposition

Controlled synthesis and appropriate characterization of nanoscale particles of gallium-based liquid metals are critical to fulfilling their broad range of applications in the field of flexible, stretchable, and printable micro-/nanoelectronics. Herein, we report a new way to synthesize surfactant-free gallium-indium nanoparticles with controlled particle size on a variety of substrates through a facile physical vapor deposition method. It was found that with prolonged deposition time the liquid metal nanoparticles gradually grew from near-monodispersed small particles with a diameter of ～25 nm to bimodal distributed particles. A nucleation, growth, ripening and merging process was proposed to explain the observed evolution of particle size. Atomic force microscopy measurement indicates that the fabricated liquid metal nanoparticles demonstrate elastic deformation with a certain range of loads and the scanned particle size is dependent on the applied loads. We further investigated the gradual breaking process of the core-shell structured liquid metal nanoparticles, which was evidenced by multiple kinks on the force-separation curve. This work presents a new bottom-up approach to prepare nanoscale liquid metal particles and demonstrates that atomic force microscopy is a suitable technique to characterize the synthesized liquid metal nanoparticles.     

Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of copper, nickel and bimetallic Cu– Ni nanoparticles for potential use in dental materials

The antibacterial effect is a desirable property in dental materials.Development of simple methods for the preparation of nanosized metal particles has attracted significant attention because of their future applications due to unusual size-dependent antibacterial properties.Copper(Cu),Nickel(Ni) and bimetallic Cu–Ni nanoparticles were prepared by a simple chemical method and their antibacterial activity was tested against the widely used standard human pathogens Staphylococcus aureus(gram-negative) and Escherichia coli(gram-positive).Additionally,these nanoparticles were tested against the dental pathogen Streptococcus mutans.Our results are promising for potential use in dental materials science.     

Bimetallic nanostructures with magnetic and noble metals and their physicochemical applications

Bimetallic nanomaterials consisting of magnetic metals and noble metals have attracted much interest for their promising potentials in fields such as magnetic sensors, catalysts, optical detection and biomedical applications. Bimetallic nanomaterials synthesized by wet-chemical methods with different architectures including nanoparticles, nanowires or nanotubes and their assemblies are summarized in this review. The particular properties of bimetallic nanomaterials, especially their magnetic, catalytic and optical properties, are presented. The advance in electron microscopy makes it possible to understand the nanostructural materials at much higher level than before, which helps to disclose the relationship between the microstructures and properties qualitatively and quantitatively.     

Effects of Au nanoparticle addition to hole transfer layer in organic solar cells based on copper naphthalocyanine and fullerene

Organic solar cells based on copper naphthalocyanine(CuNc) and fullerene(C60) were fabricated, and their photovoltaic properties were investigated. C60 and CuNc were used as n-type and p-type semiconductors, respectively. In addition, the effect of Au nanoparticle addition on a hole transfer layer was investigated, and the power conversion efficiency of the devices was improved after blending the Au nanoparticles into the hole transport layer. Nanostructures of Au nanoparticles were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Energy levels of molecules were calculated by molecular orbital calculations, and the nanostructure and electronic properties were discussed.& 2014 Chinese Materials Research Society. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.     

Structural,morphological, and optical properties of tin(Ⅳ) oxide nanoparticles synthesized using Camellia sinensis extract: a green approach

Tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles were cost-effectively synthesized using nontoxic chemicals and green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract via a green synthesis method.The structural properties of the obtained nanoparticles were studied using X-ray diffraction,which indicated that the crystallite size was less than 20 nm.The particle size and morphology of the nanoparticles were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.The morphological analysis revealed agglomerated spherical nanoparticles with sizes varying from 5 to 30 nm.The optical properties of the nanoparticles' band gap were characterized using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.The band gap was found to decrease with increasing annealing temperature.The O vacancy defects were analyzed using photoluminescence spectroscopy.The increase in the crystallite size,decreasing band gap,and the increasing intensities of the UV and visible emission peaks indicated that the green-synthesized SnO2 may play future important roles in catalysis and optoelectronic devices.     

Structural,morphological,and optical properties of tin(Ⅳ) oxide nanoparticles synthesized using Camellia sinensis extract: a green approach

Tin oxide(SnO_2) nanoparticles were cost-effectively synthesized using nontoxic chemicals and green tea(Camellia sinensis) extract via a green synthesis method. The structural properties of the obtained nanoparticles were studied using X-ray diffraction, which indicated that the crystallite size was less than 20 nm. The particle size and morphology of the nanoparticles were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The morphological analysis revealed agglomerated spherical nanoparticles with sizes varying from 5 to 30 nm. The optical properties of the nanoparticles' band gap were characterized using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The band gap was found to decrease with increasing annealing temperature. The O vacancy defects were analyzed using photoluminescence spectroscopy. The increase in the crystallite size, decreasing band gap, and the increasing intensities of the UV and visible emission peaks indicated that the green-synthesized SnO_2 may play future important roles in catalysis and optoelectronic devices.     

荷载JQ1 /紫杉醇 PLGA纳米粒的制备

研究荷载JQ1/紫杉醇PLGA纳米粒的制备,并考察其对黑色素瘤细胞表面PD-L1表达情况的影响。采用乳化溶剂蒸发法制备荷载JQ1/紫杉醇的PLGA纳米粒,并对所制备的纳米粒进行粒径、形貌等理化性质表征;尾静脉注射荷载JQ-1/紫杉醇PLGA纳米粒后,考察大鼠体内的药动学参数;以B16黑色素瘤细胞为模型,应用流式细胞术分析PLGA纳米粒对B16细胞表面PD-L1表达情况的影响。结果表明,所制备的PLGA纳米粒平均粒径为210 nm,其外观呈光滑圆球状。大鼠体内单次静脉注射PLGA纳米粒后,呈二室模型分布,紫杉醇与JQ1主要的药动学参数如下:分布相半衰期为0.142 8、0.169 9 h,消除相半衰期为5.27、2.37 h,血药浓度曲线下面积为8.155、3.793 (μg·h)/mL,清除率为122.612、131.795 mL/(h·kg),表观分布体积为766.07、396.25 mL/kg。流式分析结果表明经PLGA纳米粒组处理后,可降低B16黑色素瘤细胞表面PD-L1的表达。表明所制备的PLGA纳米粒可作为紫杉醇与JQ1两种药物共递送的传输载体,有望提高免疫治疗肿瘤的效果。     

Co-Mn金属有机骨架衍生的双金属硫化物及其在锂离子电池负极材料中的应用

介绍了一种通过简单的室温搅拌合成具有多孔结构的 Co-Mn 金属有机框架(metal-organic-framework, MOF)材料的方法, 并对制备的双金属 MOF 进行气相硫化, 得到多孔 CoS介绍了一种通过简单的室温搅拌合成具有多孔结构的Co-Mn金属有机框架(metalorganic-framework,MOF)材料的方法,并对制备的双金属MOF进行气相硫化,得到多孔CoS_2/MnS双金属复合材料.与相同方法制备的单金属MnS与CoS2材料对比发现,CoS_2/MnS双金属复合材料表现出了类似花瓣状的多孔片状结构以及更小的粒径,在作为锂离子电池电极材料使用时表现出了最好的储锂性能.这主要归因于类花瓣状的多孔结构:一方面为锂离子提供了更短的传输路径以及更多的接触位点;另一方面也缓解了材料锂化/去锂化过程的体积变化.此外,两种金属硫化物的有机结合也抑制了材料在循环过程中由于体积变化而导致的容量快速衰减.最后,MOF有机配体衍生的碳骨架也为增强材料的导电性起到了积极的作用.     

纳米结构金属空位形成能的研究

本文在Tiwari and Patil（Scripta Metallurgica,1975,9：833）计算空位形成能的模型基础上,研究了纳米结构金属的空位形成能计算方法,通过引入形状因子,并考虑晶粒尺寸效应,计算了面心立方（fcc）、体心立方（bcc）和密排六方（hcp）结构纳米金属的空位形成能.结果表明,纳米结构金属的空位形成能随着晶粒尺寸的减小而下降 晶粒尺寸不变时,空位形成能随着晶粒形状因子的增大呈线性下降趋势.     

Theoretical investigation of Ag_n@(ZnS)_(42)(n=6-16) using first principles:Structural,electronic and optical properties

Ag@ZnS nanoparticles display enhanced photocatalytic efficiency and good photoelectric properties compared to their single-component counterparts in the process of forming a core-shell structure using an Ag cluster as the inner core of a ZnS outer shell.In this study,first-principles calculations were used to investigate the structural,electronic,and optical properties of Ag_n@(ZnS)_(42)(n=6-16)core-shell nanocomposites.The calculated results show significant even-odd oscillations in the structural stability,that is,Ag@ZnS nanostructures with an even number of Ag_n core atoms are relatively more stable than those with an odd number of core atoms.The secondorder differences in the total energies(Δ_2E)and the core-shell interaction energy E_(cs) indicate that a Ag_(12)@(ZnS)_(42)nanostructure is the most stable configuration.A significant red shift was found in Ag_n@(ZnS)_(42)nanoparticles in the absorption spectrum compared with a(ZnS)_(48) nanostructure,which is likely attributed to the strong electron interactions between the Ag core and the ZnS shell.