水葫芦活性炭对亚甲基蓝吸附的动力学与热力学研究

以水葫芦活性炭为吸附剂吸附亚甲基蓝染料废水,探讨吸附剂投加量、振荡时间、pH值、温度及初始质量浓度对亚甲基蓝吸附的影响,考察水葫芦活性炭吸附亚甲基蓝的吸附等温线、动力学和热力学.结果表明,在水葫芦活性炭投加量为1 g·L-1、吸附时间为16 min、pH值为9、反应温度为30℃、亚甲基蓝初始质量浓度为160 mg·L-1的条件下,亚甲基蓝染料废水去除率最佳可达99. 7%;水葫芦活性炭对亚甲基蓝吸附符合Langmuir等温模型,且是自发的吸热过程,吸附过程与准二级动力学模型拟合较好.     

马来酸酐/丙烯酸水凝胶对亚甲基蓝染料的吸附

以马来酸酐(MA)、丙烯酸(AA)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为原料,采用水溶液聚合法制备P(MA-co-AA-co-AM)水凝胶,并考察不同因素对水凝胶吸附亚甲基蓝染料效果的影响.实验结果表明:当亚甲基蓝染料初始质量浓度为1g/L,吸附剂用量为1g/L,溶液pH=9,环境温度为20~25℃时,P(MA-co-AA-co-AM)水凝胶对亚甲基蓝染料的吸附效果最佳,最大吸附量为985.98mg/L,去除率达98.60%;水凝胶对亚甲基蓝的吸附行为符合准二级反应动力学方程和Langmuir吸附等温式.     

黄麻基活性炭对亚甲基蓝溶液的吸附性能

以黄麻纤维和黄麻杆为原料,采用磷酸活化法制得两种黄麻基活性炭作为吸附剂,以亚甲基蓝染料溶液为吸附质,探讨了染料溶液初始质量浓度、活性炭投加量、吸附时间、水浴温度、染料溶液pH值等因素对黄麻基活性炭吸附性能的影响.结果表明:随着染料溶液初始质量浓度的增加,亚甲基蓝去除率逐渐降低,吸附量逐渐增大;随着活性炭投加量的增加、吸附时间的延长或染料溶液pH值的增加,亚甲基蓝去除率和吸附量均呈现逐渐增大的变化趋势;水浴温度对亚甲基蓝去除率和吸附量影响较小.黄麻杆活性炭因具有较大的比表面积和总孔容,其对亚甲基蓝的去除率和吸附量高于黄麻纤维活性炭.     

钢渣吸附去除水中亚甲基蓝

通过静态批式实验研究钢渣对亚甲基蓝吸附行为的影响.结果表明:亚甲基蓝去除率随钢渣投加量的增加而增大,随初始浓度的升高而降低,而单位钢渣质量下亚甲基蓝的吸附量呈相反趋势.溶液初始pH值为4时最有利于钢渣吸附亚甲基蓝.钢渣吸附亚甲基蓝符合Lagergren准一级动力学方程,平衡吸附量随亚甲基蓝初始质量浓度的增加而增大,随钢渣投加量增加而减小.结合Freundlich等温吸附方程发现,钢渣对亚甲基蓝的吸附是以离子交换作用为主的优惠型吸附.亚甲基蓝阳离子在静电力作用下吸附在钢渣表面,并与CaO等反应形成聚合物,增强吸附效能.     

改性花生壳吸附亚甲基蓝的研究

通过考察不同吸附剂投加量、吸附时间、溶液初始浓度及pH等条件下的吸附情况,分析研究吸附过程的动力学,综合研究高锰酸钾改性花生壳吸附亚甲基蓝的特性.结果表明:吸附4h达到平衡,吸附过程更符合准二级动力学模型.在25℃,pH为7,亚甲基蓝初始浓度为10mg/L,改性花生壳投加量为0.8g时,吸附率为85.48%,表明该改性花生壳对重金属离子和亚甲基蓝均有较好的吸附能力.     

大麻杆活性炭对染料吸附性能的研究

以天然大麻杆为原料,采用磷酸活化法制备大麻杆活性炭。利用低温氮吸附对样品的比表面积与孔结构进行了表征,并利用亚甲基蓝与甲基橙两种染料对活性炭在液相中的吸附行为进行了研究。结果表明,样品的比表面积与中孔孔容随着活化温度的升高而增大,在500℃时达到最大值1325.73m2/g,随后由于磷酸过度活化导致结构坍塌致使各参数有所降低;在25℃下,大麻杆活性炭对亚甲基蓝与甲基橙的吸附等温线均遵循Langmu ir方程,单层吸附量分别达到471.698mg/g和363.64mg/g,吸附量主要受微孔孔容、染料分子尺寸及染料分子与活性炭表面作用力三者的共同影响。吸附动力学能够很好的符合准二级动力学方程,且亚甲基蓝的吸附速率高于甲基橙。     

改性木屑、花生壳和稻壳对亚甲基蓝的吸附

研究了醋酸改性枫香木木屑、花生壳和稻壳对溶液中亚甲基蓝染料的吸附过程。探讨了pH、吸附剂投加量、染料初始浓度、温度和吸附时间等因素对吸附率的影响。结果表明不同改性材料对亚甲基蓝的吸附影响不同。在各自最优条件下,改性木屑、花生壳和稻壳对亚甲基蓝的吸附率分别为99.02%、97.70%和97.95%。3种材料对亚甲基蓝的吸附等温线均符合Langmuir模型,最大吸附量分别为48.54 mg/g、49.51 mg/g和40.17 mg/g。吸附动力学均符合准二级动力学模型,速率常数由大到小为改性花生壳≈改性稻壳改性木屑。     

纳米Fe/Cu双金属的制备及其对水中亚甲基蓝的去除

利用液相还原法制备了纳米Fe/Cu颗粒,考察了其对水中亚甲基蓝的去除性能,研究了不同pH、亚甲基蓝初始浓度和反应时间对去除效果的影响.结果表明,酸性条件下Fe/Cu纳米双金属对亚甲基蓝去除效果良好,且在45min时反应达到平衡,对亚甲基蓝的去除过程符合准一级动力学方程和Langmuir吸附等温模型.     

中空球状氧化铜的制备及其对甲基蓝的吸附性能

通过水热法制备了中空球状氧化铜,并研究了该氧化铜对甲基蓝的吸附过程.深入探讨了甲基蓝的初始质量浓度、吸附剂氧化铜的加入量、吸附介质的pH值和温度对吸附性能的影响.研究结果表明:pH值为5.0~8.5时,吸附效果较好;升高温度将加快吸附速率,缩短达到吸附平衡的时间.利用Langmuir吸附等温方程、Freundlich吸附等温方程、准一级动力学方程和准二级动力学方程对吸附过程进行拟合,得出Freundlich吸附等温方程和准二级动力学方程能较好地描述氧化铜对甲基蓝的整个吸附过程.     

亚甲基蓝在柠檬酸酯化改性麦杆上吸附的动力学和热力学行为

本研究探索了阳离子染料吸附于柠檬酸酯化改性麦杆（EWS）上的动力学和热力学行为,选择了阳离子染料亚甲基蓝（MB）作为吸附剂。采用静态批次实验改变不同实验因素（温度、pH值、吸附剂量、吸着物浓度、吸附时间）来测定染料吸附的动力学和热力学参数。亚甲基蓝在pH≥4时达到最大吸附值,对于浓度为250mg／l的染料溶液,EWS用量≥2．0g／1能几乎完全去除。对于浓度在50—350mg/l的染料溶液,2．0g／l以上的EWS能够去除95％以上的亚甲基蓝。实验数据符合Langmuir吸附等温线模型,准二级动力学方程能描述其吸附过程。粒子内扩散的二重线性表明在染料吸附过程中有两个粒子内扩散步骤,热力学研究表明染料吸附行为是自发且吸热的,高温有利于吸附。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the