多零售点环境下的供应链回购契约机制研究

通过期望效应理论,研究了零售商具有多个零售点时的回购契约模型。得出不同风险偏好下,实现供应链协调时的最优定购量、最优回购价格与风险系数的关系。数值分析表明,当零售商为风险中性时,回购价格随着供应商风险系数的增大而减小;当供应商为风险中性时,在订购量小于一定量的情况下,回购价格随着零售商风险系数的增大而增大,当订购量大于一定值后,回购价格为固定值。     

基于消费者选择偏好的可替代品订货策略

基于消费者选择偏好,建立了相应零售商利润-订单量的条件风险价值模型。以零售商利润为最优化目标,在市场总需求不确定时,考虑零售商风险偏好、消费者选择偏好及两种产品的可替代性,研究零售商的最优订货策略。研究结果表明,当产品订货量在一定范围时,产品替代性将失去作用:当两种产品总订货量在一定范围时,产品最优订货量随顾客偏好系数及产品替代系数的提高而增大,随替代产品顾客偏好系数和零售商风险规避程度的提高而减小:产品与替代产品间的顾客偏好系数差异越大,两产品总订货量越大。     

回购对损失厌恶型零售商订货量的影响

针对供应商的回购策略,运用前景理论分析了损失厌恶型零售商的最优订货量与供应商回购系数,供应商回购系数与零售商损失厌恶程度的相互关系。研究表明,在一定范围内,损失厌恶型零售商的最优订货量随回购系数的增大而增大,供应商的回购系数随零售商损失厌恶程度的增大而增大。算例验证结果与理论分析基本吻合。     

针对易变质产品的边际回购策略分析

针对易变质产品残值小的特点,考虑制造商对过期产品数量的不同态度,提出了一种新的回购策略--边际回购策略.分析了当制造商采取边际回购策略时,制造商的决策(产品批发价格和回购价格)和零售商的决策(产品销售价格和订货量).研究发现,通过采取边际回购策略制造商和零售商的收益都有所增加,也提高了整个供应链的利润.数值实验还显示,相比固定回购策略,边际回购策略能够减少需求不确定带给制造商的风险.     

基于η CVaR准则的供应链金融回购契约协调策略

在条件风险价值（CVaR）的风险度量准则下,设计了一个由生产商、受资金约束的零售商和银行组成的供应链金融系统.同时考虑生产商和零售商的风险偏好,研究回购契约下供应链金融的融资与运营决策及其协调策略,得出了各个主体的最优决策.研究了生产商风险偏好、零售商风险偏好和回购价格对最优决策的影响,并分析了分散决策与集成决策的协调性.研究发现,分散供应链的最优决策可以与集成供应链的最优决策保持一致,甚至出现超协调效应.最后,通过数值算例验证该文的研究结果.     

基于供应商回购担保的供应链融资策略

通过供应商回购担保,可以激励厌恶风险的银行提高对资金约束零售商的贷款限额,增加零售商的购买力,提高供应链整体绩效.在银行下侧风险控制和供应商回购担保下,研究了零售商的最优运作和融资策略,分析了银行厌恶风险的程度、供应商的回购价格对供应链决策的影响.研究发现,银行采用下侧风险控制等价于银行通过贷款上限控制融资风险,且供应商承诺的回购价格越高,银行贷款限额就越高.存在回购价格的临界值,使得只有当供应商的回购价格低于该临界值时,零售商的订货才会受银行风险控制的影响.并且,通过数值分析研究了供应商的最优回购定价问题.     

基于CVaR准则的单制造商两零售商供应链决策模型与协调

针对单制造商和两零售商组成的供应链,假定产品存在次品需返修、产品需求为随机的且受到产品质量和零售商促销努力的影响,运用均衡分析方法建立了零售商为风险中性时的供应链集中式决策模型和分散式决策模型,给出了协调供应链的回购加促销补贴合同。然后基于条件风险值准则建立了零售商为风险厌恶时的供应链集中式决策模型和分散式决策模型,给出了协调该供应链的回购加促销补贴合同。最后的算例表明了模型的合理性和协调合同的有效性。研究表明:零售商越厌恶风险,其订货量越少,制造商、零售商和供应链的收益都将下降;而产品正品率的提高有利于供应链各方;零售商为风险中性时的供应链决策是零售商为风险厌恶者的特例。     

回购策略下供需链协调性分析

针对供需链上具有独立决策权的各个实体由于决策激励不一致导致供需链低效的问题,论文以一个两阶段的供需链系统为背景,研究了在实践中广泛应用的回购策略对供需链协调性的影响。研究了零售商同时决策订货量和零售价时供需链的协调性问题,得出在这种情况下零售商的订货量低于系统最优订货量,零售价高于系统最优定价。在一定条件下合理地运用回购策略可以缓解双重边际效应的影响,提高供需链的协调性能。     

考虑风险规避供应商的期权合约比较研究

考虑单供应商与居于主导的零售商构成的供应链，供应商具有风险规避性质.本研究引入组合期权，建立模型求解得到供应链成员的最优初始订货量、期权订购量，分析了供应商风险偏好程度对订货量和利润的影响.结果表明，组合期权契约可以实现供应链协调，各方利润均高于无期权契约的情况，此外，供应商的风险规避程度越高，零售商利润越高，而供应商利润越低.     

季节性商品时间约束下供应链协调策略

在基准报童模型的基础上,加入基础时间竞争因素,建立模型并进行求解分析,证明了单纯的回购契约在零售商对订货量和努力水平同时进行决策时不能实现供应链的协调,提出了一种新的违约共担契约,并证明了在零售商对订货量和努力水平同时进行决策时,违约共担契约和回购契约组合可以使得零售商和供应商获得帕累托改进,实现供应链的协调.研究成果将对季节性商品零售商和供应商在合作过程中的合同签订提供一个有效的指导.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with