自动确定聚类中心的移动时间势能聚类算法

移动时间层次聚类(Travel-Time based Hierarchical Clustering,TTHC)是一种新的势能聚类算法,尽管具有较好的聚类效果,但是该算法需要人工设定聚类数目,而且在分配样本的时候仅根据相似度,忽略了距离和势能的影响.针对以上问题,提出一种自动确定聚类中心的移动时间势能聚类算法.首先计算每个数据点的势能和相似度,然后根据相似度确定数据点的父节点,得到数据点与父节点的距离;然后,根据数据点与父节点的相似度、距离和数据点的势能得到综合考量值,根据综合考量值自动确定聚类中心;最后,将剩余数据点分配到比其势能小且与其相似度最大的数据点所属类簇,得到聚类结果.将新算法与TTHC算法进行比较,在人工数据集和真实数据集上的实验结果表明,新算法不仅能够自动确定聚类数目,而且采用了更优的分配机制,可以产生更好的聚类结果.     

可能性熵聚类

研究了基于可能性熵理论的聚类问题．首先定义并讨论了可能性熵,继而将可能性熵引入聚类分析,提出了可能性熵聚类算法．它考虑到熵聚类的全局和局部效应,具有清晰的物理意义和数学特征．该算法还能在聚类过程中自动地确定分辨率参数,克服了对于噪声和外围点的敏感性．仿真实验证明,即使各类大小不一,数据集被强噪声所污染时,该算法仍能有效地估计各类中心．     

学习非唯一的最佳聚类数

确定“最佳聚类数”一直是聚类算法面临的一个难题。为了确定一族合理的聚类数而不是单个聚类数,提出了一种基于谱分析的算法,并能处理较为复杂的数据集。该算法构建了数据点之间的相似度图,在不同的分析粒度下,用图上的“随机游走”来传播相似度,采用了一个新的评判标准,“广义特征差”来寻找聚类数族。实验结果表明该算法在聚类数不唯一的情况下能够有效地确定聚类数,并且和其他几种算法相比具有较优的计算复杂度。     

一种增量式文本软聚类算法

针对传统文本聚类算法时间复杂度较高，而与距离无关的算法又不适用于动态、变化的文本集等问题，提出了一种基于语义序列的增量式文本软聚类算法．该算法考虑了长文本的多主题特性，并利用语义序列相似关系计算相似语义序列集合的覆盖度，同时将每次选择的具有最小熵重叠值的候选类作为一个结果聚类，这样在整个聚类的过程中大大减小了文本向量空间的维数，缩短了计算时间．由于所提算法的语义序列只与文本自身相关，所以它适用于增量式聚类．实验结果表明，算法的聚类精度高于同条件下的其他聚类算法，尤其适合于长文本集的软聚类．     

彩色图像的球形粒计算分割算法

针对基于聚类的彩色图像分割算法速度较慢,提出了彩色图像的球形粒计算分割算法.将彩色图像每个像素点表示为以该点RGB像素值为中心0为半径的球形粒,设计球形粒之间的合并算子,利用粒度阈值对两球形粒进行有条件合并,得到不同粒度的球形粒组成的球形粒集,以球形粒中心对应的RGB值代替球形粒包含像素点的RGB值.实验结果表明:与K-means算法和FCM算法相比,球形粒计算分割算法是稳定的而且分别加快了6倍和34倍.     

基于可靠性的正则化加权软k-均值的子空间聚类

子空间聚类已经广泛应用于多个涉及高维数据聚类应用领域,受到机器学习研究者的广泛关注.子空间聚类方法是一种使用特征选择的聚类分析技术,通过选择重要特征子集实现对高维空间的低维表示,在实际应用中能够取得更好的性能,成为流行的高维数据聚类方法.与硬聚类方法相比,软聚类能够给出复杂数据更有意义的划分.扩展k-均值聚类并提出基于可靠性的正则化加权软k-均值新的子空间聚类方法(Reliability-based regularized weighted soft k-means clustering algorithm,RRWSKM),该方法能够计算每个特征对每个聚类的贡献度,从而找到与不同聚类相关的重要特征子集.另外,该方法能够通过调整模型参数准确地辨识数据模式,具有良好的聚类性能.该方法把维度加权熵和划分熵作为正则化项引入到目标函数,避免过拟合问题同时使更多的特征参与辨识聚类.为了提高算法的鲁棒性,使用可靠性测度获得特征权重初始值,提高算法的可靠性和性能.考虑到该算法是非凸优化问题,使用迭代优化方法得到优化问题的最优解.使用多个实际数据集对本文算法进行仿真验证,结果表明,与其他子空间聚类算法相比,该算法能够有效发现高维数据的低维表示,具有良好的聚类性能,适合高维数据的聚类.     

动态迭代聚类算法分析基因序列数据

聚类技术在知识发现方面发挥了很重要的作用，K—均值算法是聚类分析中最常用的算法，但K—均值算法必须预先选择类的数目作为先验值，即研究者需要确定数据空间内有意义类的数目．针对这个问题，本文提出一种新的聚类算法—动态迭代聚类算法，动态选取K个边缘相似度的数据对象作为最初的初始聚类点，并根据类内或类间的相似度离差程度不断地精练(合并或分割)初始类群．模拟实验结果表明，该算法提高了聚类质量，使聚类具有更高的准确性。     

一种基于核映射空间距离的入侵检测算法

通过研究基于距离的孤立点发现算法(Cell-Based),指出其存在的问题,提出了一种基于核映射空间距离的入侵检测算法.该算法通过检测孤立点的方法进行入侵检测,首先将样本通过核函数映射到高维特征空间,重新定义特征空间中的数据点之间的距离.然后经过初始聚类算法确定聚类数目和初始类中心,再通过迭代优化目标函数来实现数据点的再聚类,最终得到聚类中心,超出聚类中心点半径r外的点即为孤立点.试验结果表明,该算法能有效突出样本之间的差异,克服传统基于距离的孤立点发现算法易随参数变化而需调整单元结构的缺点,且具有更准确的检测率和较快的收敛速度.     

基于遗传算法的数量属性离散化算法

提出了在没有任何领域知识可供借鉴的情况下，基于聚类思想，利用遗传算法对数量型属性进行离散化的新算法——遗传C均值算法．该算法利用遗传算法具有全局寻优的特性，对训练样本根据其每一属性值进行聚类，将样本划分为不同的类，从而为每一属性找到其值的最佳分割点．然后，对不同类赋以不同的编码．该算法的优点是能得到最优的离散化结果．在VC 6．0环境下实现了该算法．仿真实验证明该方法有效解决了利用粗糙集理论进行分类规则挖掘时，数量型属性的离散化问题。     

基于凝聚函数的混合属性数据聚类算法

借助于近似极大值函数的凝聚函数,将传统数据聚类问题转化为无约束优化问题求解．首先利用一阶必要条件,推导出数值属性下数据聚共中心的计算格式;其次采用类属性分解方法,提出计算类属性数据对象之间距离的新方法,井在此基础上给出混合属性下数据聚类中心的计算格式和一个能处理数值型和分类型混合数据集的凝聚聚类算法;最后选取不同初始聚类中心,使用凝聚聚类算法对英语借词进行了聚类实验和分析．结果表明,凝聚聚类算法在计算效率和计算效果方面均优于模糊k-prototypes聚类算法．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to