不对称树枝状咔唑类衍生物的合成

以1,4-二溴苯和1,8-二碘联苯为原料分别与咔唑发生乌尔曼偶联反应制得两种相应的成对偶联分子,用NBS作为溴化试剂与这两种分子反应制得新型的多溴代产物:3,3′,6-三溴-1,4-双咔唑基苯、3,3′,6,6′-四溴-1,4-双咔唑基苯和3,3′,6-三溴-1,8-双咔唑基联苯.该溴化物与咔唑在铜催化下发生乌尔曼偶联反应制得3种新颖的树枝状咔唑类衍生物:3,3′,6-三(N-咔唑基)-1,4-双咔唑基苯、3,3′,6,6’-四(N-咔唑基)-1,4-双咔唑基苯、3,3′,6-三(N-咔唑基)-1,8-双咔唑基联苯.通过核磁、质谱分别对所合成的化合物进行了表征.     

一种新型吲哚并[3,2-b]咔唑化合物合成方法

以3-氨基-N-苯基咔唑为起始原料,经溴化反应、Suzuki偶联反应和Buchwald偶联反应合成了5,11-二氢-5-苯基吲哚并[3,2-b]咔唑,通过~1H NMR对化合物结构进行了表征.研究了反应温度、催化剂用量以及反应时间等因素对产物收率的影响,得到了最佳反应条件:反应温度100℃,反应时间18 h,催化剂用量为3-氨基-N-苯基咔唑摩尔量的4%.     

一种咔唑衍生物的合成与表征

以咔唑为原料,经溴乙烷的烷基化、NBS的溴化,得到3,6-二溴-9-乙基咔唑3,然后与噻吩硼酸偶联和Vils-meier-Haack反应,得到一种新型咔唑衍生物5.化合物5是一种制备染料敏化太阳能电池中染料的重要中间体,经IR及NMR表征表明结构正确.     

9-[1,1'-联苯]-3-基-3-(9,9'-螺二[9H-芴]-3-基)-9H-咔唑的合成与性能研究

以咔唑为起始原料,经Ullmann反应、溴化反应、Miyaura反应和Suzuki反应合成了 9-[1,1'-联苯]-3-基-3-(9,9'-螺二[9H-芴]-3-基)-9H-咔唑,重点研究了不同的溶剂、碱和催化剂对Suzuki反应中目标产物产率的影响.条件优化实验结果表明:在二氯二叔丁基-(4-二甲基氨基苯基)磷钯(...     

2-羟基咔唑的合成与表征

以邻溴硝基苯为起始原料,依次与双(频那醇合)二硼,对溴苯甲醚经Suzuki-Miyaura反应合成了2-硝基-4’-甲氧基联苯,然后经亚磷酸三乙酯还原反应,三溴化硼催化脱甲基化合成了目标产物2-羟基咔唑,总收率68.9%.通过1 HNMR、13 C NMR表征了合成化合物结构.     

新型双光子引发剂9-苄基-3，6-二［2-(吡啶-4-基)-乙烯基］咔唑的合成及其聚合特性

以咔唑和苄氯为原料，在温和条件下与N-溴代丁二酰亚胺反应得到了中间体3,6-二溴-9-苄基咔唑。从此中间体出发，经Heck反应合成了具有C_2v对称性的9-苄基-3,6-二［2-（吡啶-4-基）-乙烯基］咔唑（BPyVC）。采用核磁共振、红外、质谱等手段确定了新化合物的结构，并对化合物的光物理特性进行了评价。双光子聚合实验的结果表明，BPyVC在扫描速度为22mm/s时的双光子聚合的最低能量密度低于92.7kJ/cm²，在固定光强为12.7mW时，引发双光子聚合的最少曝光时间低于1.15ms。     

N-乙基咔唑树状分子的合成及光电性能

采用溴化反应和乌尔曼偶联反应合成了无定形N-乙基咔唑树状分子.运用密度泛函理论(TD-DFT),在B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)水平上,通过理论计算得到分子的HOMO能级为-5.16eV、LUMO能级为-1.59eV,与实验值非常接近.对N-乙基咔唑树状分子的光物理性能进行了研究,发现化合物在292nm处产生最大吸收峰,其最大发射峰在394nm处.利用循环伏安法对化合物的电化学性能进行了分析,发现N-乙基咔唑树状分子产生了可逆的双氧化峰,起始氧化势为0.74V.N-乙基咔唑树状分子的双光子吸收截面为13.86×10-50cm4.s.(photon)-1.     

咔唑-呋喃-噻吩以及吲哚-呋喃-噻吩齐聚物的合成

五氟苯和五氟溴苯是公认的代表性的含氟化合物,可以通过多种反应与其它化合物相连接。N-芳化杂环化合物例如咔唑和吲哚是具有空穴传输性能、在紫外光范围有很强的吸收并且具有发可贵的蓝光等特性。以咔唑为侧基的非共轭类聚合物具有很好的光学性能和空穴传输性能。呋喃噻吩齐聚物具有优异的性质。该文发展了合成咔唑-呋喃-噻吩以及吲哚-呋喃-噻吩齐聚物的方法。以自制的五氟苯代吲哚和五氟苯代咔唑为起始原料,与硼试剂反应分别制备相应的硼酸酯。通过溴封端的噻吩-氟代呋喃-噻吩中间体与硼酸酯反应制备咔唑-呋喃噻吩以及吲哚-呋喃-噻吩齐聚物。     

氯丙基取代的杯芳烃衍生物的合成

以对叔丁基杯[n]芳烃1a-1c(n=4,6,8)和间苯二酚杯芳烃1d-1e(R=C6H5,p-HOC6H4)为原料,在碳酸钾存在下以丙酮为溶剂与1-溴-3-氯丙烷反应,得到下缘为氯丙基取代的杯芳烃衍生物2a-2e。进一步以2b-2d为原料,在碳酸钾存在下以丙酮为溶剂与咔唑反应,得到丙基桥连的杯芳烃咔唑衍生物3a-3c。通过红外光谱,核磁共振氢谱等确定了上述产物的结构。     

N-乙基七咔唑树状分子的合成、光物理性能、电化学性能及双光子吸收性能的研究

无定形N-乙基七咔唑树状分子通过溴化反应和乌尔曼偶联反应合成。运用密度泛函理论（TD-DFT）,在B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)水平上,理论计算出分子的HOMO、LUMO能级。对七咔唑的光物理性能进行了研究,化合物在292nm产生最大吸收峰,最大发射峰在393nm。利用循环伏安法对化合物的电化学性能进行了研究,七咔唑产生可逆的双氧化峰,起始氧化势为0.74V.七咔唑的双光子吸收截面为13.86GM.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.