Microwave assisted synthesis &; properties of nano HA-TCP biphasic calcium phosphate

Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) nanopowders were synthesized by using microwave and non-microwave irradiation assisted processes. The synthesized powders were pressed under a pressure of 90 MPa, and then were sintered at 1000-1200℃ for 1 h. The mechanical properties of the samples were investigated. The formed phases and microstructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the synthesis time was shorter, along with a more homogeneous microstructure, when the microwave irradiation assisted method was applied. The compression strength and the Young's modulus of the samples synthesized with microwave irradiation were about 60 MPa and 3 GPa, but those of the samples synthesized without microwave irradiation were about 30 MPa and 2 GPa, respectively. XRD patterns of the microwave irradiation assisted and non-microwave irradiation assisted nanopowders showed the coexistence of hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phases in the system.     

Preparation and photochromic properties of NiAl-NO3- LDHs/LDPE composite

Nanoscale NiAl-NO3-LDHs with good crystallinity have been synthesized by a method, Separate Nucleation and Aging Steps (SNAS). An NiAl-NO3-LDHs/LDPE composite was prepared by blending NiAl-NO3-LDHs and LDPE in a heated double-roller mixer. The color of this composite changed from olive green to steel gray under UV irradiation. After heating at 80oC for 2 h, the color returned to olive green. The effect of varying the amount of added NiAl-NO3-LDHs and UV exposure time on the photochromic properties of the composite has been investigated. The results showed that the photochromic phenomenon becomes more apparent with increasing amount of NiAl-NO3-LDHs. When the amount reaches 5%, the composite exhibits good photochromic properties and reproducibility. The color change rate of the composite reaches a maximum when the irradiation time exceeds 20 min. The addition of LDPE improves the photochromic cyclability of NiAl-NO3-LDHs significantly. The addition of nanoscale NiAl-NO3-LDHs also improves the mechanical properties of LDPE to some extent.     

Catalysis of organic pollutant photodegradation by metal phthalocyanines immobilized on TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>@SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>

A TiO2@SiO2 hybrid support was prepared by the sol-precipitation method using n-octylamine as a template.The photocatalyst manganese phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid (MnPcS) was immobilized on the support to form MnPcS-TiO2@SiO2.X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-Vis DRS) were employed to characterize the catalyst.The photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) and the catalytic oxidation of o-phenylenediamine (OPDA) under visible light irradiation were used as probe reactions.The mineralization efficiency and the degradation mechanism were evaluated using chemical oxygen demand (COD Cr) assays and electron spin resonance (ESR),respectively.RhB was efficiently degraded by immobilized MnPcS-TiO2@SiO2 under visible light irradiation.Complete decolorization of RhB occurred after 240 min of irradiation and 64.02% COD Cr removal occurred after 24 h of irradiation.ESR results indicated that the oxidation process was dominated by the hydroxyl radical (·OH) and superoxide radical (O-·2) generated in the system.     

Flexible Ultrasonic Phased-Array Probe

In ultrasonic phased-array testing, most probes are rigid with fixed elements. However, when testing a cambered piece, a rigid probe cannot be used directly, but an ultrasonic chock or coupling media must be used, which adds cost and reduces the accuracy. The objective of this research was to improve the tests of cambered pieces. A flexible ultrasonic phased-array probe was developed to do the flexible phasedarray testing. The key technologies in the flexible phased-array probe include the probe design and the phased-array control. A new method was developed to design the flexible probe according to the curvature of the piece and the test depth. The method includes the calculation of the element‘s height (he), the relative rotation angle (ωe), the distance between the adjoining elements (de), and the element‘s effective testing range. A flexible ultrasonic phased-array probe has been developed using this method.     

Application of Ultrasonic Technology in Detecting of Sludge Level

The basic principle and the method of detecting the sludge level have been presented,and the merits and demerits of different methods have been compared. The method of detecting by ultrasonic has been put forward based on characteristic and the need of measuring of sludge level.     

Interface and Surface Properties of Nano—hydroxyapatite／Poly（1,4—Phenylene—Sulfide）—Poly（2,4—Phenylene Sulfide Acid）Copolymer Composite

The interface and surface properties of nano-hydroxyapatite(n-HA)and poly(1,4-phenylene suIfide)-poly(2,4-phenylene sulfide acid)(PPS-PPSA) copolymer composite were investigated.The results show that there are some strong interface combinations of calcium ion(Ca^2 ),carboxyl(-COO^-)and phosphate radicle ion(PO4^3-)between copolymer and n-HA in the composite.The presence of the 2,4-phenylene sulfide acid in copolymer can increase the affinity to nHA,which causes the formation of chemical bindings between the PPS-PPSA copolymer and nHA.XRD analysis and IR surface analysis indicate that n-HA is not encapsulated by copolymer but exposed on the surface of the composite,and has same structure and properties with the original n-HA.The presence of the interface chemical bindings between the PPS-PPSA copolymer and n-HA can increase the content of n-HA in composite but does not cause the decrease of the composite mechanical strength.     

Rate constants for the reaction of ozone with n-butyl, s-butyl and t-butyl methyl sulfides

The rate constants for the ozone reactions with n-butyl methyl sulfide (n-BMS, CH3CH2CH2CH2SCH3), sec-butyl methyl sulfide (s-BMS, CH3CH2(CH3)CHSCH3) and tert-butyl methyl sulfide (t-BMS, (CH3)3CSCH3) were measured using our smog chamber under supposedly pseudo-first-order conditions at 300±2 K and 760 Torr. The experimental determined rate constants for n-butyl, s-butyl and t-butyl methyl sulfide are (1.23 ± 0.06)×10-19, (5.08 ± 0.19)×10?20 and (2.26 ± 0.14)×10?20 cm3·molecule-1·s-1, respectively. The reactivity-structure relationship of the reactions was discussed and used to illustrate the mechanism of the ozone reaction with thioethers. The results enrich the kinetics data of atmospheric chemistry.     

Time difference based measurement of ultrasonic cavitations in wastewater treatment

Intensity of cavitation is significant in ultrasonic wastewater treatment, but is complicated to measure.A time difference based method of ultrasonic cavitation measurement is proposed.The time differences at different powers of 495kHz ultrasonic are measured in experiment in comparison with conductimetric method.Simulation results show that time difference and electrical conductivity are both approximately positive proportional to the ultrasonic power.The degradation of PNP solution verifies the availability in wastewater treatment by using ultrasonic.     

Quasi-solid state dye-sensitized solar cells based on pyridine or imidazole containing copolymer chemically crosslinked gel electrolytes

Quasi-solid state dye-sensitized solar cells based on chemically crosslinking with backbone polymers of poly(vinylpyridine-co-acrylonitrile) (P(VP-co-AN)) or poly(vinylimidazole-co-acrylonitrile) (P(VIM-co- AN)) and diiodide compounds of I(CH2)6I or I(CH2CH2O)nCH2CH2I solidified EC/PC/KI/I2 gel electrolytes have been fabricated. The ionic conductivities and apparent diffusion coefficients of I3? of the electro- lytes and cell performances have been investigated. Providing chemically crosslinking points, pyridine or imidazole from the backbone polymers benefited the open circuit voltage and fill factor of the cells. Consequently, the overall energy conversion efficiencies of the quasi-solid DSSCs improved over 10% even near 20% from that of the liquid electrolyte before solidification. Besides, the employing of crosslinker I(CH2CH2O)nCH2CH2I showed higher electrolytic and cell characters than that of I(CH2)6I.     

Preparation of three-dimensionally ordered macroporous perovskite materials

In this paper,we use La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 and La0.7Ca0.2Sr0.1MnO3 as examples to demonstrate a preparation method for threedimensionally ordered macroporous(3DOM) perovskite thermochromic materials.Polystyrene spheres with an average diameter of 220 nm were self-assembled into a three-dimensionally ordered colloidal crystal template.A mixed metal nitrate solution prepared using La(NO3) 3·6H2O,Ca(NO3) 2·4H2O,Sr(NO3) 2,Mn(CH3COO) 2·4H2O and an ethanol precursor was used to fill the interstitial voids of the polystyrene colloidal crystal templates.3DOM La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 and La0.7Ca0.2Sr0.1MnO3 materials were then obtained after the sphere templates were removed via drying and calcination.The results show that the framework of the 3DOM materials can have different thicknesses and pore shrinkage rates by varying the filling times.In addition,the Curie temperatures of the 3DOM and bulk La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 materials can be varied by altering the preparation method.     

高活性光催化剂TiO2粉体的制备条件研究

以钛酸四异丙酯为前驱体，采用溶胶-凝胶法和超声波照射法制备了高活性TiO2粉体光催化剂．考察了超声处理、冰乙酸用量、异丙醇用量、陈化时间等对TiO2粉体的光催化活性的影响．染料活性艳红（X-3B）的降解实验表明：钛酸四异丙酯在超声波照射下、在纯水中水解、冰乙酸用量为10ml、陈化36h制得的TiO2粉体的光催化活性最高，比商品P25TiO2光催化剂的活性高1．4倍．     

Influences of ultrasonic irradiation on the morphology and structure of nanoporous Co nanoparticles during chemical dealloying

The Co-61.8 wt% Al nanoparticles of 45 nm were prepared by hydrogen plasma-metal reaction (HPMR) method. The nanoparticles display core shell structure with Al13Co4 and CoAl core and aluminum oxide shell (about 2 nm). Under ultrasonic irradiation, nanoporous fcc-Co nanoparticles were produced successfully by chemically dealloying the Co-Al nanoparticles at room temperature, whereas, without ultrasonic irradiation CoAl phase could hardly react with sodium hydroxide solution. At 323 K the Co-Al nanoparticles could be dealloyed to fcc-Co and hcp-Co phases even without ultrasonic irradiation. The surface area of the dealloyed nanoparticles under ultrasonic irradiation was larger than that of the dealloyed sample without ultrasonic irradiation at the same temperature. It is believed that the microjet and shock-wave induced by ultrasonic irradiation give rise to particles size reduction, interparticle collision and surface cleaning, and accelerate the dealloying process and the phase transformation.     

复合物的 制备及苋菜红降解性能的研究

本文利用超声分散和溶液沸腾法制备TiO2,CeO2/TiO2和Fe2O3/TiO2复合物,在可见光的照射下,考察了苋菜红降解的效果,并利用X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对合成的光催化剂进行了表征. 另外,研究了TiO2,CeO2/TiO2和Fe2O3/TiO2复合物的用量、可见光照射时间、处理温度和处理时间等因素对苋菜红降解率的影响.结果表明,CeO2/TiO2复合物对降解染料表现出了更好的光催化活性.     

超声处理对酵母细胞的致死及相关影响

超声处理作为新兴的非热杀菌技术,由于对超声处理条件的作用规律和对微生物细胞的影响研究不足,在实际应用中还不成熟.文中以酿酒酵母为对象,考察超声杀菌处理效果的三个主要影响因素(即超声功率、时间和脉冲占空比)对细胞致死作用的影响规律,并采用选择性平板法对超声引起的细胞亚致死效应进行检测,采用TEM对细胞超微结构变化进行检测.结果表明:超声功率及时间对细胞的致死作用影响显著;超声处理后细胞未检出显著的亚致死损伤;超声处理对细胞的超微结构破坏大,表明结构完整性的破坏可能是细胞死亡的直接原因.     

超声作用下碳酸钙晶体的形态变化

为了解超声场对碳酸钙晶体形态的影响,揭示其作用机制,采用自行设计的超声设备(40 kHz,0.88W/cm2)来处理不同过饱和度的碳酸钙溶液,并比较有、无超声作用的碳酸钙晶体的形态和大小.研究结果表明:超声空化效应所产生的微观热量不仅能促进过饱和溶液中碳酸钙晶核的形成,迅速降低溶液的过饱和度,还能改变碳酸钙晶体的形态;经超声处理的碳酸钙过饱和溶液中形成了大量微小的碳酸钙晶体,其中绝大部分为文石,少量为细小方解石,它们长时间悬浮在溶液中;超声的机械效应对碳酸钙晶体形态的影响甚微.     

超声辐射下水介质中KF-Al_2O_3催化合成2-呋喃亚甲基氰乙酸乙酯

超声波辐射下以水为溶剂,氧化铝固载氟化钾催化合成了2-呋喃亚甲基氰乙酸乙酯.最佳反应条件:n(呋喃甲醛)∶n(氰乙酸乙酯)= 1∶1,催化剂用量为1.0 g,反应温度35 ℃时反应5 min,产率可达97.8%.     

模型沉积物中POPs的超声波降解

以六氯苯为例,用超声波辐射及与其它高级氧化技术(AOPs)相结合来降解持久性有机污染物(POPs).结果表明,当超声波辐射与紫外线辐射结合时,六氯苯的降解率与单一超声波辐射降解率几乎相同,分别为39.7%和40.0%;而当超声波辐射与光催化相结合时,由于所添加的TiO2颗粒促进了空穴的形成,降解率可提高到49.4%;当表面活性剂的质量分数提高到0.1%时,降解率可提高到49.2%;当用双频超声波辐射时,六氯苯的降解率高于任一单频超声波辐射.经过1h超声波辐射,20/176kHz双频、20kHz单频和176单频条件下,六氯苯降解率分别为57.5%,3.67%和41.0%.     

超声波催化合成3-羟基-4-吡啶酮

在超声波催化条件下,麦芽酚与苄基氯、胺反应快速地合成了1,2-二甲基-3-羟基-4-吡啶酮和1-乙基-2-甲基-3-羟基-4-吡啶酮,目标产物经IR,1HNMR光谱表征,并与常规合成方法进行了比较,证明该方法使反应时间缩短,产率提高。     

Bi2S3纳米棒的可控合成和表征

采用水热法,以Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和Na2S·9H2O为前驱体,通过不同的反应条件合成出不同形貌的Bi2S3纳米棒.所得产物用XRD和TEM进行了分析和表征.结果表明,当Na2S·9H2O与Bi(NO3)3·5H2O的摩尔比为2∶1,水热合成温度为l50℃,前处理模式为超声振荡时,所得Bi2S3纳米棒结晶度较高,...     

RC（O）OONO2热消除反应的理论研究

用ＡＭ１方法（采用ＵＨＦ计算程序）研究了ＣＨ３Ｃ９Ｏ）ＯＯＮＯ２，ＣＨ３Ｃ（ＣＨ２）Ｃ（Ｏ）ＯＯＮＯ２和Ｃ６Ｈ５Ｃ（Ｏ）ＯＯＮＯ２热消除ＮＯ２形成自由基的反应，计算的活化能分别为１１８．５８，１０８．９３和１０６．５３ｋＪ．ｍｏｌ＾－１。