多孔物料干燥中物料体积的收缩特性

以生姜、胡萝卜、土豆和香蕉为实验材料,引入体积收缩系数和各向同性率的概念,研究了多孔物料干燥过程中的体积收缩特性,分析了脱水量与物料收缩率之间的关系,并探讨了干燥介质温度和相对湿度对收缩特性的影响．结果表明,干燥强度越大则物料的体积收缩率越大,且多孔物料的微观结构也对收缩特性有着重要的影响．最后通过无量纲化方法建立了考虑收缩特性的土豆-水分扩散模型,实验数据与模拟结果趋于一致．     

合成纤维织物和棉织物热风干燥特性的实验研究

采用合成纤维和棉织物作为实验样品，对纤维织物的热风干燥过程进行了实验研究，得到了在不同干燥工况条件下的纤维织物温度和干基含水率变化曲线，对合成纤维织物和棉织物的表面温度和干基含水率变化特性进行了仔细分析。在热风干燥中，织物温度与干基含水率均存在4个 阶段的变化，不同的织物具有不同的干燥特性。织物的干燥是在恒速干燥阶段完成，其干燥速率由水分表面气化速度所控制；纤维织物热风干燥的临界含水率约为10％左右，降低织物的临界含水率和延长织物的恒速干燥阶段时间均有助于提高织物的干燥质量。     

蔬菜种子干燥的内部水分扩散机理

以菜豆种子为对象,建立了物料的内部水分扩散模型。通过边界条件的处理把反映物料干燥过程动态特性的实验含水率曲线与物粒颗粒内部水分扩散相结合,提出了一种较准确的确定物料颗粒在非稳态脱水过程中内部水分扩散系数和分析内部水分分布及其动态特性的方法。研究表明,种子内部水分的扩散过程表现出强烈的非均质性与非稳态性,种皮是最主要的传质阻力之一,种子内部不同组成部分的扩散系数是不同的。计算结果及与实验曲线拟合的统计分析表明,样本决定了系数达0．990,所以在此基础上确定的扩散系数是可靠的,进行的物料颗粒内部水分分布的计算保证了与物料非稳态干燥过程的同步性。     

毛细多孔物料降速干燥阶段的水分蒸发机理

基于毛细管内水分蒸发特性和毛细孔隙分布规律，分析含湿毛细多孔物料干燥过程中水分蒸发机理，得出以下结论：在典型毛细多孔物料的降速干燥阶段，蒸发过程只在物料内部的某一蒸发间进行，并建立了描述蒸发区间位置的微分方程，得到了蒸发区间内蒸发强度的计算式，并讨论了毛细多孔体隙大小分布对蒸发区间和蒸发强度的影响。     

基于三维实体模型的玉米热风干燥模拟计算

针对热风干燥条件下单体玉米颗粒内部的传热传质过程,开展基于三维实体模型的模拟研究.借助高精度医用CT机扫描玉米颗粒,所获得的CT图片经过MIMICS和ANSYS软件处理,建立玉米颗粒的三维实体模型.采用傅里叶传热方程、菲克扩散方程以及导热系数、扩散系数公式作为干燥理论模型的控制方程;利用COMSOLMultiphysics计算软件完成模拟计算.模拟结果表明,热风干燥过程中玉米颗粒内部为传质控制过程,所提三维实体模型模拟计算方法能够更好地描述单体谷物颗粒内部的热质传递现象.     

多孔物料干燥过程中的体积收缩特性

分析了多孔含湿物料干燥过程中体积收缩产生的原因，实验研究了三种典型多孔物料体积收缩特性，讨论了多孔物料毛细孔半、固体间架强度和外部干燥条件等对体积收缩率的影响。     

SWGZ4颗粒稳定干燥组合机

该机集稳定、干燥于一体,提高了颗粒耐水性和颗粒存放时间.它主要用于特种水产饲料的后熟化处理,在其稳定器内,利用蒸汽间接加热系统对颗粒进行保温处理,改善制粒后颗粒内部应力,使物料内淀粉充分糊化,蛋白质变性;在其干燥器内,通过控制内部温湿度,使物料干燥过程中颗粒内部水分扩散速度大于外部水分蒸发速度,从而改善颗粒表面质量.经检测,其质量符合Q/320481LJ151-1998标准的要求.     

银杏白果干燥过程中水分分布及迁移的变化

【目的】探讨银杏白果在干燥过程中水分分布、迁移规律及低场核磁共振信号量与含水量之间的关系,为银杏白果水分传递模型的建立以及储存过程中含水量的快速测定提供依据。【方法】利用低场核磁共振技术,对不同热风干燥温度(50、60、70、80、90 ℃)处理的银杏白果中氢核的横向弛豫衰减信号进行测试,并利用SIRT模型对数据进行反演,得出横向弛豫时间T₂的反演数据。利用自旋回波脉冲序列对银杏白果的质子密度加权成像。【结果】银杏白果中的水分主要有3种存在状态,分别为结合水(0.79~7.32 ms)、束缚水(13.67~89.07 ms)和自由水(109.70~1 072.27 ms)。经过热风干燥处理改变了银杏白果中水分的结合状态,水分发生明显迁移,自由水和束缚水的信号幅值随干燥温度的升高而逐渐减弱。不同含水率银杏白果的反演峰总面积不同,随着干基含水率的增加,核磁共振信号增强、峰面积增大,两者具有显著的相关性,拟合方程为y=7 436.46x + 153.32(R²=0.993)。核磁共振成像技术通过图片明暗的不同,直观地呈现出不同阶段的水分含量。【结论】干基含水率与核磁共振横向弛豫时间、弛豫峰面积之间有较好的相关性,可以利用低场核磁技术快速检测出银杏白果中的水分含量。通过核磁共振图谱也可以直观地观察银杏白果内部水分含量的变化。     

多孔介质对流干燥过程数值模拟

为研究含湿毛细孔介质干燥过程的相变现象,建立了相变的传热传质数学模型.模型中以残余饱和度将多孔介质划分为湿区与干区,湿区和干区以“蒸发界面”动态边界相互耦合.用有限差分方法对多孔介质一维干燥过程进行了计算,数值解表明:干区是等速干燥与降速干燥的分界点;干燥初期多孔介质压力升高,温度下降;随后在等速干燥段温度分布保持不变,在出现干区时再度升高.干区出现的初期,蒸发界面向多孔介质内部推进的速度较慢,在到达介质厚度10%左右时出现转折,随后推进速度加快.     

大温差条件下多孔材料干燥过程数值模拟

基于热力学平衡假设并结合动态边界条件,对大温差下多孔保温材料中的水分迁移及三态相变过程进行数值模拟,并以海绵干燥过程为例给出了实验验证.在数学模型中考虑了由于温差引起的自然对流效应,分析了不同时刻海绵内部的温度、水蒸气浓度、液态水及冰体积分数的分布规律,讨论了材料主要物性参数对水分传递过程的影响.结果表明:数学模型能够实现对大温差下多孔介质中水分传递过程的准确预测;由物性参数分析的结果可知,相比于影响多孔保温材料水分传递的有效扩散系数和孔隙率两个关键物性参数而言,有效导热系数影响相对微弱.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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