Application and transformation of action research in educational research and practice

This paper examines research and theory in the area Kurt Lewin called action research. Action research is collaborative, driven by a partnership between theorist/researchers and practitioners. It focuses on both theoretical and practical implications of issues. When viewed in the context of other work by Lewin, action research is seen as focusing on the social context of behaviors and on the dynamics of situations in which behaviors occur. Action research provides a versatile, potentially powerful approach for use in applied research on groups and group settings. Principles of action research, a tracing of the development of action research, and variations of action research approaches that have emerged in education are presented. Finally, two ongoing studies that exemplify action research are described.     

电子商务协商模型综述

电子商务协商是电子商务领域的研究热点之一。主要从协商协议模型、协商策略模型、协商模型的求解算法等方面综述了电子商务协商模型和算法的相关研究进展。首先针对电子商务服务商提供支持的协商、买方或卖方自行协商和电子商务第三方参与的协商这三种典型协商模式,综述了协商协议模型的研究进展;随后对基于效用和基于偏好的两种典型的协商策略模型进行了评述,并综述了协商模型的求解算法。最后展望了进一步的研究方向。     

动态时间帕累托最优电子采购多属性谈判模型

基于谈判的电子采购是企业达成供应链交易的重要方式.为了解决采购人员在面对多个谈判属性时决策的困难,本文将多属性谈判问题转化为一个多目标优化模型,采用具有快速非支配排序和精英策略的遗传算法,求解得到帕累托边界,然后设计动态时间依赖策略(DTD),使Agent根据对手出价情况,动态调整让步幅度,在帕累托边界上快速与对手达成...     

基于模糊定性仿真的多议题自动谈判模型

结合模糊定性仿真(FQSIM)理论对多议题谈判进行仿真, 构建了基于模糊定性仿真的多议题谈判模型, 并且进行了实例验证. 从验证结果可以看出, 仿真结果符合谈判的逻辑和人们的直观推测,能够清晰反映谈判的变化趋势, 该谈判模型相对于传统定性仿真对具体谈判问题具有更强的适应性, 更好地解决了由于不确定性因素在定量仿真中产生的问题, 可以简化多议题谈判的复杂程度, 并增强仿真模型的可信度和实用性.     

IT绩效影响与组织规模调节效应:来自机械行业的实证分析

信息化浪潮为传统制造业发展提供了机遇和挑战. 但是, 如何描述和测量信息化投入对组织绩效的影响, 一直是困扰国内外相关领域研究者和实践者的重要问题. 研究构建了一个概念模型, 尝试探索信息化基础建设、 专项业务应用和协同集成等信息化行动模式对组织绩效的影响, 以及组织规模变量的调节效应. 基于重型机械行业企业的调查数据, 研究运用结构方程模型进行了实证分析, 并探讨了分析结果的理论价值及对信息化建设路径选择的实践意义.     

解决冲突的图形模型在谈判支持系统中的应用

首先介绍冲突图形模型的基本原理,在此基础上对这种模型进行改进并探讨用于谈判支持系统的可行性.     

Intersections of Critical Systems Thinking and Community Based Participatory Research: A Learning Organization Example with the Autistic Community

Critical systems thinking (CST) and community based participatory research (CBPR) are distinct approaches to inquiry which share a primary commitment to holism and human emancipation, as well as common grounding in critical theory and emancipatory and pragmatic philosophy. This paper explores their intersections and complements on a historical, philosophical, and theoretical level, and then proposes a hybrid approach achieved by applying CBPR’s principles and considerations for operationalizing emancipatory practice to traditional systems thinking frameworks and practices. This hybrid approach is illustrated in practice with examples drawn from of the implementation of the learning organization model in an action research setting with the Autistic community. Our experience of being able to actively attend to, and continuously equalize, power relations within an organizational framework that otherwise has great potential for reinforcing power inequity suggests CBPR’s principles and considerations for operationalizing emancipatory practice could be useful in CST settings, and CST’s vocabulary, methods, and clarity around systems thinking concepts could be valuable to CBPR practitioners.     

社会偏好对工程工期优化谈判的影响

针对业主与承包商的工期优化问题,基于计算实验方法构建了两者基于收益共享契约的谈判模型,将行为经济学中的社会偏好理论引入其中.分别考虑了承包商具有自利偏好、竞争性偏好、不公平厌恶偏好以及社会福利偏好等类型,研究了不同社会偏好类型对谈判可行域、利润分配、谈判成功率以及效率等方面的影响.研究结果表明:不同的社会偏好类型以及偏好不同程度对于谈判过程与结果均会产生差异性影响,并将呈现出不同的演化趋势.这对于明晰谈判结果成因,继而科学合理地进行工期优化决策均具有重要的意义.     

基于Agent 的电子商务自动谈判系统研究

通过对现有自动谈判系统的深入分析,指出面向电子商务的自动谈判系统的研究与开发是目前各类电子商务应用系统研究中最为薄弱的环节.文章依据电子商务谈判的需求和分布式人工智能迅速发展,提出了一种基于Agent电子商务自动谈判系统,着重对这种新型的谈判系统的自动谈判协议、谈判策略和系统构架进行了探讨,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望.     

基于多Agent系统的建设供应链协同决策

从供应链整体系统的角度出发,设计了一种基于偏好反馈的多属性协商机制,构建了基于多智能主体的建设供应链协同决策模型,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望.     

Application of Focus Group Interviews for Quality Management: An Action Research Project

Focus groups have the potential to provide rapid and timely collation, integration and assembly of the views of a variety of different types of stakeholders into a plausible theory. This article reflects on a tertiary education institution's utilisation of focus group interviews (FGIs) as a qualitative evaluation instrument, using action research as the methodology. Our results suggest that employing focus groups is a valuable method of gaining more insight into and adding more depth to quantitative findings during quality management. Results from focus groups enable quality assurance practitioners to provide better remedial action plans. A set of guidelines is provided for the effective conducting of focus group interviews as part of an institutional quality assurance system.     

基于代价时间Petri网的合同网模型研究

提出一种扩展了价格信息的时间Petri网--代价时间Petri网,并用代价时间Petri网来模拟合同网协商过程,建立虚拟企业的合同加工模型.在合同网协议框架内,利用代价时间Petri网为合同网协议的招标、投标和中标过程进行建模分析,给出了招标要求和Agent在投标和评标决策过程的代价时间Petri网模型,最后利用该模型对盟员企业内部制造过程以及相互之间的协作关系进行了形式化分析和验证.     

A Fuzzy Negotiation Model of E-commerce

We usually decide to accept or reject the offer based on the utility function in the traditional automatic negotiation of E-commerce so that we reject the offers whose utility is lower than a specified value. Here we evaluate the acceptability based on the fuzzy set theory and the membership function. Since different issues have different effect on the negotiators, we state the combined concession in the multi-issue negotiation for the negotiators. We put forward a more practical negotiation model than the traditional negotiation model and give an example of its application in E-commerce.     

Systemic praxis in the education of the agricultural systems practitioner

This paper describes the context and the systemic experiential theories that have informed the praxis of educating agricultural systems practitioners. The praxis has involved a process of action research with students and with clients in farming and other rural community organizations. The praxis encourages learners to bring a range of methodologies of inquiry to bear upon problematic issues, contingent upon the nature of such issues. Informed by a number of different theories, and by reflecting on our own work, an earlier model of a nested hierarchy of systems of inquiry has been reconstructed to become a more useful guide to educational strategies: Each contingent methodology can now be seen to have its own learning, meta-learning, and epistemic learning dimensions. A key to enriched learning for responsible changes in agriculture and rural development lies in the facilitation of the consciousness of, and competency at, such a systemic pluralism of methodologies.     

Action Learning and Action Research (ALAR): A Methodological Integration in an Inter-Organizational Setting

The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how action learning and action research were used concurrently as a single ALAR methodology in one research project which focused on collaborative improvement in the supply chain. The research in which the ALAR methodology was used was a European Union funded research project called CO-IMPROVE which sought to develop a business model, supported by a web-based software system, and action learning-based implementation guidelines to support the design, implementation and ongoing development of collaborative improvement between partners in Extended Manufacturing Enterprises (EMEs). The article describes how the participating managers worked in an action learning to achieve their commercial objectives and how action research was used by academic researchers to consolidate the action learning processes and to generate actionable knowledge.     

The Researcher as Change Agent

This paper examines the challenges facing researchers working on projects with industry. There has been considerable previous investigation into the need for academic research to have more impact, particularly for industry. Community action research (CAR) examines how practitioners, consultants, and researchers can work together to create new knowledge. However, research has shown that CAR is difficult due to fragmentation within the knowledge creating system. This paper examines how fragmentation can occur from the experience of a researcher working on a large-scale longitudinal change project over three and a half years. The results identify ten lessons learned and five recommendations for improving the capacity of researchers to have impact as change agents within a CAR group.     

A Multiple Negotiations Model Considering Interdependence between Discrete Issues Across Negotiations

The research of multiple negotiations considering issue interdependence across negotiations is considered as a complex research topic in agent negotiation.In th...     

Doing Action Research in One's Own Organization: An Ongoing Conversation Over Time

There are many variants of action research. This article describes a socioecological action research approach done from inside an organization-in-environments. Building on past discussions of action research, an inside-outsider action research model is presented, and using the author's own experience, the paper explores some special relations inherent in such a model. The paper starts with a brief outline of the theory, then discusses some of the structural relations of inside-outsider action research, some practical issues and then reports several vignettes as examples. The paper concludes that action research is still an evolving paradigm.     

环境群体性事件"信息-权利"协同演化的仿真分析

从"信息传播-利益博弈"的协同演化视角,构建了环境污染群体性突发事件的协同演化博弈模型,然后在NetLogo平台上进行多主体的社会仿真分析.仿真结果表明:环境污染突发事件具有两种协同演化路径,即邻避运动的"协商谈判-信息畅通-相对理性的集体抗议",环境污染群体性事件的"暗箱操作-信息过剩-非理性的集体抗议";在各种收益和信息参数情境下,存在着丰富多样的演化均衡结果;政府施加信息措施的强度作为外部干扰,导致了"演化均衡漂移"现象.地方政府部门既可以通过尊重周边的知情权和参与权采取协商谈判的博弈结构,也可以通过加大信息搜集(或者舆情引导)措施,促使事态朝着周边居民最终接受方案的方向演化.     

哥本哈根国际气候谈判的博弈树相关均衡分析

哥本哈根议程凸显出发展中国家与发达国家在国际气候谈判的博弈冲突性.借鉴Forgó的博弈树相关均衡概念,发展中国家和发达国家作为国际气候谈判主体,划分京都议定书时期,哥本哈根协议时期和未来长久时期,建立了哥本哈根国际气候谈判的序贯决策博弈模型.根据2007 年IPCC第一工作组《第四次评估报告》的研究结论,建立CO₂浓度与全球气温的线性回归模型和ARMA（4,2）预测模型,得出长期目标下各种减排路径的CO₂浓度贡献值.结合谈判设定各国温室气体减排率,计算各减排路径的全球气温变化,运用线性规划GHGAME 求解博弈树相关均衡结果.研究表明,根据前一时期减排进展采取相机调整的国际气候谈判方案,减排效果要好于谈判初期采取一揽子解决的方案;发达国家是否率先切实履行减排承诺,对全球气候变化控制效果至关重要.