强夯法处理风成砂地基的数值模拟分析

采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA程序建立三维有限元模型,对强夯法处理风成砂地基的过程进行了数值模拟,分析了风成砂地基的沉降、应力、塑性应变时程曲线等的变化特征,对强夯加固风成砂地基的机理进行了探讨.分析表明,所采用数值方法适用于风成砂地基的强夯处理模拟,同时关于强夯加固风成砂地基的机理得到一些结论,可为工程实践参考.     

长乐东部风沙地貌及其开发利用

福建省长乐县东部发育典型的海岸沙丘地貌。这些海岸沙丘以及长乐东部风成沙覆盖的沙地分布区是该县主要的农业耕作区和经济开发区。本文阐述了海岸沙丘的类型和特点，风成沙的成分特征，并以此为基础，分析了不同海岸沙丘和风沙地的开发利用问题。     

毛乌素沙地北缘5.8～4.5 cal kaBP的沉积旋回

通过毛乌素沙地现代风成砂与泊江海子剖面沉积物粒度特征对比分析,确定剖面中4个层位(290～210 cm,190～160 cm,153.5～123.5 cm,50～40 cm)基本属于风成砂沉积,这些风成砂中间夹杂着3次湖相沉积,结合年代序列认为此区域在5.8～4.5 cal kaBP存在以下沉积旋回:～5749 cal aBP沉积风成砂,反映该时期风砂活动强烈,气候干燥,冬季风强盛;5 749 cal aBP前后沉积物为灰绿色湖相层,表明这一时期存在短暂的湖面扩展,沙漠退缩;5749～5 370 cal aBP沉积风成砂,反映了湖泊的退缩和沙漠的扩展;5370～4895 cal aBP湖相沉积物,反映了流域降水量的增多;4895～4580 cal aBP沉积风成砂后,4580 cal aBP前后又出现了短暂的湖相沉积,之后又是风砂沉积.     

沙地条桑

冬春季节,失去水分和绿草及农作物覆盖的沙地,被风一吹,空中沙尘飞扬,地面沙流似水,好似海中的波浪一样。这样的沙地,对农作物的耕作影响极大,在春季播种季节,常常由于风剥沙压而造成大面积农作物缺苗断垄,严重减产。然而在河北省东部滦县一带及山东省惠民等地的沙地上,却分布着一种降漠固沙植物——沙地条桑。     

基于年代数据的青藏高原东北部全新世风沙活动研究

本文对青藏高原东北部全新世风成沉积剖面的年代数据应用概率密度方法结合年代数据分布情况重建了该区全新世风沙活动历史.结果表明:青藏高原东北部早全新世风沙活动强烈,但也存在不同尺度的空间差异,表现在共和盆地、柴达木盆地及青海湖盆地风成砂都广泛发育,但青海湖盆地同期还有古土壤发育,冬给措纳湖流域在这一时期也有少量的风成砂层出现;中全新世古土壤广泛发育,风沙活动较弱,整个东北部具有较好的一致性;晚全新世以来,柴达木盆地和冬给措纳湖流域风成砂发育较好,而共和盆地古土壤广泛发育,同时青海湖盆地风成砂和古土壤均有出现,说明风沙活动强度的区域差异较大,这可能是由于局部地区受到了人为活动强烈干扰的影响.风沙活动强度与区域有效湿度密切相关,区域有效湿度较高时,风沙活动较弱;反之,风沙活动较强.另外,大面积湖泊的存在使得青海湖盆地和冬给措纳湖流域全新世风沙活动的特点与柴达木盆地和共和盆地不尽相同,湖泊水位与湖泊增湿降温效应的相互关系以及物源供给特点可能是造成这一现象的原因.年代数据的概率密度方法相对于频率统计直方图具有一定的优势,充分利用了单个年代数据符合正态分布的特点,能够反映年代数据的范围和精度.     

油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)对半干旱区沙地生境的适应及其生态作用

我国温带半干旱区沙地生境的主要特征是干旱少雨、沙源丰富和大风频繁,这种特定条件进化出我国特有的优良固沙植物--油蒿.在长期的进化过程中,油蒿形成了独特的形态结构、生理特征和繁殖习性,能够很好地适应沙地环境.油蒿群落不仅能够防风固沙,影响沙地生态系统的水分运移与分配,还能促进土壤的发育.因此,油蒿在适应沙地生境的同时对沙地产生巨大的影响和改造作用.油蒿群落对沙地生境的不断改造,推动了植物群落的演替,最终使流动沙丘转变为丰茂的植被.     

环境保护

内蒙古、宁夏沙生植物进京盖沙孟环一种既耐旱又可做饲料的柠条,既可做编织材料又能抗旱的沙柳,俗称沙地花姑娘、开花期极长的花棒,还有沙枣、毛条、红柳等等,这些在内蒙古、宁夏等地的沙地旱地都能生长得郁郁葱葱的沙生植物将在明年首次“浩浩荡荡”进京,把北京的5万亩(约相当于 3333.33公顷)裸沙地全部覆盖。据了解,北京是华北地区风沙危害较为严重的地区,风沙化土地涉及郊区11个区县的129个乡镇,风沙化面积占全市总面积的14.4％,具中“三河两滩”重点风沙危害区尚有近20万亩(约相当于13333.33     

陕西沙苑地区的淤灌改土

沙苑位于我省关中东部大荔县境内,南滨渭河,北面和东面均为洛河环绕。本区内除靠河环形分布淤土外,中部沙地集中,沙地南北宽约七公里(石槽公社马坊——官池公社西阳),东西长约35公里(沙底公社兴旺——张家公社穆家),沙地面积共约35万亩,其中已耕地10万亩左右,分属官池、苏村、张家、八鱼、石槽等八个公社及农建师一些单位。近几年来利用靠河的便利条件建起了官池、苏村、张家、东里等多处淤灌站,淤灌了部分沙地,生产上初见成效,并积累了一些经验,前进中还存在一些问题。本文仅从淤灌改土的角度,探讨几个问题,以便进一步多快好省地改良砂质土,为培育高产稳产基本农田服务。     

浑善达克沙地稀树疏林草地植被生物量及净初级生产力

 森林和草原等陆地生态系统在全球碳循环中扮演非常重要的角色,而发育在半干旱地区沙地上的疏林草地植被在这方面的作用还不清楚.本文对内蒙古浑善达克沙地榆树(Ulmus pumila L.)疏林草地的生物量、生产力(NPP)以及降水利用效率(RUE)区分不同生境,即固定沙地、半固定沙地、流动沙地、丘间低地、柳灌丛和低湿地进行了研究;分析和比较了植被碳库及NPP的分配情况.结果表明,疏林草地的平均生物量(21.30Mg·hm^-2)与NPP(11.06Mg·hm^-2·a^-1)分别比典型草原地带的平均值高90%和59%,RUE近于后者的2倍,沙地水平上的地下与地上生物量之比为2.9,说明大量的植被碳贮藏于地下,沙地中乔木对生物量和NPP的贡献不大,分别为10%和1.3%,但对于维持疏林草地的完整性具有重要功能.浑善达克沙地的疏林草地生态系统与地带性的典型温带草原不同,应属于一类温带萨王那生态系统类型,合理的管理和恢复措施将有助于其在畜牧业和碳固持方面生态系统服务功能的实现.     

腾格里沙漠南缘沙地一年生植物的生态位分析

为进一步研究沙地生态系统稳定性提供依据,揭示沙地植被不同演替阶段下一年生植物的生态位变化规律。本文以腾格里沙漠南缘沙地植被为背景,在流动沙地、半流动沙地、半固定沙地和固定沙地4个较典型演替阶段上选取了一年生植物种群为研究对象,计测分析其生态位宽度、生态位重叠和生态位相似比例。结果表明:腾格里沙漠南缘流动沙地上,沙米是一年生植物优势种;半流动沙地上,沙米仍是一年生植物优势种;半固定沙地上,狗尾草和小画眉草是一年生优势植物种;固定沙地上,刺蓬、画眉草和狗尾草是一年生优势植物种。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-