板坯连铸结晶器内坯壳厚度及枝晶间距

通过向结晶器添加ＦｅＳ测定了正常工况下结晶器内坯壳的厚度分布，由测得的坯壳厚度分布，分析了结晶器内弯月面参数、凝固系数以及坏壳的凝固速度、温度梯度和冷却速度。结果表明，用结晶器内钢水添加硫方法确定的坯壳厚度的分布较为合理。     

电脉冲孕育处理对方坯连铸09CuPCrNi钢凝固组织的影响

在鞍钢工业生产中进行了利用电脉冲孕育技术改善和细化连铸坯凝固组织的探索性实验研究.实验钢种为09CuPCrNi,连铸坯的尺寸规格为150mm×150mm.实验结果表明,在连铸中间罐内对09CuPCrNi钢水进行电脉冲孕育处理可以明显细化连铸坯的凝固组织.与未经电脉冲孕育处理的连铸坯相比,经电脉冲孕育处理后,连铸坯的柱状晶长度明显缩短,一次枝晶臂间距明显减小;连铸坯的中心等轴晶区扩大,中心缩孔得到明显改善.轧材性能达到了技术要求.     

过热度对轴承钢内部组织的影响

利用枝晶腐蚀低倍检验技术、铸坯及盘条淬火+回火热处理金相检验等技术研究了过热度对轴承钢内部组织的影响。结果表明低过热度工艺铸坯等轴晶比例提高,二次枝晶间距变小,铸坯内部偏析、缩孔等冶金缺陷有所改善,但盘条酸洗低倍组织及碳化物不均匀性差别不大。两种工艺铸坯混晶区均比中心等轴晶区偏析严重,存在大量的大尺寸共晶碳化物。     

Effect of M-EMS on the solidification structure of a steel billet

Effects of mold electromagnetic stirring (M-EMS) on the solidification structure of 45# steel billet were investigated by examination of interdendritic corrosion. The results show that the primary and secondary dendrite arm spacings increase from the edge of the billet to the center and decrease obviously with increasing electromagnetic torque, which will be beneficial to refine the solidification structure and enlarge the equiaxed crystal zone. The ratio of equiaxed crystal increases by 15.9% with the electromagnetic torque increasing from 230 to 400 cN·cm. The increase of stirring intensity can improve the cooling rate and the impact of M-EMS on it reduces from the edge of the billet to the central area, where the cooling rates are similar at different torques. The closer to the central area, the less the influence of M-EMS on the cooling rate is. The ratio of the primary to secondary dendrite arm spacing is approximately 2.0, namely, λ1≈2λ2, and is constant irrespective of the stirring intensity and position of the billet. Original position analysis (OPA) results indicate that the center segregation of the billet is greatly improved, and the more uniform and compact solidification structure will be obtained with the increase of stirring intensity.     

Analysis of cracking phenomena in continuous casting of 1Cr13 stainless steel billets with final electromagnetic stirring

Solidification cracking that occurs during continuous casting of 1Cr13 stainless steel was investigated with and without final electromagnetic stirring (F-EMS). The results show that cracks initiates and propagates along the grain boundaries where the elements of carbon and sulfur are enriched. The final stirrer should be appropriately placed at a location that is 7.5 m away from the meniscus, and the appropriate thickness of the liquid core in the stirring zone is 50 mm. As a stirring current of 250 A is imposed, it can promote columnar-equiaxed transition, decrease the secondary dendrite arm spacing, and reduce the segregation of both carbon and sulfur. F-EMS can effectively decrease the amount of cracks in 1Cr13 stainless steel.     

高品质车轮钢二冷区冷却方式

为了探索高品质低成本车轮钢生产工艺,比较了两种二冷区冷却方式(气雾冷却和全水冷却)对车轮钢铸坯表面温度、凝固组织与宏观偏析的影响.结果表明:两种冷却方式下的二冷区矫直段铸坯表面温度均高于950℃,处于高温塑性区,可避免产生矫直裂纹;两种冷却方式均得到了均匀对称的凝固组织;虽然气雾冷却可略微增加等轴晶比例和降低铸坯中心偏析,但是使铸坯枝晶间距变得较为粗大,并且加重了1/2半径附近处的偏析,对随后的加工和成品的质量更为不利.综合考虑实验结果和生产成本,认为全水冷却方式更适合高品质车轮钢的生产.     

钢渣免烧砖碳化影响因素研究

针对钢渣制品在使用过程中存在安定性不良的问题,本文通过钢渣免烧砖碳化试验,从钢渣粒度、碳化时间、CO2气体压力、物料水分和成型压力5个方面探讨了钢渣免烧砖中钢渣碳化的影响因素。在试验范围内,这5个因素对碳化增重量和试块强度均产生明显影响,但影响趋势不尽相同。X射线衍射、扫描电镜和能谱成分分析表明,钢渣碳化后形成了大量细棒状的Ca CO3晶体。碳化后试块压蒸安定性合格,抗压强度≥15 MPa。对钢渣进行碳化制作免烧砖,能充分利用钢渣,吸收温室气体CO2,节约能源和养护时间,是钢渣利用的有效途径。     

碳钢连铸凝固过程的微观模拟

通过一种简单的数学模型研究了连铸坯凝固过程中枝晶生长的重要微观结构参数.结合中碳钢连铸性能计算出凝固过程中枝晶生长的尖端半径、枝晶生长速率、二次枝晶臂间距等枝晶相关参数,并研究了拉速对上述微观结构参数的影响.分析了碳、硅、锰、磷和硫等重要元素的微观偏析程度随凝固进程与坯壳生长的变化规律.与前人经验模型的对比与验证表明本文模型预测结果合理.     

轴承钢中TiN夹杂物析出的控制

通过对轴承钢中TiN夹杂析出的理论分析,得到不同凝固率下TiN夹杂析出溶解度饱和线,据此提出防止TiN夹杂析出的[Ti]、[N]控制范围,同时提出了生产过程中[Ti]、[N]的控制措施.     

High undercooling and rapid dendritic growth of Cu-Sb alloy in drop tube

Droplets of Cu-20%Sb hypoeutectic alloy has been rapidly solidified in drop tube within the containerless condition. With the decrease of droplet diameter, undercooling increases and the microstructures of primary copper dendrite refines. Undercooling up to 207 K (0.17 T _L) is obtained in experiment. Theoretic analysis indicated that because of the broad temperature range of solidification, the rapid growth of primary copper dendrite is controlled by the solutal diffusion. Judging from the calculation of T₀ curve in the phase diagram, it is shown that the critical undercooling of segregationless solidification is δT ₀ = 474 K. At the maximum undercooling of 207 K, the growth velocity of primary copper phase exceeds to 37 mm/s, and the distinct solute trapping occurs.     

Evaluation of the microstructure,secondary dendrite arm spacing,and mechanical properties of Al-Si alloy castings made in sand and Fe-Cr slag molds

The microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast A356 (Al-Si) alloy castings were investigated. A356 alloy was cast into three different molds composed of sand, ferrochrome (Fe-Cr) slag, and a mixture of sand and Fe-Cr. A sodium silicate-CO₂ process was used to make the necessary molds. Cylindrical-shaped castings were prepared. Cast products with no porosity and a good surface finish were achieved in all of the molds. These castings were evaluated for their metallography, secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS), and mechanical properties, including hardness, compression, tensile, and impact properties. Furthermore, the tensile and impact samples were analyzed by fractography. The results show that faster heat transfer in the Fe-Cr slag molds than in either the silica sand or mixed molds led to lower SDAS values with a refined microstructure in the products cast in Fe-Cr slag molds. Consistent and enhanced mechanical properties were observed in the slag mold products than in the castings obtained from either sand or mixed molds. The fracture surface of the slag mold castings shows a dimple fracture morphology with a transgranular fracture nature. However, the fracture surfaces of the sand mold castings display brittle fracture. In conclusion, products cast in Fe-Cr slag molds exhibit an improved surface finish and enhanced mechanical properties compared to those of products cast in sand and mixed molds.     

CSP结晶器内钢液流动及凝固的数值模拟

应用数值模拟方法,建立CSP漏斗型结晶器内钢液流动及凝固传热耦合模型。针对结晶器内铸坯角部受到强冷的特点,对结晶器内热流密度采用修正方程进行计算,分析热流密度修正系数对铸坯凝固坯壳表面温度计算精度的影响。通过比较不同拉坯速率下结晶器内钢液凝固的特点,研究凝固坯壳对结晶器内钢液流动行为的影响。结果表明,采用热流密度修正系数后,铸坯凝固坯壳角部温度的计算值与实际情况更相符;提高拉坯速率可使铸坯凝固坯壳厚度减小;拉坯速率较大时凝固坯壳厚度随铸坯距弯月面距离的增大基本呈线性增长,拉坯速率为3m/min时,凝固坯壳在生长过程中厚度的增长有短暂的停滞现象;凝固坯壳对钢液流动的影响较大,主要是由钢液有效流动区域减少及两相区额外动量阻损造成的。