乙二醇汽车发动机冷却液防腐剂的研究

就汽车发动机冷却液的腐蚀性进行了实验，采用TTA、癸二酸和有机硅ST-100等替代聚磷酸钠和三乙醇胺等防腐剂，得到了较理想的防腐体系。     

The impact of ocean warming on marine organisms

Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution during the late eighteenth to the early nineteenth centuries, there has been rapidly increasing release of greenhouse gases, notably CO₂, into the atmosphere. As a consequence of this atmospheric change, the Earth’s average surface temperature has increased by approximately 0.6 °C over the last 100 years. The rate of release of greenhouse gases continues to increase, and global surface temperature rose by approximately 0.2 °C per decade in the last 30 years, a rate that is greater than at any other time during the last 1,000 years. The wide-ranging effects of these increases in greenhouse gases and temperature on the biosphere are subject to intense scientific study. Much has been learned, but much more needs to be elucidated, if we are to predict how terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems will be affected by global change. This brief review focuses on the marine environment and offers a concise summary of some of the important advances in our knowledge about the impacts of global change, including physical and chemical changes of the ocean, as well as the impact of ocean warming on marine organisms. Our analysis also points out areas where critical new information is needed if we are to predict the future of marine ecosystems in a warming world with accuracy.     

The impact of ocean warming on marine organisms

Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolu- tion during the late eighteenth to the early nineteenth centuries, there has been rapidly increasing release of greenhouse gases, notably CO〉 into the atmosphere. As a consequence of this atmospheric change, the Earth＇s average surface temperature has increased by approxi- mately 0.6 ℃ over the last 100 years. The rate of release of greenhouse gases continues to increase, and global surface temperature rose by approximately 0.2 ℃ per decade in the last 30 years, a rate that is greater than at any other time during the last 1,000 years. The wide-ranging effects of these increases in greenhouse gases and temperature on the biosphere are subject to intense scientific study. Much has been learned, but much more needs to be elucidated, if we are to predict how terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems will be affected by global change. This brief review focuses on the marine environment and offers a concise summary of some of the important advances in our knowledge about the impacts of global change, including physical and chemical changes of the ocean, as well as the impact of ocean warming on marine organisms. Our analysis also points out areas where critical new information is needed if we are to predict the future of marine ecosystems in a warming world with accuracy.     

树脂催化下乙二醇与二元酸聚酯化反应动力学探讨

本文研究了在H型强酸性阳离子交换树脂存在下,邻苯二甲酸酐及顺丁烯二酸酐与乙二醇的酯化反应动力学。结果表明:在H型强酸性阳离子交换树脂存在下,上述反应的动力学过程不能用Lin在液体酸催化时的动力学方程—d[COOH]/dt=k″(COOH)~2来表示,但与动力学方程—d[COOH]/dt二k(k_h+k′_h)[COOH][OH]~2则有很好的一致性。     

江苏海岸带生物体的重金属水平与生态评价

通过对江苏海岸带几种主要生物的重金属含量测定,分析生物体的重金属富集效应和元素间的变化．分析结果表明,底栖生物的重金属含量高于浮游生物,生物肉体和壳体对外界金属元素的吸收具有选择性,一般壳体吸收更多的有害元素;对于不同的生物个体,吸收的主要方式和含量不同．根据有关海洋生物体污染物标准,认为江苏沿海的生物体已受到轻度污染．     

在碱性溶液中NiO增强Pt/C和Pd/C催化剂上乙二醇的电化学氧化

研究了乙二醇在1.0 mol/L KOH溶液中在Pt/C, Pt-NiO(质量比4∶1)/C, Pd/C和Pd-NiO(质量比4∶1)/C电极上电化学氧化活性.结果显示单纯Pd/C催化剂对乙二醇电化学氧化表现出非常低的活性,远远比不上Pt/C催化剂,但抗催化剂毒化能力好于Pt/C.经过氧化物增强后,Pt/C和Pd/C对乙二醇电化学氧化活性和抗毒化能力都得到大幅度提高,Pd-NiO(质量比4∶1)/C对乙二醇电化学氧化活性超过Pt/C.     

Polysaccharide aggregation as a potential sink of marine dissolved organic carbon

The formation and sinking of biogenic particles mediate vertical mass fluxes and drive elemental cycling in the ocean. Whereas marine sciences have focused primarily on particle production by phytoplankton growth, particle formation by the assembly of organic macromolecules has almost been neglected. Here we show, by means of a combined experimental and modelling study, that the formation of polysaccharide particles is an important pathway to convert dissolved into particulate organic carbon during phytoplankton blooms, and can be described in terms of aggregation kinetics. Our findings suggest that aggregation processes in the ocean cascade from the molecular scale up to the size of fast-settling particles, and give new insights into the cycling and export of biogeochemical key elements such as carbon, iron and thorium.     

轮机模拟器船舶柴油机改进的仿真软件

介绍轮机模拟器船舶柴油机改进的仿真软件.首先,对6S60MC柴油机工作过程数学建模,包括气缸、涡轮增压器、空冷器、扫气过程和排气过程等;其次,采用一种改进的方法计算排气过程,在满足计算精度要求的同时,缩短工作过程仿真的计算时间;第三,计算柴油机各缸的主要工作参数,比如,示功图P-ψ,P-V和T-ψ,dQ/dψ-ψ,dx/dψ-ψ等曲线图,以及扫气空气系数、残余废气系数、燃烧室壁温等参数;第四,软件有许多故障设置,以训练学生或学员判断故障的能力;第五,软件还有报警参数等.     

开发海洋能源，建设海洋强国

海洋能源开发是海洋强国建设的重要支撑。论述了近年来科技创新为海洋能源勘探开发做出的巨大贡献,提出了中国海洋能源开发未来的主攻方向及建议:加大近海非常规油气开发技术攻关,为中国油气工业提供更多现实的贡献;加大深海油气勘探开发力度,打造中国油气产业未来的重要接替区;突破天然气水合物规模化开发关键技术,早日实现商业化开采;打造深海能源开发装备舰队,支撑海洋强国建设;抢占先机,布局并推进大洋矿产的勘探开发;进一步加强极地科研攻关,深度参与极地开发。