高分子量PAN溶液流变性质的研究

用高分子量PAN聚合体进行纺丝是提高PAN基碳纤维原丝强度的一条主要途径，但高分子量PAN聚合体的溶解往往不完全，可纺性差，本采用实验室自制设备对高分子量PAN聚合体进行了溶解，通过对所得溶液流变性质的研究发现该溶液可纺性良好。     

纺丝溶液的挤出对聚丙烯腈初生纤维表面形态的影响

采用旋转流变仪并结合Tanner黏弹性流体挤出胀大方程研究了剪切对聚丙烯腈/二甲基亚砜(PAN/DMSO)溶液挤出胀大的影响,用原子力显微镜(AFM)研究了挤出速度对PAN初生纤维表面粗糙度的影响规律。结果表明：随着挤出速度的增大,体系的挤出胀大比逐渐增大,当挤出速度大于90m/h时,挤出胀大比的变化出现拐点,增大的趋势变缓;聚合物大分子链的回复是初生纤维表面形貌形成的主要原因,湿法纺丝过程中,挤出速度低于90m/h时初生纤维表面粗糙度随着挤出速度增加而减少,在较高挤出速度时,随着挤出速度增加而增加;干湿法纺丝初生纤维的表面粗糙度明显低于湿法纺丝,并且随挤出速度的增加而增大。     

应用原子力显微镜研究热塑性聚氨酯的微相分离

用一步法在密炼机中合成了热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)。在原子力显微镜(AFM)下观察其微相分离情况。结果表明，TPU具有明显的微相分离现象，其软硬段形成了长程有序，具有规则周期的微区结构，交替排列分布。利用AFM中的相图可以准确判断TPU中的两相归属，不受其他因素的干扰。TPU中的两相结构随硬段含量的增加而变化，由硬段为分散相转变为软硬段双连续相结构，继而转变成为硬段为连续相结构。对TPU在一定热处理温度下发生的性能变化作了原子力显微镜观察，发现在一定的热处理温度下，TPU的微相分离程度发生了变化。     

高浓度PAN/DMSO原液粘度特性及纺丝工艺性的研究

在研究了聚丙烯腈／二甲基亚砜纺丝溶液粘度特性的基础上,初步探讨了纺丝液中ＰＡＮ的质量分数与纤维的可牵伸性及致密性的关系。     

超近场光学扫描显微镜的研究

近场光学扫描技术是近年兴起的高新技术之一。超近场光学扫描尚未见报导。本讨论超近场光学扫描显微镜的工作原理及其超分辨理论。     

PAN溶液极性对相分离后聚合物晶态结构的影响

利用紫外光谱、流变、XRD等分析方法,研究了溶液极性对PAN晶态结构形成的影响。研究结果发现,PAN溶液中溶剂的极性能够通过影响溶液中PAN分子链的存在状态,导致相分离后聚合物晶态结构产生差异。随着溶剂极性的增大,溶剂分子与PAN大分子链间的相互作用力增强,溶液特性黏度、表观黏度等依次增大,PAN分子链段逐渐舒展,在相同凝固条件下得到的聚合物结晶度逐渐减小,晶粒尺寸依次增大。     

香螺鳃的光学显微镜和扫描电镜研究

用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察了香螺锶的组织学和表面结构，鳃叶上皮由５个区带的细胞组成；前纤毛柱状细胞，立方细胞，侧纤毛柱状细胞，后纤毛柱状细胞及呼吸上皮，侧纤毛产生水流由左侧进入锶叶间，呼吸上皮由高低不等的细胞组成，表面呈“木耳”状，其组织学和表面结构有助于进行气体交换。     

TPU/POE共混体系相分离过程的ATR-FTIR研究

探讨了一种新的共混体系热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)/聚乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE)共混体系,在相分离过程中衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱(ATR-FTIR),结果发现:对于不相容TPU/POE体系,随着热老化时间的增加,ATR-FT-IR特征峰面积也逐渐增加(温度较低除外),温度较高时则先增加后降低;而PU/POE/POE-g-...     

山茶属Camellia植物花粉形态的光学显微镜观察

在光学显微镜下观察了山茶属16组36种植物的花粉形态.结果表明,山茶属的花粉形状分规则形与不规则形两种,其中规则形花粉极面观呈三裂圆形、三裂正三角形、三裂钝三角形,赤道面观为圆形、卵圆形、椭圆形或钝三角形.     

戊二醛交联PVA/PAN复合膜渗透汽化性能的实验研究

研究了戊二醛交联时间对PVA/PAN复合膜分离性能的影响,并用于乙醇水溶液的分离。结果表明,交联处理存在着最优时间。对应于最优交联时间的膜,当料液中乙醇质量分数(wE)为96.2%,料液温度(t)为70℃时,渗透通量(J_t)为337(g·m^-2·h^-1),分离因数(α_W/E)为389.7。进一步考察了料液质量分数为30%～98.3%,料液温度为50～78℃时,交联膜的分离性能。     

铌硅酸盐玻璃分相的研究

本文利用DTA、HTMC、XRD等手段和方法对组成为X(Nb2O5·K2O)[(50-x)/2](BaO·3SiO2)的铌硅酸盐光学玻璃的分相进行了研究。研究结果表明 :在该系统玻璃中 ,当Nb2O5 含量≥14%时 ,玻璃中存在着分相现象 ;Na2O5 含量不同 ,分相的类型和机理不同 ,分相对玻璃析晶的影响亦不同     

重差分相液膜技术提取六价铬的研究

采用重差分相液膜分离技术提取Cr6 ,以三正辛胺为载体,煤油为膜溶剂,NaOH溶液为反萃剂,考察了料液酸度、表面活性剂浓度、反萃液碱度等条件对六价铬的提取率与反萃率的影响,提取过程不需要制乳和破乳,工艺过程比较简单.     

相差显微镜在粉末材料结构研究中的应用

提出了利用相差显微镜对粉末材料显微结构进行摄影的方法。主要对粉末材料显微摄影的技术设计、关键因素进行了分析。结果表明：在不使用相差显微镜自身光源的情况下。利用附加光源的作用，可以得到粉末材料显微结构的清晰图像。     

High-frequency characterization of an optical phase modulator with phase modulation-to-intensity modulation conversion in dispersive fibers

We propose a new method for characterizing optical phase modulators based on phase modulation-to-intensity modulation (PM-to-IM) conversion in dispersive fibers.The fiber dispersion spectrally alters the relative phasing of the phase-modulated signal and leads to the PM-to-IM conversion,which is extended to measure the modulation efficiency of optical phase modulators.In the demonstration,the frequency-dependent modulation index and half-wave voltage are experimentally measured for a commercial phase modulator.Compared with conventional methods,the proposed method works without the restriction of small-signal operations,and allows swept-frequency measurement with high resolution and accuracy by using a vector network analyzer.     

不变量理论求光在光纤中传播和几何相因子

用量子不变量理论研究光在一般光纤中传播的系统 ,求出此系统的精确解     

高聚物反相填料在分离纯化莱菔硫烷中的应用

采用高聚物反相填料装填的半制备柱(PST, 30μm, 300mm×10mm ID)对莱菔硫烷进行分离纯化,优化了色谱分离参数,确定最佳流动相为30%乙腈-水溶液,流速为2mL/min等度洗脱,检测波长254nm,进样量不超过20mg时,收率在61%以上,纯度可达90%。采用中心切割的方式收集,获得的产品纯度可达90%以上。     

Study on the separation process of non-metallic inclusions at the steel-slag interface using water modeling

The separation process of non-metallic inclusions at the steel-slag interface was simulated by physical modeling. Three different kinds of particles (octahedral, plate-like, and spherical) and three different oils (kerosene, bean oil, and pump oil) were used to model inclusions and slags, respectively. The effects of inclusion geometry (shape and size) and slag properties (viscosity and interfacial tension) on the separation process were investigated. The results revealed that the variation of surface free energy and the viscosity of the slag are two significant factors affecting the separation process of inclusions at the steel-slag interface. The variation of surface free energy helped inclusions enter the slag phase, whereas the decrease of slag viscosity shortened the separation time. The deformation of the steel-slag interface could give rise to the resistance force, which would resist inclusions passing through the interface. A liquid film formed on the inclusion as it passed through the steel-slag interface, which might be related to the inclusion's shape.     

Study of spectrophotometric method for determination of trace copper after the separation and enrichment with solid phase extractant-microcrystalline phenolphthalein

A new method of using phenolphthalein loaded with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) as solid phase extractant to separate and enrich trace copper in diverse water samples has been developed. The ef- fects of different parameters, such as the amounts of PAN and phenolphthalein, stirring time, various salts and metal ions on the enrichment yield of Cu(II) have been investigated to select the experimental conditions. Under the optimum conditions, Cu(II) can be totally adsorbed on the surface of microcrys- talline phenolphthalein. By controlling appropriate acidity (pH=1.0), Cu(II) is completely separated from Cd(II), Pb(II), Mn(II), Co(II), Fe(III), Ni(II), Al(III), Zn(II) and Hg(II) in the solution. The possible reaction mechanism of the enrichment of copper is discussed in detail in this paper. The detection limit of this proposed method is found to be 0.03 μg·L-1 with the enrichment factor of 200. The recovery is in a range of 96.8%―105%. The standard deviation is less than 2.5%. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of trace copper in different water samples with satisfactory results.     

Effects of thermal aging temperature and Cr content on phase separation kinetics in Fe-Cr alloys simulated by the phase field method

Phase field simulations of phase separation in Fe-Cr binary alloys were performed by using the Cahn-Hilliard diffusion function. A new mobility model in relation to aging temperature and Cr content was used in the simulations. Two alloys of Fe-30at%Cr and Fe-35at%Cr were investigated at two different aging temperatures of 573 and 673 K. The phase separation kinetics was found to consist of three stages: wavelength modulation, amplitude increase, and coarsening of Cr-enriched regions. A higher thermal aging temperature accelerated the phase separation and increased the wavelength of concentration fluctuation. While the effect of Cr content on the phase separation kinetics was slight, Fe-Cr alloys with a higher Cr content were found to generate a larger number and a finer size of Cr-enriched regions. The simulation results provide consultation for design and safe operation of duplex stainless steel pipes in nuclear power plants.