Fire Spread Model for Old Towns Based on Cellular Automaton

Old towns like Lijiang have enormous historic, artistic, and architectural value. The buildings in such old towns are usually made of highly combustible materials, such as wood and grass. If a fire breaks out, it will spread to multiple buildings, so fire spreading and controlling in old towns need to be studied. This paper presents a fire spread model for old towns based on cellular automaton. The cellular automaton rules were set according to historical fire data in empirical formulas. The model also considered the effects of cli- mate. The simulation results were visualized in a geography information system. An example of a fire spread in Lijiang was investigated with the results showing that this model provides a realistic tool for predicting fire spread in old towns. Fire brigades can use this tool to predict when and how a fire spreads to minimize the losses.     

One Way to Eliminate Corruption-Educating People——Brief Introduction on Bid

This article,according to the author's working experience in a hydropewer project,briefly introducessome basic knowledge about bidding process and sample contract document.It is aiming at giving a commonknowledge to the students who will be involved in work relating to bid after their graduation in the college.It ishoped that this kind of knowledge can help people properly use funds for a project and thus corruption can beminimized.     

Neolithic rice paddy from the Zhaojiazhuang site, Shandong, China

To identify and study the Neolithic rice paddy in Shandong, eastern China, is not only an important issue in the development of Chinese rice agriculture, but also a key part of the study on rice spread in East Asia. Due to the limitation of archaeological materials and the research methods, there have been no discoveries about the Neolithic rice paddy in Shandong Province for a long time. Based on the identification of possible rice paddy by archaeological excavation, phytolith analysis of soil samples from this "paddy" has been systematically carried out and the results have shown a 4600—4300 years old rice paddy preserved at the Zhaojiazhuang site. This is the first examination and study of the rice paddy in North China by systematic phytolith analysis, which is very important for the Neolithic archaeological research and the study of the eastward spread of rice agricultural techniques in East Asia.     

LITERATURE AND THE TEACHING OF LANGUAGE

Chinese students learning English face a number of problems resulting from their isolation from the target language. One problem is that they are not exposed to the varieties of expression within the English language. This makes it difficult, for example, for them to distinguish between formal and informal English.     

A CLASS OF FIRST ORDER QUASILINEAR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND APPLICATIONS TO MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR MYOPIA ILLNESS

At present, the myopia illness of the students (including the students of university, middle schools andprimary schools) is a serious problem. For preventing and curing it, we must search for the developing lowsof myopia illness to provide the theory foundation for researches on and preventions from myopia illness.We provide the mathematial model on describing the poor eyesight of the students after analysing thedeveloping lows of the poor eyesight of the students as follows:where p(r,t) is the student's myopia falling ill rate function at time t and age r, u(r) denotes the initial stagemyopia falling ill rate function and v(t), the baby myopia falling ill rate function. It is a first order quasi-     

Language Context and English Teaching

Improvisation or transfer is the core of a course,based on the communicative approach. That is,the students are required to transfer what they learned in the textbook to real-life situation as far as possible. And in the present-day textbook of Middle School, the courses are organized in authentic everyday situations in which students can easily identify. So in the process of English teaching,it is very important for the teachers to set the language contexts correctly and flexibly.     

Classroom Management in Young Learners English Teaching——Typical Problems and Effective Solutions

Classroom management is the orchestration of classroom life： planning curriculum, organizing procedures and resources, arranging the environment to maximize efficiency, monitoring progress, dealing with existent problems. Successful classroom management looked like magic shows because students in these classrooms seem to glide from one activity to the next. Successful classroom management contributes to students＇ good achievement. Effective classroom management is one of the key elements of importance for efficient school education. However, almost all English teachers face a same problem classroom management. In this paper, some typical problems and effective solutions in classroom management will be described, defined, or characterized.     

Practical Advice on Improve Students' Reading Ability

English reading has been considered as the most important part in college English teaching and has been paid much attention to.Improving students＇ reading ability has always been a focus in college English teaching,for the students will obtain the information conveyed in English mainly through reading.However,the teaching effect is not satisfactory.To train the students to get good reading levels is an important objective pursued by the teachers.This thesis will analyze the problems of the students ＇ reading,and give some practical advice on improve students ＇ reading ability.     

Parameter recognition for defocus blur image using cepstrum analysis

Successful restoration of blurred images depends primarily on the knowledge about the degradation parameter. Defocus blur model in the frequency domain is characterized by concentric rings and the blur radius of the point spread function （PSF） can be identified conveniently in the frequency field for people by manual means rather than for computer. This paper introduces a practical method for computer to estimate the defocus blur parameter in cepstrum area. Fourier transform plays an intermediate role in the path to cepstrum domain. We suggest a weighted adjustment operation in the frequency domain and then convert it to the cepstrum field to increase the accuracy of recognition.     

How to Foster Students＇ Ability of Studying Independently——English Study for Example

Among students＇ abilities,the important one is the ability of studying independently.It is the teachers＇ indispensable task to foster students＇ ability of studying independently.This essay deals with the problem that how a teacher can foster the ability of student self-study,especially English study,from these perspectives：the nature,the characteristics,the conditions and the structure of the ability of independent study.The appropriate methods that the teacher should take in the process of fostering the ability are discussed in the last part of this essay.     

AIR CONDITIONING REFRIGERANTS AND OZONE PROTECTION

Until recently, CFC-11 and CFC-12 were the most widely used refrigerant gases in air conditioning systems. Environmental agencies around the world, however, have specifical concern for these gases as a direct cause of the depletion of the Earth's ozone layer. Consequently, the world's industrial nations are taking concerted action to decrease the use of CFCs, calling for attention of the engineers and designers involved in the manufacture and application of refrigeration systems for air conditioning. This paper analyses the available alternatives of CFCs in the industry and examines the problem found in process application.     

Effective Teaching of College English:From Understanding Class Silence in China

Chinese students tend to keep silent in class and bear in mind what has been taught passively rather than expressing their ideas actively like western students, which concerns Chinese teachers deeply because of the unsatisfactory class production. From the perspectives of "face" in Politeness Principle on the basis of cultural dimensions, this paper mainly focuses on class silence with a comparison between different cultures in the east and west, explores the true reasons for its happening in China and cons...     

Tsinghua Ph.D. Candidate Gains Einstein Award

Mr.Hu Jian,a Ph.D.candidate from the Center for Astrophysics in the Physics Department of Tsinghua University,recently gained the Einstein Award for his research in High Energy Astrophysics directed by his mentor Li Tipei,a Member of Chinese Academy of Sc…     

Solvent effects on infrared spectra of 2—Methyl—4,5—dimethoxy—3—oxo—2H—Pyridizine：Part 2.Binary Solvent SYstems

This research on the solvent effects of 2-methyl-4,5-dimethoxy-3-oxo-2H-pyridizine(MDOP) in binary solvent systems on the infrared spectra for MDOP in n-hexane/CHCl3 mixture solvents showed that there were three forms of carbonyl stretching vibration band[v(C=O)] of MPOP as mole fraction of CHCl3 in the binary solvents changes.In pure n-hexane solvent,the v(C=O) of MODP appeared at a relatively high wavenumber.With CHCl3 added,the v(C=O) shifted to lower wavenumbers.Two new bands were observed over a certain range of mixture solvent compositions.The origin of the bands was discussed in the terms of two kinds of hydrogen bond together with their individual dependence on mixture composition.COmparisons were drawn for the solvent sensitivities of v(C=O) for propanone.     

Improving students’ spoken English through PBGS activity

Twenty-first century is the age of knowledge economy,with the increase of the cooperation with a lot of countries where English is the native language,there are more and more joint corporation and foreign invested companies.So it is important for our students to have a mouth of fluent oral English,but now there is a problem in our college that students can not grasp the chances provided by the college to practice their oral English,and at this time with the effort of all oral English teachers,an activity of PBGS(Project Based Group Study) has produced and in this paper I mainly talk about how to carry it out effectively and let students get benefit from it.     

How to Stimulate College Students' English Learning Motivation

Motivation to language learning is a complex set of variables including effort, desire to achieve goals, as well as attitudes toward the learning of the language. Individuals' motivation to second-language learning also includes their motivation orientations, interest in the second language, attitudes toward the second-language group, attitudes toward the second-language learning situations and second-language anxiety. Based on the basic theories and approaches, teaching activities are part of motivation in English classes. The teacher of language should have a good influence on students and develop students' keen interest in study in order to strengthen their intrinsic motivation, and set up some new goals for students to pursue and give the feedback to reinforce their inner drive and confidence. Thus, students will become major conductors, make full use of their potentials and enhance their study results.     

Exploration of Hidden Curriculum in Grammar Teaching

In modern times,many students think English grammar is complex and boring,they learn it just for getting higher scores in English examination.Also most of the English teachers use the traditional teaching method to teach the students and let them control the grammar points rigidly,which makes the students feel the grammar is more difficult and complex.Chinese teachers and students tend to put emphasis on explicit curriculum.Teacher’s teaching methods and how the students to study grammar and other factors all restrict the development of hidden curriculum.In fact it can be mastered easily if we combine it with the exploration of hidden curriculum.By this way they can become fond of it little by little and they can find that their ability is greatly improved,they can benefit a lot in every aspect at last.Here I will state it in details about how to explore the hidden curriculum through English grammar teaching.     

QTL mapping of resistance to sheath blight in maize（Zea mays L.）

Maize sheath blight (Rhizoctonia Solani) is a widely occurring fungus disease with great harm to corn-pro- ducing regions in the world. The first happening of sheath blight in China was reported in Jilin Province as early as in 1966[1]. Since the 1970s, the enlargement of corn- growing regions, the application of maize hybrids, the increasing use of fertilizers, especially the nitrogenous fertilizer, and a higher growth-density, all have caused a quick spread of sheath blight, the occurring …