鼻-鼻窦炎的诊断评定方法探讨

由于慢性鼻-鼻窦炎(chronic rhinosinusitis, CRS)的病因学和发病机制等方面的研究结论尚不十分清晰,在诊断定义、分型及选择治疗方案等方面尚存在争议.近年来,国外学者相继组织制定了一系列有关鼻-鼻窦炎诊疗方面的指导性文件.在我国,慢性鼻-鼻窦炎的诊断一直以来是依靠患者的主观感受和影像学评估等方面的客观指标来进行的.但具体的诊断及评判方法一直没有明确的、规范的标准,本文结合大量国内外文献对慢性鼻-鼻窦炎的各种主观、客观评定方法以及生活品质评估方法进行系统的综述.以期对国内的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎的诊断提供帮助.     

嗜水气单胞菌的研究进展

简要回顾和总结了气单胞菌的分布、分类地位、分离鉴定和生长条件等方面的研究情况,并概述嗜水气单胞菌的外膜蛋白(OMP)、胞外分泌物(ECP)等致病因子、诊断技术及疫苗开发方面新的研究成果。     

异位妊娠与解脲脲原体及沙眼衣原体感染的关系

目的 :探讨异位妊娠与解脲脲原体 ( U U)及沙眼衣原体 ( CT)感染的关系。方法 :分别采用培养法及单克隆抗体法检测 46例异位妊娠患者宫颈分泌物中的解脲脲原体及沙眼衣原体 ,同时取同期体检的病例 43例作对照。结果 :异位妊娠组宫颈分泌物 UU阳性率 41.3% ,CT阳性率 15 .2 % ,明显高于对照组 UU阳性率 18.6 % ,CT阳性率 2 .3% ( P<0 .0 5〉。结论 :异位妊娠与生殖道 U U及 CT感染有关。     

X线引导下鼻肠管置入及临床应用

目的:探讨x线透视下鼻肠管的置入及其临床应用价值.方法:89例因疾病限制不能经口进食而生命体征相对平稳的危重病患者,鼻肠管经一侧鼻孔插入,在X线引导下将鼻肠管插至十二指肠曲氏韧带附近或更远处的小肠.结果:全部病例鼻肠管均顺利通过幽门插入预定位置,平均置管时间为14.5(7～55)min.置管中及置管后未发生严重并发症.经鼻肠管滴(注)入营养液,促进了患者消化道功能恢复,改善了机体的营养状况,效果满意.结论:X线引导下经鼻鼻肠管置入是一种安全、经济、有效的肠内营养途径,因而具有广泛的临床应用价值.     

玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗联合内窥镜引导睫状体光凝治疗新生血管性青光眼

目的:研究新生血管性青光眼(NVG)采用玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗(ranibizumab)联合眼用内窥镜引导睫状体光凝术(ECP)的临床治疗效果.方法:新生血管性青光眼(NVG)患者26例(36只眼),所有患者均先行玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗眼用注射液,注药后3~7 d内再行眼用内窥镜下睫状体光凝术,术后进行1~6个月随访,观察包括视力、眼压、术后并发症和降眼压药物的使用等情况.结果:26例患者(36只眼)中30只眼手术完全成功,3只眼为条件成功,3只眼为失败,手术成功率为91.67%.治疗前患者眼压平均值是(42.49±2.36)mmHg,经过治疗后在不同的时间点其眼压平均值分别为:1周(20.14±5.88)mmHg、1个月(18.81±6.14)mmHg、3个月(18.45±6.05)mmHg、6个月(17.60±6.23)mmHg.治疗之后各个随访时间点测量的眼压值同治疗前眼压值相比较,有统计学差异(P0.05).少量前房积血、瞳孔区纤维素样渗出及渗出性脉络膜脱离是ECP术后早期出现的并发症,经过对症治疗后均能恢复.结论:采用玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗联合内窥镜引导行睫状体光凝术治疗新生血管性青光眼(NVG),安全有效.     

鼻敏合剂治疗常年性变应性鼻炎的临床和实验研究

该课题从基础、临床、实验、药剂四个方面对鼻敏合剂进行系统研究，结果明确了肺肾阳虚，卫表不固是常年性变应性鼻炎的病机，鼻分泌物IgE检测对诊断具有意义，对临床150例鼻敏合剂组治疗(有效率88％)及60例对照组(有效率为76．6％)观察有较好的疗效，变应性鼻炎微波鼻腔热凝术后口服鼻敏合剂对长期疗效有明显提高。     

鼻内镜手术治疗儿童鼻窦炎32例分析

目的:儿童鼻窦炎与成人鼻窦炎在临床诊断和治疗上存在较大的区别.本文旨在探讨鼻内镜手术治疗儿童鼻窦炎的适应症及手术方法,以期提高治疗效果.方法:对经系统药物治疗、辅助性手术无效的儿童鼻窦炎患者32例(59侧)行鼻内镜手术,术中切除钩突和开放前筛(mini-FESS),解除鼻窦口的阻塞,处理严重的鼻腔解剖结构的异常,并术后处理、随访.结果:随访1年以上,其中15例治愈(46.9%),11例好转(34.3%),6例无效(18.8%),总有效率81.2 %,其中9例(13例/59侧)发生鼻腔粘连(22.0%),再次手术4例,未见其他严重手术并发症.结论:鼻内镜手术是常规保守治疗无效的儿童鼻窦炎的有效方法之一.手术适应症的把握、手术中鼻腔结构的处理、术后鼻内镜下换药和综合治疗是手术疗效的保证.     

经鼻内镜手术治疗孤立性额窦良性病变24例观察

目的:探讨孤立性额窦良性病变的诊断及经鼻内镜额窦开放手术的疗效.方法:选择24例以头痛为主诉的孤立性额窦良性病变患者,根据病变程度在局麻或全麻下行不同类型的经鼻内镜额窦开放术,以术前、术后鼻内镜检查结果及头痛症状改善程度评价手术疗效.结果:术后随访时间6~11个月,24例患者中19例临床症状完全消失,4例头痛症状缓解,1例头痛症状无改善;鼻内镜观察20例患者额窦口开放良好,额隐窝粘膜上皮化,2例额隐窝粘膜水肿,药物治疗后头痛改善,2例额窦口闭锁患者经再次手术后头痛症状消失.所有患者术中、术后均未出现严重并发症.结论:经鼻内镜额窦开放术治疗孤立性额窦良性病变所致鼻源性头痛疗效确切.术前仔细分析冠状位CT,术中尽量减少额隐窝粘膜的损伤,术后额隐窝放置浸泡普米克令舒的纳吸棉及选择合适的手术器械是手术成功的关键.     

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者鼻黏膜上皮细胞中pAkt与PTEN的表达及临床意义

目的:调查慢性鼻-鼻窦炎不伴鼻息肉(CRSs NP)患者鼻黏膜上皮细胞中同源性磷酸酶-张力蛋白(PTEN)、p Akt表达与健康人群的不同及PTEN与p Akt之间联系,从而为慢性鼻-鼻窦炎的治疗提供新的研究方向.方法:选取CRSs NP患者及健康志愿者鼻黏膜上皮进行细胞培养,给予香烟烟雾(CSE)提取物和人类鼻病毒(RV-1B)转染刺激后,测定细胞中p Akt及PTEN表达水平.结果:同源性磷酸酶-张力蛋白(PTEN)在CRSs NP患者鼻黏膜上皮细胞中的表达水平比健康人的表达水平高(P0.001),同时,CRSs NP患者鼻黏膜上皮细胞中p Akt的表达水平也比健康人高(P0.001).结论:鼻-鼻窦炎患者鼻黏膜中p Akt和PTEN的表达水平基准线均高于健康人群,两者不成拮抗关系.这提示:PI3K/PTEN/Akt信号通路中可能存在未知的调节蛋白可在特定条件下调节PTEN及PI3K/Akt的表达;PTEN与PI3K/Akt信号通路可能是有交叉作用的两条信号通路.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that