加速混合遗传算法及其在暴雨强度公式参数优化中的应用

根据重现期P-降雨历时t-暴雨强度i的关系表,推求暴雨强度公式参数,是一个已知关系式的非线性模型参数优化求解问题.在理论分析及前人研究的基础上,把求解无约束最优化问题的交尺度DFP算法嵌入到改进浮点编码遗传算法中,得到一种基于变尺度DFP算法和改进浮点编码遗传算法的加速混合遗传算法.该方法兼顾了改进浮点编码遗传算法和DFP算法的优点,既有较快速的收敛速度,又能求得最优化问题全局精确解.经求解暴雨强度公式参数的实例表明,该法是有效的和可行的,且求解结果优于其它方法.     

暴雨强度公式推算方法的研究及应用

根据暴雨强度资料,采用皮尔逊Ⅲ分布模式对暴雨强度频率分布进行拟合,并由此编制反映暴雨强度、历时、重现期三者关系的i-t-T表。在对暴雨强度公式中参数确定时,引入基于非线性最小二乘法原理的数学优化技术,并给出了在Matlab环境下的实现过程。     

改进粒子群算法在暴雨强度公式参数优化中的应用

本文基于充分的信息共享机制,提出了一种改进的粒子群算法,并将其应用于北京市郊区不同重现期的暴雨强度与降雨历时关系式中参数的优化,与基本的粒子群算法,遗传算法,传统回归法和优选回归法的优化效果进行了分析比较。实例计算结果表明：粒子群算法用于暴雨强度公式中的参数估计精度高于遗传算法,传统回归法和优选回归法的参数估计精度,而改进的粒子群算法的参数估计精度又高于基本的粒子群算法。     

用高斯－牛顿法确定暴雨公式参数

传统的方法推求不能线性化的暴雨公式中的参数，往往分成两步：先求单一重现期的参数，然后再求各重现期的综合参数，参数推求全过程需图解试求、反复调整，最后求碍的参数并不是最佳拟合参数，本文用高斯－牛顿法推求暴雨公式的参数，实现了参数推求的一举寻优，算例表明，方法实用可行，使用此方法，使拟合精度显著提高。     

用高斯—牛顿法确定暴雨公式参数

传统的方法推求不能线性化的暴雨公式中的参数，往往分成两步：先求单一重现期的参数，然后再求各重现期的综合参数，参数推求全过程需图解试求、反复调整，最后求得的参数并不是最佳拟合参数，本文用高斯－牛顿法推求暴雨公式的参数，实现了参数推求的一举寻优，算例表明，方法实用可行，使用此方法，使拟合精度显著提高。     

基于Marqardt-Hartley法及其在求解城市暴雨强度公式参数中的应用研究

根据重现期 P～降雨历时 t～暴雨强度 i的关系表 ,推求现代城市暴雨强度公式的参数 ,是一个已知关系式非线性函数的参数估计问题 .本文在理论分析及前人研究的基础上 ,通过引进阻尼因子和步长因子 ,从而得出现代城市暴雨强度公式参数的 Marqardt-Hartley联合电算解法 .经实例说明 ,该法较好地克服了现有各种数值解法存在的不足 ,使暴雨强度公式参数的求解方便灵活、收敛性好、求解稳定 .该方法实用可行 ,拟合精度较高     

推求城市暴雨强度公式参数中准则函数的选择问题

针对城市暴雨强度公式制定中准则函数的选择问题，以绝对标准差最小准则、相对标准差最小准则，以及加权耦合的绝对与相对标准差最小准则等为推求暴雨强度公式最优参数的优化准则，采用性能较为优异的蚁群算法进行优化估计，并用实际资料对城市暴雨强度公式的不同准则和不同拟合方法的推求结果进行比较、检验和分析，系统研究了推求城市暴雨强度公式参数中准则函数的选择问题，为各地城市暴雨强度公式的制定提供了精确、科学、可行的依据.     

微分进化算法在暴雨强度公式参数优化中的应用

用微分进化算法对暴雨强度公式参数进行优化, 并将其计算结果与传统方法、优选法以及加速遗传算法的计算结果作比较, 实例计算结果表明微分进化算法的拟合效果最好;相比于加速遗传算法, 微分进化算法提高了收敛速度, 有效地克服了不成熟收敛, 更容易收敛到全局最优解.     

基于暴雨雨水管理模式的海口市某地区雨水管网排水的动态模拟及优化

针对海口市某地区"逢暴雨必涝"的问题,结合该地区地质地理和自然气候特征,综合取定重现期、降雨历时、径流系数等参数,运用暴雨管理模型对该地区的雨水管网的设计参数进行了优化.模拟结果说明优化后的管网排水能力得到大幅度提高.     

基于变系数广义开尔文模型的混凝土徐变和松弛

首先,提出了一个基于变系数广义开尔文模型的混凝土徐变度Dirichlet级数表达式,并依据延迟范围理论建立了九参数徐变度公式;然后,推导了松弛系数率的表达式,并在此基础上提出了计算松弛系数的率型迭加算法;最后,基于试验数据将文中建议的徐变度表达式以及率型迭加算法与常用的徐变度公式以及计算松弛系数的迭加算法进行了比较。结果表明:提出的徐变度表达式物理概念清晰且能避免负徐变;九参数徐变度公式的拟合精度高于常用的八参数徐变度公式;率型迭加算法避免了普通迭加算法的误差传递现象,大幅度提高了早龄期混凝土持载时间较长时的拟合精度.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.