宽尾墩阶梯溢流坝出闸室水舌下缘挑距水力计算

将宽尾墩安置在阶梯溢流坝上游,形成宽尾墩和阶梯溢流坝面相结合的消能设施,水流具有其独特的特点.结合索风营水电站宽尾墩后接台阶式溢流坝消能设施的物理模型实验和数值模拟结果,对出闸室抛物型跌落射流进行了研究,综合出闸室水流的影响因素给出了水舌下缘挑距的计算关系式,分析了堰面坡度和挑坎高度对挑距的影响,并利用已建类似工程的实验数据进行了验算.结果表明,给出的计算公式可供估算类似工程水舌下缘挑距参考应用.     

重力坝下游宽尾墩联合消能工三维数值模拟

宽尾墩消力池在水利枢纽工程中已经得到广泛的应用,而中高水头宽尾墩消力池内部流场较为复杂,运用物理模型试验结合数值模拟旨在实现水利工程中消能工体型优化的目的。针对物理模型试验难以得到的详细的各项水力学指标,采用RNGk-ε双方程紊流模型和VOF方法对宽尾墩消力池联合消能工的泄洪流场进行三维数值模拟,获得了泄洪流态、流速、水面线、坝面、闸墩和消力池底板压强的分布规律。数值模拟计算和物理模型试验数据的对比分析研究,两者吻合较好,表面数值模拟分析方法能满足工程需求。     

宽尾墩消能工的研究进展

宽尾墩是一种广泛应用的收缩式消能工,不同工程需要不同体型的宽尾墩消能工.墩型的选择直接影响水流流态、坝面、宽尾墩的墩体压力,以及消能效果等.该文对宽尾墩消能工的种类,以及各种宽尾墩消能工的消能效果进行介绍.     

低水头非完全宽尾墩三维流场数值模拟

为解决常规物理模型试验受观测手段限制难以全方位研究深尾水消力池内水力学参数的问题,借助RNGk-ε紊流模型结合VOF方法对比研究深尾水作用下平尾墩及非完全宽尾墩试验方案下游消力池内流场变化,并揭示非完全宽尾墩消能机理.研究结果表明:受溢流堰纵向长度及下游消力池内深尾水限制,平尾墩底流式淹没水跃逼近溢流堰顶,消力池内消能紊动不足,出池水流形成强烈二次水跃;非完全宽尾墩则束窄部分溢流堰闸室过流断面促使形成纵向拉伸挑射水舌,利用各相邻闸室非对称出闸水流、增强消力池内入池水流横向流速梯度和水位落差,加剧消力池内入池水流横向扩散、交汇,在消力池上游区域形成由底层至表层的大幅度立轴旋滚,显著增强消力池内能量耗散,降低出池水流流速,取得较好的消能效果.     

宽尾墩—跌坎消力池脉动压强试验研究

宽尾墩与跌坎消力池联合消能使跌坎消力池内的水力参数更加复杂,研究消力池底板的脉动压强特性对宽尾墩体型设计具有参考作用.基于模型试验研究5种收缩比(a=0.38;0.44;0.50;0.56;0.62)Y型宽尾墩与跌坎消力池联合消能下消力池的脉动压强特性.试验结果表明：脉动压强峰峰值可以达到设计水头的1.03～1.36倍,收缩比的减小可以削减峰峰值,消除跌坎后的负压;消力池底板脉动压强均方根沿程呈现单峰与双峰型,最大脉动压强系数出现在跌坎之后,减小收缩比使消力池主要脉动消能区域增大前移,最大脉动压强系数降低;脉动压强概率密度基本符合正态分布,存在正偏与负偏现象,水流速度偏向底板为正,偏离时为负;消力池底板脉动压强主要由10 Hz以内的低频脉动组成,随着收缩比的减小,消力池前端的脉动能量增大,后端脉动能量减小.     

索风营电站新型泄流建筑物水力特性分析

索风营电站采用了宽尾墩 阶梯溢流坝的坝面泄流形式，这种坝面泄流形式由我国首创，虽在实际工程中有所应用，但缺少3维数值计算成果．紊流数值模拟计算了在设计水位条件下的掺气情况、压力分布、紊动动能和紊动耗散率等水力特性，表明宽尾墩 阶梯溢流坝的坝面泄流形式使高水头大单宽泄流有了突破性的进展．数值计算时单宽过量已达141m^3／s．m．     

T型墩的应用及消能效果

通过总结多项工程T型墩消力池的研究成果和原型观测,对T型墩的水力特性,特别是池内流态及尾水适应条件进行了分析,与平底消力池的池长、池深及消能率进行了对比,并通过原型观测进行了验证,结果表明:T型墩消力池结构紧凑,消能效率高,消能效果良好以及尾水波动小、经济效益好,是一种适合于中、低水头的较理想的消能形式。     

新疆五一水库溢洪洞底流消能模型试验研究

根据工程建设需要,对新疆迪那河五一水库溢洪洞消力池消能进行模型试验。对其消能防冲的布置从调整梯形墩位置个数、尾坎高度、T型墩位置个数等不同角度出发进行试验。根据试验结果,提出采用了梯形墩和悬栅联合布置的最佳设计方案。梯形墩和悬栅的联合运用为辅助消能工的结构设计和其他同类工程优化消力池提供参考。     

跌坎消力池尾坎坡度对泄洪消能影响的三维数值模拟

采用的k-ε双方程紊流数学模型与VOF法追踪自由水面,对中低水头胸墙闸坝式跌坎型消力池在三个尾坎坡度下的泄洪消能进行了三维数值模拟研究.模拟计算了正常和设计水位情况下三种局开运行工况的消力池水力特性,获得了消力池底板压力、流场分布、沿程水面线、紊动能及紊动能耗散率等水力参数的变化规律.数模计算结果显示,尾坎坡度对消力池的泄洪消能效果较为敏感.尾坎坡度变陡会明显提高消能效果,对来流无推移质的消力池可适当加大尾坎坡度,有助于提高消能率及适当缩短消力池长度,但尾坎坡度越大,出池水流向上壅水的趋势越明显,如果尾坎下游河道水位偏低,则出池水流可能形成较明显的二次跌落,对尾坎后河床造成一定的冲刷,因此消力池的尾坎坡度需要结合下游河道水位情况综合考虑,做到在提高消力池的消能率的同时,尽量避免出池水流较大的二次跌落,确保出池水流与下游河道水流平顺衔接.论文研究成果可供类似工程参考.     

低水头泄水建筑物消能防冲研究

某低水头泄水建筑物采用宽尾墩与消力池联合消能工,并在护坦上增设两排消力墩,利用三元流的水力特性增强了消能效果,且在常遇洪水工况下护坦齿坎淘深与河床中部冲深分别减小了58％和34％．研究结果表明,采用适当的辅助消能工能有效地解决低水头泄水建筑物的消能防冲问题．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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